预测衰老程度的3个最佳指标 - 尤利娅·伊尔哈娃：英语精读讲义

说话人先说：For trees, you can count their rings. 哪个续接项使用了同样自然的清单省略？

1. For fish, you can the rings on their scales.
2. For fish, count the rings on their scales you can.
3. For fish, the rings on their scales.

补全固定的主题引入表达：When it ____ online privacy, strong passwords matter.

请用 have yet to find 完成句子：After months of testing, engineers ____ a safe solution.

请用 anywhere near 完成比较：The basic camera isn't ____ as sharp as the professional one.

用 develop 的现在完成时形式完成句子，表示截至目前积累的进展：In the past ten years, engineers ____ safer batteries.

填入强调助动词，确认复数主语产生的影响：These small details ____ affect the final result.

哪一句中的 hold 表示“包含或编码信息”？

1. The shelf may hold even more boxes for the archive.
2. The committee may hold another meeting about the case.
3. The database may hold even more information about the case.

哪一项分析正确表示了高亮定义的结构？

1. 中心名词是 strands，而 repetitive 描述 DNA 所做的一个动作。
2. at the ends of DNA strands 是 telomeres 所做的另一个独立动作。
3. 中心名词是 sequences，repetitive 描述这些 sequences，而 at the ends of DNA strands 说明它们的位置。

请填入 protect A from doing B 结构所需的介词：A helmet protects your head ____ getting hurt.

哪个句子正确使用 each time 来描述反复出现的结果？

1. Each time detecting motion, the light turns on.
2. Each time the sensor detects motion, the light turns on.
3. Each time the sensor will detect motion, the light turns on.

哪句话明确表示某一部分通过切割从整体上被移除了？

1. A damaged section is cut off from the cable.
2. A damaged section is cut but stays attached to the cable.
3. A damaged section is folded against the cable.

请用突出显示的、表示逐渐累积的表达完成句子：Small daily expenses can ____.

哪句话把“过热”表述为会触发自动关机的临界点？

1. Once the battery gets too hot, the device shuts down.
2. If the battery gets too hot, the device might shut down.
3. One time the battery got too hot, the device shut down.

请使用 lose、与 the robot 对应的正确所有格词、ability 和 to 完成句子：After the damage, the robot may ____ move.

用 lead someone to do 的过去式结构补全句子，并使用 investigators 和 identify：The fingerprint evidence ____ the correct suspect.

哪一句使用了 albeit 最典型的简洁结构？

1. The design is attractive, albeit it expensive.
2. The design is attractive, albeit expensive.
3. The design is attractive, albeit but expensive.

哪句话用 as 把一个渐进变化作为另一个发展结果的背景？

1. As battery technology has improved, electric cars have traveled farther.
2. Because the battery was empty, the car stopped.
3. She works as an engineer for the car company.

使用 called 加上科学名称来完成句子：Plants exchange gases through tiny openings ____.

在这个科学句子中，DNA methylation 指什么？

1. 一种能够影响基因表达的 DNA 化学修饰。
2. 连接在基因上的实体开关。
3. 完整复制一个 DNA 分子的过程。

用本课所学的完整 on-and-off 短语补全句子：Some proteins can switch certain genes ____.

用 allow 的 -ing 形式完成结果分句：The update reduced loading time, ____ users to open the app more quickly.

在本句中，sites in the genome 是什么意思？

1. 开展基因组研究的建筑物
2. 提供遗传信息的网站
3. 基因组内的特定位置

哪句话以谨慎的方式描述了一个可能存在例外的普遍趋势？

1. These batteries tend to last longer in cool rooms.
2. These batteries always last longer in cool rooms.
3. One battery lasted longer in a cool room yesterday.

哪句话明确表示某种模式已经被观察到，但其原因尚未确定？

1. The pattern has been observed, but the reason for this is still unknown.
2. The pattern has not been observed, so there is nothing to explain.
3. The study has confirmed the exact reason for the pattern.

一份报告写道：Headaches may be associated with lack of sleep. 哪一种解释是准确的？

1. 该报告说头痛与睡眠毫无关联。
2. 睡眠较少的人可能更容易头痛，但这句话不能证明睡眠不足导致了头痛。
3. 该报告证明睡眠不足会导致每一次头痛。

请完成 caused by ... during ... 结构：The delay may have been ____ equipment failure ____ the safety test.

用 by + follow 的 -ing 形式完成句子：____ the instructions carefully, Leo assembled the shelf correctly.

哪句话以中性方式表示工程师自己使用 thermal shield 这个名称？

1. The engineers built what they call a thermal shield.
2. The engineers built what is called a thermal shield.
3. The engineers built a so-called thermal shield.

请用句型 A way ... is through ... 中连接前后内容的两个单词补全句子：A third way schools can save energy ____ better insulation.

