大流行病是如何传播的：英语精读讲义

在这段说明的开头，“an interconnected, an increasingly globalized world”的主要语篇作用是什么？

1. 它声称世界各地的文化完全相同。
2. 它精确列出了每一种国际旅行方式。
3. 它建立宽泛的全球背景，为后面的具体说明做准备。

阅读新句子：“Thanks to a navigation error, the ambulance arrived late.” 句首短语起什么作用？

1. 它表示对导航错误的真诚感谢。
2. 它表示尽管出现导航错误，救护车还是迟到了。
3. 它引出原因，而且因为结果不好，可能带有批评意味。

请用表示“仅仅几个小时内”的确切目标短语完成句子：The repair was finished ____.

在句子“Once a virus touches down,”中，touches down 是什么意思？

1. 病毒停止传播。
2. 病毒抵达某个地方。
3. 病毒真的碰到地面。

用目标句型补全句子，强调一件简单的事就足够：All ____ one clear sentence to avoid confusion.

hunter-gatherers 是什么意思？

1. 从事两个互不相关的现代职业的人
2. 主要种植作物和饲养牲畜的定居农民
3. 主要通过狩猎、捕鱼和采集野生资源获取食物的人

请用 large 和 sustain 补全 enough 结构：A village of fifty people was not ____ a full-time clinic.

请填入含 advent 的四词表达，用来引出一项重要技术的出现：____ satellite navigation, drivers could find unfamiliar addresses more easily.

哪句话使用 side-by-side 表示长期近距离共存？

1. The two communities met once at a national conference.
2. The two communities moved to opposite ends of the country.
3. The two communities have lived side-by-side for generations.

使用 facilitate 和名词 spread 补全表示结果的短语：The website promoted sensational posts, ____ misinformation.

请用表示“以许多不同的类型或形式存在”的表达完成句子：Online scams ____.

请用 strike 的过去式完成这句灾害报道：A powerful storm ____ the coast overnight.

用 force ... into 结构完成句子，并用 -ing 形式表示直接后果：The storm destroyed their homes, ____ hundreds of families ____ temporary shelters.

哪句话表示变化仅在短短几周内就发生了，而不是某种状态持续了几周？

1. Within weeks, the empty building became a busy clinic.
2. For weeks, the empty building served as a busy clinic.

请用 breeding grounds for 的单数形式补全句子：A poorly moderated forum can become ____ harmful rumors.

下面哪句话把 spread by mosquitoes 用作修饰 disease 的过去分词短语？

1. The disease spread by mosquitoes is common in tropical regions.
2. The disease is spreading quickly in many tropical regions.
3. Mosquitoes spread the disease in many tropical regions.

用 trigger 的 -ing 形式补全句子，表示结果：The software error blocked every payment, ____ hundreds of customer complaints.

用本课中表示“扩展到全球范围”的表达补全句子：After building a strong local audience, the podcast hopes to ____.

哪句话表示类似事件曾在整个人类历史的许多时期出现？

1. Similar events have appeared throughout human history.
2. Similar events have continued without a single break since human history began.
3. Similar events have appeared only at the start of human history.

哪句话中的 left scars on 使用了实际身体伤痕的含义？

1. The betrayal left scars on their friendship.
2. The storm left the windows open.
3. The injury left scars on her shoulder.

例句中的 while 起什么作用？

1. 它指出证据出现的确切时间。
2. 它把一种证据来源与另一种进行对比。
3. 它表示 DNA 是在另一件事发生期间保存下来的。

用目标表达的过去式完成句子：Despite the sample's age, the lab ____ the tooth.

在历史报道中，plague pit 指什么？

1. 用来储存药品的地下房间
2. 培养鼠疫细菌的实验室
3. 埋葬许多瘟疫死者的地点

在科学报道中，哪一项最符合 to reconstruct the genome 的含义？

1. 只研究一个基因而不推断更大的遗传序列
2. 根据不完整证据推断出整套遗传信息
3. 重建进行 DNA 检测的实体实验室

在英文句子 “The bacterium was responsible for the disease,” 中，responsible for 是什么意思？

1. 这种细菌为该疾病起了名字。
2. 这种细菌被安排去照看该疾病。
3. 这种细菌导致了该疾病。

例句中的 It is thought... 表达了什么态度？

1. 该起源说被呈现为一种普遍接受但仍不确定的观点。
2. 句子明确说出了形成这一观点的具体人员。
3. 作者表示该起源说是已经完全证实的事实。

本句中的 the Silk Road 指什么？

1. 一条只用于运输丝绸的现代公路。
2. 横跨欧亚大陆的历史贸易路线网络。
3. 一条只位于蒙古境内的街道。

请使用 run 的 -ing 形式以及表示起点的介词完成句子：They followed a trade route ____ Cairo to the coast.

