为什么你的手机不该有“万能钥匙”：英语精读讲义

Hello internet.

互联网的各位，大家好。

We need to talk about locks, 短語搭配

我们需要谈谈锁，

the physical and the digital.

物理的和数字的。

In the physical world,

在物理世界中，

locks aren't as good as you think they are. 語法

锁并没有你想象的那么好。

The lock on your door stops worries not burglars, 表達脈絡

你门上的锁只能挡住担忧，挡不住窃贼，

as two minutes of searching will reveal.

只要搜索两分钟你就会发现这一点。

Spend more, get more,

花钱越多，锁越好，

but all fail with tools and time enough. 語法

但在足够的工具和时间面前都会失效。

That physical locks are bad at locking mostly doesn't matter in normal life

物理锁在防盗方面表现不佳，在日常生活中通常无关紧要，

because burglars are constrained by the physical world. 短語搭配

因为窃贼受限于物理世界。

A burglar must cruise the neighborhood spending their time to pick a target

窃贼必须在街区里游荡，花时间挑选目标，

which makes a house that looks secure most of the way toward being secure. 短語搭配

这使得看起来安全的房子在很大程度上就足够安全了。

Each target house can then only be attacked one at a time

并且每个目标房屋一次只能被攻击一处，

and comes with a risk of being physically caught in the act. 習語

还伴随着被当场抓获的物理风险。

But digital is different.

但数字世界不同。

The constraints of the physical no longer apply.

物理世界的限制不再适用。

On the internet, a digital lock must protect you from not just the neighborhood burglar, 語法

在互联网上，数字锁不仅要保护你免受附近窃贼的侵害，

but all burglars everywhere.

还要防范世界各地的所有窃贼。

For on the internet,

因为在互联网上，

there's no such thing as distance. 短語搭配

距离根本不存在。

Internet burglars don't crack digital locks personally, 用詞

互联网窃贼不会亲自去撬数字锁，

they build burglar bots that try millions of combinations just to see what opens.

他们制造盗窃机器人，尝试数以百万计的组合，看看能打开什么。

One lock down the street or a country-full on the other side of the world, 表達脈絡

不管是街头的一把锁，还是地球另一端整个国家的锁，

it's all the same.

都完全一样。

Actually,

事实上，

other side of the world is better.

地球另一边甚至更好。

A dude in East-whatever-landia stealing your identity

一个在东某某国窃取你身份的家伙

has a near-zero chance of getting caught.

被抓住的几率几乎为零。

This is bad news,

这是个坏消息，

but thanks to mathematics,

但感谢数学，

digital locks can be made unbreakable.

我们可以制造出无法破解的数字锁。

This is encryption,

这就是加密，

a digital lock that without the password, 語法

一种没有密码

cannot be opened.

就无法打开的数字锁。

Burglar bots will plow through all the possibilities, 短語動詞

盗窃机器人会穷举所有的可能性，

but a secure password will take longer than the heat death of the universe 語法

但要猜出一个安全的密码，花的时间会比宇宙热寂还要长

to guess.

去猜测。

No password, 語法

没有密码，

no entry,

就无法进入，

no matter how much of a l33t hacker your mom is. 文化背景

不管你老妈是个多么牛逼的黑客。

Your private files stay private,

你的私人文件将保持私密，

which might just be the greatest social good

这可能恰恰是数学给人类带来的

mathematics has done mankind.

最大的社会福祉。

But it's easy to imagine unbreakable digital locks

但我们很容易想象坚不可摧的数字锁

as bad news.

是个坏消息。

Maximum lazy ticking time bomb, 習語

比如极度老套的定时炸弹桥段，

the location and off-code of which are locked on the phone of a dead man.

它的位置和解除密码锁在了一个死人的手机里。

Now,

现在，

were the information on a piece of paper in a safe room, 語法

如果这些信息写在安全屋里的一张纸上，

no problem.

那没问题。

In the physical world,

在物理世界中，

if you can't crack the lock, 表達脈絡

如果你撬不开锁，

then you crack the wall.

你可以砸开墙。

Society agrees under this scenario,

社会在这种情况下的共识是，

it's reasonable for police to get in no matter what it takes. 習語

无论采取什么手段，警察进去都是合理的。

Note,

注意，

this means real-world locks aren't just physically weak, 表達脈絡

这意味着现实世界的锁不仅物理上脆弱，

but also legally weak.

法律上也很脆弱。

We could live in a world with privacy laws

我们本可以生活在一个有隐私法的世界里，

that forbade police to break into all locks, 講解

禁止警察破坏所有的锁，

no matter how flimsy,

无论它多么脆弱，

but we don't because that'd be dumb.