哪句话表示传感器是构成警报系统的部件之一？

1. The sensor is stored beside the alarm system.
2. The sensor is important to the alarm system.
3. The sensor is an important component of the alarm system.

哪一句先描述上升，再描述后续条件完成后的下降？

1. The pressure rises while the system cools and stays high afterward.
2. The pressure falls when the pump starts, then rises once the system has cooled.
3. The pressure rises when the pump starts, then falls once the system has cooled.

请用 result in 的 -ing 形式补全因果句：The pipe burst, ____ serious water damage.

在这句话中，inflammaging 指的是什么？

1. 随着年龄增长，炎症完全消失。
2. 一种测量生物年龄的设备。
3. 与衰老相关的慢性低度炎症。

用目标短语补全这一谨慎解释：The sudden drop in battery life ____ a software update.

哪个意思最符合 repeated encounters with pathogens and other stressors？

1. 反复讨论情绪上的担忧
2. 反复与医生见面讨论压力
3. 反复接触致病因子和其他造成负担的来源

cellular senescence 在这个句子中是什么意思？

1. 细胞进入稳定且不再分裂的状态的生物过程
2. 细胞在身体内的正常移动
3. 让细胞更快分裂的方法

哪句话描述了细胞产生并分泌某种物质？

1. Researchers keep some chemical formulas secret.
2. Certain immune cells absorb chemical signals from their surroundings.
3. Certain immune cells secrete chemical signals.

哪句话用 while 先承认一个优点，再指出限制？

1. While the test is running, the screen stays blue.
2. While the test is useful, it cannot predict every result.
3. Because the test is useful, we use it every day.

选择正确使用 be best at + -ing 说明最强功能，并使用 something called ... 引入术语的句子。

1. This telescope best at finding something call an exoplanet.
2. This telescope is best at finding something called an exoplanet.
3. This telescope is best at find something called an exoplanet.

哪一种理解符合这个定义完整的三部分结构？

1. 这个定义说生物年龄只是已经生活的年数。
2. 这个定义只包括身体运转得有多好。
3. 这个定义包括身体功能、累积损伤和总体健康风险。

这句话中的时钟隐喻是什么意思？

1. 不同人的身体可能以不同速度发生生物学衰老。
2. 真实的时钟会因使用者不同而以不同速度运行。
3. 人变老后，日历时间会慢下来。

按顺序使用 due to 和 as well as 完成句子：The flight was delayed ____ fog, ____ a mechanical problem.

哪句话中的 age 是动词，表示随时间变老或老化？

1. These two materials are the same age.
2. These two materials age at different rates.
3. The age of these two materials is unknown.

用表示“尚未完成、仍在改进”的习语完成句子：The robot is working, but it is still ____.

请选择正确使用 recommend against 的句子。

1. Doctors recommend against taking this medicine without guidance.
2. Doctors recommend against take this medicine without guidance.
3. Doctors recommend against to take this medicine without guidance.

请选择最准确说明原句两个分句之间关系的选项。

1. 在价值和准确性变得明确之前，这些检测无法获得。
2. 这些检测可以买到，但这并不能证明它们有用或准确。
3. 这些检测既然能在市场上销售，就一定有用而且准确。

请补全目标表达：This forecasting method ____ the regional level when data from many cities are combined.

在句子 “We moved the game indoors, as a storm was approaching,” 中，as 起什么作用？

1. 它说明了把比赛移到室内的原因。
2. 它表示比赛与暴风雨之间的对比。
3. 它只是说明两件事同时发生。

如果某人具有 accelerated biological age，哪项解释最准确？

1. 他们的生物衰老速度似乎比其实际年龄所对应的预期更快。
2. 他们病历中的出生日期发生了变化。
3. 他们突然多经历了几个日历年。

请用目标中的准确时钟隐喻补全递进关系：Researchers hope to ____ or even ____ these biological clocks.

哪一种理解最准确地体现了这句话如何限制结论？

1. 它表示这些尝试直到最近都很成功。
2. 它表示每一次尝试都已彻底失败，而且以后也永远不会成功。
3. 它表示截至目前的结果大多不理想，但仍保留未来成功的可能。

请用一个三个单词的英语短语完成句子，该短语表示“可能是某个问题的原因”：The outdated software may be ____ the login errors.

哪一种解释最符合本句中 neutral markers of other processes 的含义？

1. 它们是保护身体免受衰老影响的有益迹象。
2. 它们已被证明会直接造成衰老。
3. 它们可能反映身体内的其他过程，但本身并不造成衰老。

哪一项最准确地解释了这组延展的“语言”隐喻？

1. 研究人员已能识别一些衰老迹象，但还没有完全理解它们背后的系统。
2. 研究人员已经发现了控制衰老的所有规律。
3. 研究人员正在为老年人开发一种口语。

请用表示“还需要更多进展”的目标习语完成句子：The new reading program is helping, but we ____ before every child gets the support they need.