请使用 complete 的过去完成时完成句子：By Friday, the team ____ all the safety checks.

用含有 excess、表示“超过”的三个词正式短语完成句子：The repairs will cost ____ two million dollars.

在“The rescue saved dozens of lives, earning the crew the title of local heroes,”中，-ing 分句表达什么？

1. 救援行动带来的结果
2. 支付给救援队的金额
3. 救援队在行动前的计划

把这个普通陈述改写成突出 Maya 的 it 强调句：Maya found the missing file. → ____ found the missing file.

请用 by far 和所需的冠词完成句子：Of all the routes, the express train is ____ fastest.

在句子“The virus is constantly circulating between the two campuses,”中，circulating 是什么意思？

1. 它完全不动地停留在一个地点。
2. 它沿着一个完全的圆形路线移动。
3. 它会在两个地点持续传播并一直存在。

哪一句使用 will have been + 过去分词，推断主语此前很可能已经被动接触过某物？

1. Given last year's outbreak, most local adults will have exposed others to the virus already.
2. During tomorrow's lab test, the sample will be exposed to high heat.
3. Given last year's outbreak, most local adults will have been exposed to the virus already.

用表示“大约”且放在时间段之后的表达完成句子：The batteries need replacing every three months ____.

使用本课的完整目标短语填空：After spreading to a new species, the virus may ____.

在句子“The two viruses exchange genes,”中，exchange genes 是什么意思？

1. 它们分享有关遗传学的研究成果。
2. 每种病毒都把遗传物质传给另一种病毒。
3. 两种病毒都失去了自己的全部基因。

用 be known as 的正确形式完成句子：This effect ____ the Doppler effect.

对于句子“This was the first recorded case in the town”，哪种理解最稳妥？

1. 这是该镇第一个被录音记录的病例。
2. 这肯定是该镇有史以来实际发生的第一例病例。
3. 现有记录表明，这是该镇最早有文献可查的病例。

哪句话自然地用时间段作主语，表示某项变化发生在这段时间内？

1. The following decade watched rapid growth in online learning.
2. The following decade looked at rapid growth in online learning.
3. The following decade saw rapid growth in online learning.

哪句话明确表示这项比较只以成本为评价标准？

1. In terms of cost, the second plan is more practical.
2. Despite its cost, the second plan is more practical.
3. Because it costs less, the second plan is more practical.

哪一个句子能自然表达“在新鲜面包方面，附近其他面包店都不如这家店”？

1. Of all the neighborhood bakeries, compare none with this one for fresh bread.
2. Of all the neighborhood bakeries, none can compare with this one for fresh bread.
3. Of all the neighborhood bakeries, none can compare this one with fresh bread.

哪一个句子正确使用了这一报告式框架，引出漏水最早出现的迹象？

1. The first indication of a leak came just after midnight.
2. The first indication of a leak traveled just after midnight.
3. The first indication to a leak came just after midnight.

选择最自然的医疗记录表达。

1. The patient complained severe chest pain.
2. The patient complained of severe chest pain.
3. The patient complained about severe chest pain.

哪一句中的 on parade 表示军事列队活动？

1. The soldiers were on parade when one of them collapsed.
2. The dancers were performing in a parade downtown.
3. The tourists were watching a parade when the rain began.

哪句话正确使用 prompting，表示前一事件引发了后续行动？

1. A chemical leak was discovered, prompting to an immediate evacuation of the building.
2. A chemical leak was discovered, prompting an immediate evacuation of the building.
3. A chemical leak was discovered, prompting that the building was evacuated.

在句子 'As one witness recalled, the room went completely silent.' 中，开头框架起什么作用？

1. 它把后面的信息归到一名目击者的回忆中。
2. 它表示房间与那名目击者相似。
3. 它表示那名目击者使房间安静下来。

哪个句子中的 admission 表示患者入院？

1. Her admission of guilt surprised everyone.
2. The patient was monitored closely after admission.
3. Admission to the museum is free on Sundays.

这里的 cyanosis extending from their ears and spreading all over the face 是什么意思？

1. 与低氧有关的青紫色临床体征正从耳部向脸部扩展，覆盖越来越大的范围。
2. 普通的蓝色脸部颜料正从耳部向外涂抹。
3. 这个人感到悲伤，而且这种情绪正在脸上扩散。

用 only a matter of + 时间段 + before 补全句子。使用 a few minutes：The oven is already hot, so it is ____ the bread starts to brown.

用表示“拼命设法呼吸”的生动名词短语补全句子：After inhaling thick smoke, every breath became ____.

用 en route 和表示目的地所需的介词完成行程更新：The relief convoy is ____ the flooded town.