但我们没有这样做，因为那太愚蠢了。

Hmm.

嗯。

This is where gears turn in government heads. 習語

这就是政府脑子里的齿轮开始转动的地方。

If digital locks are physically invulnerable, 表達脈絡

如果数字锁在物理上坚不可摧，

maybe they can be made legally vulnerable.

也许可以使它们在法律上变得脆弱。

To require digital locks be built with a keyhole 語法

要求数字锁必须带有一个钥匙孔，

for which police have the key.

而警察拥有这把钥匙。

Highly secure,

高度安全，

top secret for emergencies only,

绝对机密，仅限紧急情况使用，

surely. 語氣意圖

当然啦。

This legal vulnerability

这种法律上的漏洞，

to ban citizens from owning perfect digital locks, 語法

禁止公民拥有完美的数字锁，

to require companies manufacture their devices with keyholes,

要求公司在制造设备时预留钥匙孔，

is an idea that many many governments are interested in.

是许多许多政府都感兴趣的主意。

And governments point out that a warrant which lets police into your house 講解

并且政府指出，既然搜查令能让警察进入你的房子

and into your papers should let police into your phone.

和查阅你的文件，也应该让警察进入你的手机。

If your home is your castle, 文化背景

如果你的家是你的城堡，

but the need pressing enough,

但如果有足够迫切的需求，

the police bring a battering ram.

警察就会带着破门槌来。

But there's no battering ram to crack open a well-locked phone 短語動詞

但没有破门槌可以撬开一部锁得很好的手机

to comply with a warrant, 短語搭配

来执行搜查令，

not helpfully anyway,

至少没有什么好办法，

which is a problem.

这就是个问题了。

Again,

再说一遍，

we all ideally want police to crack digital locks sometimes,

我们都理想地希望警察有时能破解数字锁，

but at our current level on the tech tree, 文化背景

但在我们科技树目前的水平上，

digital locks that cannot be opened

无法打开的数字锁

are a thing that exists.

是切实存在的东西。

And because they are made of math, 習語

而且因为它们是由数学构成的，

something a skilled coder can build at home,

是一个熟练的程序员可以在家里写出来的东西，

trying to ban digital locks for everyone

试图对所有人颁布数字锁禁令，

is pretty close to trying to ban an idea. 習語

非常接近于试图禁止一种思想。

Good luck with that. 語氣意圖

祝你好运。

But even were it possible to successfully ban perfect digital locks 語法

但即使在一个国家里

in a country,

有可能成功禁止完美的数字锁，

remember,

请记住，

on the internet,

在互联网上，

there's no such thing as distance.

距离根本不存在。

Even if your government is a Xanadu bureaucracy 文化背景

即使你的政府是一个世外桃源般的官僚机构，

of the seraphim incorruptible,

由廉洁奉公的天使组成，

there are demons elsewhere.

其他地方也有恶魔。

Unbreakable digital locks are the foundation 習語

坚不可摧的数字锁是基石，

upon which computing and Internet-ing is built.

计算和互联网的运作都建立在此之上。

Banking,

银行业务，

buying,

在线购物，

blogging,

写博客，

vlogging,

拍视频博客，

gaming,

玩游戏，

tweeting,

发推文，

beating,

对战，

meeting,

开会，

all of this is possible because of unbreakable digital locks.

所有这些之所以可能，都是因为坚不可摧的数字锁。

They've existed since computers filled rooms, 表達脈絡

早在计算机占满整个房间时，它们就已经存在了，

but now with computers in our pockets,

但现在，当我们口袋里就装着电脑时，

we rely on those locks to protect the content of our lives, 表達脈絡

我们依赖这些锁来保护我们生活的内容，

the content of our minds.

和我们思想的内容。

Forced weakness,

强制性的弱点，

even with the best of intentions, 短語搭配

即使是出于好意，

places everyone in danger.

也会把每个人都置于危险之中。

The nature of a keyhole is to be cracked, 表達脈絡

钥匙孔的本质就是要被破解的，

and the nature of the internet is to bring demons to the door.

而互联网的本质就是将恶魔带到你的门前。

No matter how much we might wish it,

无论我们多么希望如此，

there's no way to build a digital lock that only angels can open 講解

也不可能建造出一种只有天使能打开，

and demons cannot.

而恶魔打不开的数字锁。

Anyone saying otherwise is either ignorant of the mathematics

任何说可以的人要么是不懂数学，

or less of an angel than they appear. 習語

要么就是不如他们表面看起来那么像天使。