你的大脑会被黑客入侵吗？：英语精读讲义

We all feel in control of our actions and thoughts. 短語搭配

我们都觉得，自己的行为和思想尽在掌控之中。

It's what defines us. 語法

正是这一点定义了我们是谁。

But as biology and technology begin to intertwine,

但随着生物学与科技开始交织，

the question remains, 表達脈絡

问题依然存在：

could your brain be hacked?

你的大脑会不会被黑客入侵？

The truth is,

事实是，

the brain is an electrical device.

大脑是一个电气装置。

And because of this,

正因如此，

we can interface it to our own electronic devices. 用詞

我们可以把它连接到自己的电子设备上。

In fact,

事实上，

hundreds of thousands of people are already taking advantage of this with cochlear implants, 講解

已经有数十万人借助人工耳蜗利用了这一点，

a type of hearing aid which mimics sound to the brain through electrical impulses.

这是一种通过电脉冲在大脑中模拟声音的助听装置。

However,

然而，

electricity isn't exactly precise.

电流其实没有那么精准。

It ends up spreading signals across many neurons in the brain. 短語動詞

它最终会让信号扩散到大脑中的许多神经元。

And in the case of hearing, 短語搭配

就听觉而言，

this can make the signal muddy or blurry. 用詞

这会让信号变得浑浊或模糊。

To solve this problem,

为了解决这个问题，

researchers have found a way to use light,

研究人员找到了一种利用光线的方法，

which you can aim and is much more precise,

光线可以定向照射，而且精准得多，

to stimulate the desired parts of the brain.

从而刺激大脑中的目标区域。

And it's this light that may be the key to very specific control over the brain. 語法

而这种光，或许正是实现对大脑极其精准控制的关键。

But first,

但首先，

these cells must somehow learn how to use light as an input source.

必须设法让这些细胞学会把光作为输入信号。

As crazy as it may seem, 語法

尽管这听起来很疯狂，

a harmless non-reproducing virus is used to insert genes into the desired neurons or brain cells. 語法

研究人员会利用一种无害且无法繁殖的病毒，把基因植入目标神经元或脑细胞中。

These genes are taken from other organisms that use light to survive,

这些基因取自其他依靠光生存的生物，

such as algae.

例如藻类。

Surprisingly,

令人惊讶的是，

we use the same genetic and cellular mechanisms as them.

我们使用的遗传和细胞机制与它们相同。

So if you take DNA from one and insert it in another, 語法

所以，如果从一种生物中提取DNA，再植入另一种生物，

it still works.

它仍然可以发挥作用。

These genes encode for proteins that allow the neuron or brain cell to act as a solar cell. 習語

这些基因会编码出能让神经元或脑细胞像太阳能电池一样运作的蛋白质。

As a result,

因此，

they react to incoming light and convert it to an electrical signal

这些细胞会对照射进来的光产生反应，并将其转化为电信号，

while cells without the new DNA remain unreactive.

而没有新DNA的细胞则不会作出反应。

All we need now is an optical source to shine light on these neurons when we want them activated. 講解

现在，我们只需要一个光源，在想激活这些神经元时照亮它们。

Create this setup within the reward systems of the brain 語法

把这套装置接入大脑的奖赏系统，

and you could make someone happy with the push of a button. 短語搭配

只需按下按钮，就能让一个人感到快乐。

Stick it into the motor cortex 文化背景

把它放进运动皮层，

and you could control parts of movement.

你就能控制部分身体运动。

And this is exactly what scientists have done.

而科学家确实已经这样做了。

This mouse has fiber optic cables wired into its right motor cortex,

这只小鼠的右侧运动皮层中接入了光纤，

which controls movement to the left.

该区域控制身体左侧的运动。

As soon as the light is shone into its altered solar panel neurons,

光线一照到它那些经过改造、如同太阳能板般的神经元上，

it cannot help but run to the left. 語法

它就会不由自主地向左跑。

Its thoughts and actions have been hacked. 習語

它的思想和行为都被“黑”了。

So, what happens when we begin to stick technology into our brains?

那么，当我们开始把科技植入大脑时，会发生什么？

On the one hand, 表達脈絡

一方面，

it may open the doors to managing physically debilitating diseases, 習語

它或许能打开治疗之门，帮助我们应对严重损害身体机能的疾病、

personality disorders or even conditions such as depression.

人格障碍，甚至抑郁症等病症。

Turn on or off the necessary cells and voila. 講解

只要激活或关闭相应的细胞，就大功告成了。

Heck, the average person may be able to integrate this technology in order to augment their vision

说不定，普通人也能将这项技术融入自身，以增强视力，

or play video games in their mind.

或直接在脑海中玩电子游戏。

And as we begin to understand the intricacies of the brain,

随着我们开始了解大脑复杂的运作机制，

which regions specifically control which actions and thoughts,

弄清究竟哪些区域控制哪些行为和思想，

this technology will bear even more significance.

这项技术将变得更加重要。

However, the ethical concerns and risks lurk quietly around the corner. 習語

然而，伦理隐忧和风险也在不远处悄然潜伏。

So, knowing that your brain could be hacked,

所以，既然知道你的大脑可能被黑客入侵，

would you want this technology in your brain?

你还会想把这项技术植入大脑吗？

Don't forget AsapScience now has t-shirts in both white and black.

别忘了，AsapScience现在有白色和黑色T恤了。

Links are in the description.

链接就在视频简介里。

And if you want the inside scoop on upcoming episode ideas and behind the scenes, 習語

如果你想提前了解未来的节目创意和幕后花絮，

check out our personal Instagram and Twitter handles. 用詞

就去看看我们的个人Instagram和Twitter账号吧。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos.

也请订阅我们，观看每周更新的科学视频。