芬兰究竟算不算斯堪的纳维亚国家？：英语精读讲义

Scandinavia.

斯堪的纳维亚。

Look at this Arctic wonderland.

看看这个北极仙境。

Fjords, saunas, fjords, lutefisk, blondes,

峡湾、桑拿、峡湾、碱渍鱼、金发女郎、

Vikings, blonde Vikings, fjords, IKEA,

维京人、金发维京人、峡湾、IKEA、

babies in government issued boxes, 文化背景

睡在政府发放的纸箱里的婴儿、

Santa, death metal, and fjords.

圣诞老人、死亡金属和峡湾。

But like, where exactly are the borders of Scandinavia?

但是，斯堪的纳维亚的边界究竟在哪里？

Because not all of this stuff is in it.

因为并不是所有这些东西都在里面。

Scandinavia is just three countries, exactly.

准确地说，斯堪的纳维亚只有三个国家。

Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.

瑞典、挪威和丹麦。

Three kingdoms to be more precise, 短語搭配

更准确地说，是三个王国，

all of which are on the Scandinavian peninsula. 語法

全都位于斯堪的纳维亚半岛上。

Well, except Denmark and or plus Finland.

嗯，除了丹麦和/或加上芬兰。

Wait, this doesn't help at all.

等等，这根本没用。

Forget that.

忘了它吧。

The three countries on this peninsula

这个半岛上的三个国家

can be collectively called Fennoscandia. 短語搭配

可以统称为Fennoscandia（芬诺斯坎底亚）。

But if you do, 語法

但如果你这样叫，

everyone will look at you weird

所有人都会用奇怪的眼神看你，

because no one except the nerdiest of geography nerds

因为除了最死忠的地理极客之外，没人

uses that word.

会用这个词。

Fennoscandia.

Fennoscandia。

So, Scandinavia is a term that's one part geography, 表達脈絡

所以，斯堪的纳维亚这个词包含了一部分地理、

one part history,

一部分历史、

and one part linguistics,

以及一部分语言学，

which is why people will argue 語法

这就是为什么人们会争论

about who exactly is included.

到底谁包含在内。

Finland is normally excluded

芬兰通常被排除在外，

because she used to be considered one of the Baltic sisters 語法

因为她曾被认为是波罗的海姐妹之一，

with her historical ties to mother Russia

与俄罗斯母亲有着历史渊源，

and Denmark, though on the other side of the sea,

而丹麦，尽管在海的另一边，

is included because of her relationship, it's complicated, with Sweden.

却因为她与瑞典（关系很复杂）的关系而被包含在内。

They've had something like 15 to 21 wars between them, 用詞

她们之间打过大概15到21次仗，

depending on how you want to count it. 語法

取决于你怎么算。

And it's complicated-er because they mostly fought over Norway. 講解

更复杂的是，她们主要是在争夺挪威。

And who wouldn't? 語氣意圖

谁不想呢？

She's beautiful and rich.

她又美又富有。

Anyway,

无论如何，

when outsiders say Scandinavia,

当外人说斯堪的纳维亚时，

they probably mean the Nordic countries.

他们可能指的是北欧国家（Nordic countries）。

That's these three plus Finland and Iceland.

也就是这三个国家加上芬兰和冰岛。

Though, you can hardly blame people for confusion 語氣意圖

不过，你很难责怪人们感到困惑，

when organizations like the American-Scandinavian Foundation

毕竟像American-Scandinavian Foundation这样的组织

lists everyone as members.

把所有人都列为成员。

And all the Nordic countries

而且所有的北欧国家

sometimes advertise abroad

有时在海外宣传时

under the banner of Scandinavia anyway. 習語

也会打着斯堪的纳维亚的旗号。

This is the Holland approach to international relations.