哪一个句子自然地使用了 hemorrhage？

1. The marker hemorrhaged a thin red line across the paper.
2. The paper cut was hemorrhaging one tiny drop.
3. The patient was hemorrhaging after a major artery was damaged.

用 slick 和正确的介词完成句子：After the leak, the factory floor was ____ oil.

填入本课中表示“经正式批准暂时离岗”的两个词短语：The service member visited her parents while ____.

在这个句子中，introduced the flu to Dover 是什么意思？

1. 流感被带入了多佛。
2. 流感被正式介绍给了多佛。
3. 多佛的人们学会了流感的名称。

请用包含 where、表示“并从那里”的两个词关系结构完成句子：We reached the harbor, ____ we continued by ferry.

用表示“经历所有阶段后自然结束”的短语补全句子：The doctor expects the mild rash to ____ within a few days.

把 estimate 变为正确形式并加上冠词：____ 12,000 homes lost power during the storm.

用新闻中表示死亡人数的固定搭配完成句子：After the earthquake, the ____ rose to twelve.

But that was then. Today, 在这段话中起什么作用？

1. 它说明1918年和今天的情况基本相同。
2. 它从当前情境转回更早的历史示例。
3. 它结束历史示例，并引出一个形成对比的当代情境。

用表示“只用少得多的时间”的目标短语完成比较：The new scanner checks each bag ____ the old model needed.

哪一句正确使用了句末 -ing 短语来描述主语到达时的状态？

1. Nina arrived at practice feeling unwell.
2. Feeling unwell, the practice was canceled by Nina.
3. Nina arrived at practice felt unwell.

哪句话在公共卫生语境中正确使用了 harbor 和 animal-origin？

1. The research ship entered a harbor after collecting animal samples.
2. A patient may harbor an animal-origin virus without showing symptoms.
3. The family harbored an injured animal until a veterinarian arrived.

请用 Unknown to + person 结构补全句子：Noah left the library. ____, his phone was still on the desk.

请完成 be short for 结构：Lab is ____ laboratory.

使用 within + 时间 + of + -ing 完成句子，表达“不晚于新学期开始后的一周”：____ the new semester, Maya joined a club.

请用重点标出的四词时间短语完成句子：The treatment began on Monday. ____, the patient's condition steadily improved.

在航空语境中，这句话是什么意思：All flights were grounded because of the severe storm.

1. 每个航班都晚了二十分钟起飞。
2. 由于暴风雨，所有航班都不准起飞。
3. 这些航班被调往了不同的机场。

用 avert 的过去式完成句子：Quick action ____ a serious accident.

哪个句子设定了一个过去的终点，并说明结果在此前已经完成？

1. By the time the meeting was over, we had agreed on a budget.
2. When the meeting was over, we began discussing the budget.
3. We discussed the budget until the meeting was over.

用本课的正式让步短语完成句子：____ the climb was exhausting, everyone enjoyed the view.

用本课中表示“几乎无法采取有效行动”的准确短语完成句子：After the only backup was destroyed, there was ____ the lost data.

请填入准确的英文词组，表示“没有可靠证据的阴谋说法”：The article repeated several ____ about the power outage.

用 grind to a halt 的一般过去时完成句子：After the signal failure, rail service ____.

请用 add to 的过去式完成句子：The misleading headline ____ the panic.

哪一句正确使用 -ing 从句补充经济损失这一结果？

1. The software failure delayed every order, costing to the company thousands of dollars.
2. The software failure delayed every order, costed the company thousands of dollars.
3. The software failure delayed every order, costing the company thousands of dollars.

哪句话突出了从一个事件中得出的最重要教训？

1. After the outage, the team replaced two servers.
2. Above all, the outage was a reminder that backup systems need regular testing.
3. The outage happened late on Tuesday.

哪句话说明两者存在联系，但没有断言一个因素直接导致另一个因素？

1. The survey found that late-night screen use had no connection with sleep length.
2. The survey found that late-night screen use was associated with shorter sleep.
3. The survey proved that late-night screen use directly caused shorter sleep.

请使用本课中的准确修辞开场完成句子：____, it is that prevention is cheaper than repair.

哪一句中的 while 表示“尽管”，而不是“在……期间”？

1. While the problem may look minor, it could affect the entire network.
2. While the technician was checking the server, the screen went dark.
3. When the problem looked minor, the team ignored it.

使用带有 dramatic 的同等程度比较结构完成句子：The new law could have an impact ____ that of a major tax increase.

补全目标框架，先指出当今与过去不同，再说明具体内容：____ we can send warnings to millions of people within seconds.

使用 give someone the ability to do something 完成句子：New sensors give firefighters ____ detect smoke sooner.

使用 take action to mitigate 完成句子：Officials decided to ____ the impacts of flooding.

用一个能设定预防性时限的词完成句子：Call the plumber ____ the leak gets too serious.