柏拉图的魔戒寓言 - 亚历克斯·根德勒：英语精读讲义

补全 tempt someone with something 结构：The app tempted new users ____ a free trial.

开头这串否定列举的主要作用是什么？

1. 介绍将带领故事发展的三位英雄
2. 比较三个神话群体的力量
3. 排除熟悉的奇幻故事类型，并重新调整观众的预期

用表示“早得多”和“被写下来”的两个表达完成句子：The custom existed ____ its rules were ever ____.

本句中的 Plato's Republic 指什么？

1. 由柏拉图建立并统治的共和国
2. 柏拉图讨论正义的一部哲学著作
3. 一个名为 Plato 的虚构国家

哪一句把 surface 用作组织论述的动词，表示某个话题在更大的讨论中被提起？

1. The table had a rough surface, so the team covered it.
2. The old concern surfaced as the team discussed the new schedule.
3. The submarine surfaced as the team discussed the new schedule.

用 just 构成的、表示“以公平且符合道德的方式”的副词补全句子：Even under pressure, a judge must act ____.

本句中的 a convention that's enforced through punishment and reward 是什么意思？

1. 一场发放奖品的大型会议
2. 一种靠外部后果维持的共同社会规则
3. 一种计算惩罚的计算机程序

请用表示“暂时站在反方论证”的习语完成句子：I'm only ____, but what if the plan costs more than expected?

这句话表示观点按什么顺序展开？

1. 格劳孔反对苏格拉底，然后引出一个故事来展开他的反驳。
2. 格劳孔赞同苏格拉底，并把这个故事当成无关内容。
3. 格劳孔数了数故事里的人，然后结束讨论。

用 tend 的过去进行时和宾语 the garden 完成背景动作：Maya ____ when the rain started.

哪一句正确使用了逗号 + -ing 从句来表示突发事件的直接结果？

1. A heavy branch fell, breaking the window.
2. A heavy branch fell, broke the window.
3. A heavy branch fell, it breaking the window.

用 draw ... in 的过去式完成句子：The mystery ____ me ____ from the very first page.

在本句中，his eyes alighted upon a bronze horse 是什么意思？

1. 他的注意力碰巧落在了一匹青铜马上。
2. 他的眼睛变成了一匹青铜马。
3. 他真的降落在一匹青铜马上。

填入专门表示“微开”的形容词：The door was ____, and a thin line of light showed through.

哪句话中的句首 -ing 短语与主句共用同一个动作执行者？

1. Peering through the window, Maya saw an empty room.
2. Peering through the window, there was an empty room.
3. Peering through the window, the empty room surprised Maya.

哪句话正确使用 which 回指一个物品，并补充说明后来对它做了什么？

1. Mina found an old key, which she placed it in her bag.
2. Mina found an old key, which she placed in her bag.
3. Mina found an old key, who she placed in her bag.

请用 pocket 的动词过去式完成句子：She ____ the receipt before leaving the store.

请用与 we 搭配的 retrace one's steps 正确形式完成句子：After checking the wrong hallway, we had to ____.

用 fiddle with 的正确 -ing 形式补全句子：During the long wait, Ava kept ____ the button on her coat.

哪一句正确使用了 after + -ing，并且两个动作由同一个人完成？

1. After packed his bag, Omar left for school.
2. After packing his bag, Omar left for school.
3. After packing his bag, the school bus was late.

哪句话使用 when 从句把一个动作呈现为触发结果的事件？

1. When Leo turned the key, the engine started.
2. Leo turned the key because the engine had started.
3. Before Leo turned the key, the engine started.

哪句话正确使用了句首过去分词短语，说明玛雅为什么又试了一次？

1. Emboldening by her coach's praise, Maya tried again.
2. Emboldened by her coach's praise, the next attempt felt easier to Maya.
3. Emboldened by her coach's praise, Maya tried again.

这句话中，new possibilities bloomed before him 是什么意思？

1. 许多新的机会向他开放了。
2. 他再也想不出任何选择了。
3. 花朵突然出现在他面前的地上。

哪句话最准确地解释了 a sordid plan hatched in his mind？

1. 一个困难但光明正大的计划被认真完成了。
2. 他发现了一枚脏兮兮的鸟蛋，并看着它孵化。
3. 一个可耻的计划开始在他的思绪中形成。

哪句话自然地表示“某人秘密移动，而且没有被发现”？

1. The visitor toured the museum openly with a guide.
2. The runner crossed the finish line as the crowd cheered.
3. The intruder prowled through the empty office undetected.