这就是国际关系中的“荷兰法则”。

If there's a fun name

如果有个有趣的名字，

that everyone likes and keeps using wrongly,

大家都喜欢还一直用错，

just go with it. 短語動詞

那就将错就错吧。

The Nordic countries get along well enough 講解

北欧国家相处得很融洽，

that they've made an official union,

他们建立了一个官方联盟，

the Nordic Council,

北欧理事会（Nordic Council），

a Viking cool kids club

这是一个维京酷小孩俱乐部，

that other Northern European places

其他北欧地区

occasionally unrealistically dream of joining.

偶尔也会不切实际地梦想加入。

Though, the Baltic sisters do get to sit with them, 語法

虽然波罗的海姐妹确实可以和他们坐在一起，

but not actually vote on anything.

但实际上对任何事情都没有投票权。

The Nordic Council is largely a collection of committees

北欧理事会在很大程度上是一个委员会的集合，

that tries to get its members 語法

试图让其成员

to cooperate on common problems

在共同问题上合作，

like the Arctic environment

比如北极环境，

and social welfare and business in the region

以及该地区的社会福利和商业，

and also finds time to make 短語搭配

并且还能抽出时间来制定

a surprisingly long and hilariously specific list

一份长得令人惊讶且极其详细的规定清单，

of rules for how their logo can be used,

规定他们的标志该如何使用，

including a respect distance,

包括一个保护距离，

the sovereignty of which 語法

其主权

must not be violated.

不容侵犯。

But the biggest deal of the Nordic Council 習語

但北欧理事会最重要的一点是，

is that citizens of these five countries

这五个国家的公民

get to live and work in any of the others, 語法

可以在其他任何国家生活和工作，

which, if you've seen the EU video,

如果你看过关于欧盟的视频，你就会知道，

adds yet another semi-overlapping bubble

这在一个原本就复杂的区域中

of complexity to an already complex region.

增加了一个半重叠的复杂气泡。

The immigration rule, however, doesn't apply to Icelandic horses, 短語搭配

然而，这项移民规则不适用于冰岛马，

which are one, super adorables, 用詞

第一，它们超级可爱，

and two, banished from returning to Iceland

第二，一旦它们离开冰岛，

should they ever leave. 語法

就会被终身禁止返回。

But that's a story for another time. 短語搭配

但那是另一个故事了。

Now, it wouldn't be a political union in Europe 語法

如今在欧洲，如果没有一些特殊的领土奇闻要提，

without some special territorial weirdness to mention.

那就不算是一个政治联盟了。

Mainly, Aland, an autonomous region of Finland 用詞

主要是Aland，芬兰的一个自治区，

that speaks Swedish,

说的是瑞典语，

and the Faroe Islands and Greenland,

还有法罗群岛（Faroe Islands）和格陵兰岛，

both countries in the Kingdom of Denmark.

两者都是丹麦王国境内的国家。

Greenland is really the odd girl out in the Nordic club, 習語

格陵兰岛在北欧俱乐部里绝对是个异类，

given that she's in the wrong hemisphere 語法

考虑到她身处错误的半球，

and that Greenlanders aren't historically or linguistically related to Nords.

而且格陵兰人在历史上或语言上都与北欧人无关。

Also, her flag ruins the otherwise consistent design motif. 用詞

另外，她的国旗破坏了原本一致的设计风格。

But she's part of Denmark because Vikings. 表達脈絡

但她属于丹麦，因为维京人。

Lastly, there's Svalbard,

最后，还有斯瓦尔巴群岛（Svalbard），

an unincorporated territory of Norway 用詞

挪威的一个未建制领地，

that must be mentioned because it has prepared for the apocalypse

必须提到它，因为它为了应对世界末日做好了准备，

with a seed bank of every plant to rebuild all of agriculture 用詞

建有一个包含所有植物的种子库，以便在必要时重建所有农业。

should it be necessary. 語法

以备不时之需。

And it's also guarded by armored bears.

此外，它还有全副武装的熊在守卫。

So, that's that. 習語

所以，事情就是这样。

Next time you say Scandinavia and you're not 100% sure who that includes,

下次你说斯堪的纳维亚，而你又不是100%确定它包括谁时，

just say the Nordic countries instead.

还是直接说北欧国家吧。