请用 report 的正确形式完成句子：We convinced him ____ the broken window immediately.

句中的插入语 once a humble shepherd 起什么作用？

1. 它把君主认定为一个卑微的牧羊人。
2. 它补充盖吉斯过去的身份，并突出他后来地位的上升。
3. 它表示盖吉斯有一次当过牧羊人。

哪一句中的 claim 表示宣称权利并取得政治控制权？

1. Leona claimed that the throne was made of gold.
2. After the regent fled, Leona claimed the throne.
3. Leona claimed her coat at the theater.

请用 to illustrate 补全句子，以表示讲故事的目的：The coach told a quick story ____ why teamwork matters.

请把 by + review 变成 -ing 形式来补全句子：Nina remembered more vocabulary ____ her notes each evening.

哪一句用 After all 引出支持前面建议的理由？

1. We should leave now. After all, the last bus departs at ten.
2. We decided to go after all.
3. She arrived after all the other runners.

这个反问主要暗示了什么？

1. 说话人完全不知道理性的人会怎样做。
2. 说话人期待对方认同理性的人会那样做。
3. 说话人声称没有理性的人会那样做。

哪一句正确使用了隐含主语明确的简化被动条件从句？

1. If invited to speak, Lena will explain the project.
2. If invited Lena to speak, she will explain the project.
3. If invite to speak, Lena will explain the project.

请按正确顺序使用 breaks、the hike 和 into 完成句子：The guide ____ three short stages。

请用 for ... own sake 结构以及与 learning 一致的代词补全句子：I value learning ____, not just for the opportunities it creates.

请用 the value ... bring 结构以及与 this tool 一致的代词补全句子：We want this tool only for ____, not because we enjoy using it.

下面哪句话自然地使用了 onerous？

1. The blue folder is onerous on the desk.
2. The reporting requirements are onerous for a two-person team.
3. She wore an onerous smile at the party.

用 comprise 的正确形式完成句子：The science club ____ four teams.

哪一句用 belongs to 表示类别归属？

1. This insect belongs to the beetle family.
2. This bicycle belongs to our neighbor.
3. This key opens the storage room.

哪一句最恰当地说明一个严重的不利条件并未阻止积极结果？

1. The route was dangerous; nevertheless, the team reached the village safely.
2. The route was dangerous; moreover, the team reached the village safely.
3. The route was dangerous; therefore, the team reached the village safely.

请用 conduct oneself 和 professionally 的正确形式填空：Maria always ____ during formal meetings.

选择最自然的表达完成句子：The event was delayed ___.

1. because a technical problem
2. due to the system failed
3. due to a technical problem

哪一句正确使用 it is X, not Y, that matters，强调“认真倾听”比“仅仅听到话语”更重要？

1. It's listening carefully, not merely hearing the words, that matters.
2. Listening carefully, not merely hearing the words, it's that matters.
3. It's listen carefully, not merely hear the words, that matters.

用 describe 的正确形式补全简化的被动短语：As ____ in the report, the plan has three stages.

莉娜练习钢琴是因为她喜欢演奏音乐，即使没人奖励她也一样。这种乐趣属于哪一种益处？

1. an external punishment
2. an intrinsic benefit
3. an extrinsic benefit

在这句话中，soul 主要指什么？

1. 人死后离开身体的幽灵。
2. 人的心智和人格结构，分为 reason、spirit 和 appetite。
3. 社会中的三个不同的人。

用表示两种选择的成对词完成句子：You may choose ____ the blue route ____ the green route.

用表示“起源或成因”的目标短语完成句子：Investigators found that a loose wire was the ____ the fire.

哪句话中的 while 用来对比两个事实，而不是表示时间？

1. Maya likes detailed plans, while Leo prefers to decide as he goes.
2. Maya listened to music while she cleaned her room.
3. Please stay here while I speak to the teacher.

用 consist of 的正确形式完成句子：The emergency kit ____ a flashlight, water, and bandages.

在句子“To Maya, a fair rule must apply to everyone,”中，句首短语 To Maya 起什么作用？

1. 它表示 Maya 正直接对所有人说话。
2. 它表示有人正把一条规则递给 Maya。
3. 它从 Maya 的观点来提出这个说法。

用被动结构 be led by 完成句子：A sound policy should ____ evidence rather than rumor.

用 keep ... in check 中缺少的部分完成句子：A short walk can help keep stress ____.

用 make 的 -ing 形式完成句子，表示结果：The new schedule gives us more time, ____ the project easier to manage.

用表示“即使没有”的两个词完成句子：____ a prize, Nora would still enter the science fair.

使用 succumb 的过去式和它要求的介词完成句子：After resisting the pressure for weeks, he finally ____ it.

哪句话用 while 先承认一点，再提出与之相对的判断？

1. While the hotel is expensive, its location is excellent.
2. Please wait here while the room is cleaned.
3. She checked the map while I drove.

用本课学到、表示“没有以平衡的方式共同运作”的两个英文单词补全句子：Her values and her actions were ____.

在此语境中，哪句话最准确地改述了 He'd be enslaved to his own base desires？

1. 他会运用理性，把自己的所有欲望都控制住。
2. 他会失去自制，因为他自己那些道德上卑下的欲望会支配他。
3. 他会因为自己的欲望而在法律上成为另一个人的财产。

哪句话使用 rather than 构成了清楚的平行结构？

1. The policy should guided by evidence rather than be driven by fear.
2. The policy should be guided by evidence rather than fear drives it.
3. The policy should be guided by evidence rather than driven by fear.

用 pen 表示“写”时的过去式完成句子：The historian ____ a short biography of the queen.

用 by + -ing 和相互呼应的泛指代词完成这个正式句子：____ checking the facts carefully, ____ can protect ____ from making a false claim.

用 voice 的过去式完成句子，表示“公开表达”：At the meeting, several residents ____ concerns about the plan.

用 for instance 作为插入式举例标记完成句子：Many materials can be recycled. Glass, ____, can be melted down and reused.

在这个政治哲学句子中，the state of nature 指什么？

1. 一个没有城市或现代技术的国家
2. 一种没有政府或共同政治权威的假设状态
3. 森林和河流的环境状况

哪个句子把第二个陈述表达为由第一个陈述推导出的结论？

1. The roads were icy; therefore, the school opened two hours late.
2. The roads were icy; however, the main highway stayed open.
3. The roads were icy; for example, several bridges had frozen surfaces.

请使用 impose 的被动形式和引出施事者的词补全句子：A temporary curfew was ____ the mayor.

哪个句子正确使用 in contrast 来标记真正的差异？

1. The first battery lasted two hours. In contrast, it was fully charged before the test.
2. The first battery lasted two hours. In contrast, the second lasted two hours too.
3. The first battery lasted two hours. In contrast, the second lasted ten.

哪句话正确使用 be obligated to 表达正式的伦理义务？

1. Researchers enjoy protecting participants' privacy.
2. Researchers might protect participants' privacy.
3. Researchers are obligated to protect participants' privacy.

在本句中，agree to participate in civil society 是什么意思？

1. 同意只处理民事法院案件
2. 承诺在每次谈话中都礼貌说话
3. 同意加入一个遵循共同规则的有组织政治共同体

哪一句中的 secure 是动词，表示“确保权利受到保护”？

1. The agreement stated that workers' rights were secure.
2. The agreement was designed to secure workers' rights.
3. The agreement was stored in a secure cabinet.

哪一种解释最准确地说明了短语“The allegory of the ill-gotten magical ring”的含义？

1. 它把戒指故事呈现为具有深层含义的象征性叙事，并认为这枚戒指是以不正当方式取得的。
2. 它把戒指说成一件普通装饰品，并表示其取得方式完全正当。
3. 它表示戒指使某人生病，而且故事除了冒险情节外没有其他含义。

哪句话中的 lure 表示“诱使某人做出有害的选择”？

1. The promise of easy money lured him into a dangerous scheme.
2. The guide invited him to join a safe museum tour.
3. The dark blue sign showed him where to go.

请在一般现在时中使用 continue + to + inspire 完成句子：Her bold design ____ young artists.

用表示“被危险人员或未经授权的人得到”的习语补全这句警告：This information must never ____.

哪一句正确表示 Leo 主动忍住了一股冲动？

1. Leo disliked the urge to look at the answers.
2. Leo resisted to the urge to look at the answers.
3. Leo resisted the urge to look at the answers.

在这句话中，like Frodo with the One Ring 暗示什么？

1. 面对危险的诱惑，同时努力抵抗它
2. 追求力量，但完全没有道德挣扎
3. 戴着一枚普通戒指，只把它当作装饰

哪一句中的 corrupted 表示“在道德上变坏”？

1. The video file was corrupted during the transfer.
2. The leader was corrupted by unchecked power.
3. The leader was corrected after a spelling mistake.

用本课目标短语完成这句宣传式邀请：____ a world where dragons guard ancient secrets.

用本课目标结构完成这句奇幻故事介绍：Readers ____ save the hidden kingdom.