离婚:为什么会发生?⏲️ 6分钟英语:英语精读讲义

BBC Learning English

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视频简介:节目比较不同地区离婚率的变化,说明伴侣如何因人生处境改变而渐行渐远,并探讨中国实行的30天冷静期能否阻止分手,还是改善沟通更有效。 主要英语知识点: 1. the trend has reversed, — 固定表达与搭配:学会说明原本上升或下降的趋势已经转向。这个简洁搭配适合解读统计数据、比较不同时期的离婚走势,也能自然迁移到社会、经济和商业数据的描述中。 2. and although their relationship started well, over time — 语篇、叙事与修辞:识别如何先承认关系有良好开端,再推进到后来逐渐发生的变化。你可以用这种顺序讲述关系、职业、项目或观点的演变,避免把最终的困难说成突然出现的事件。 3. cooling-off period. — 词义与语域:理解它是采取下一步行动前由制度规定的暂停期。你能在伴侣冲突、法律或劳资谈判以及消费者合同中识别并使用这个术语,表达当事人获得时间重新考虑决定或化解分歧。

本篇讲解

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

0:00

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的《6分钟英语》。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

0:07

大家好,这里是 BBC 英语教学的《6分钟英语》。

I'm Phil.

0:10

我是 Phil。

And I'm Georgie.

0:11

我是 Georgie。

In the words of a famous 1960s pop song, 表達脈絡

0:13

正如一首著名的20世纪60年代流行歌曲所唱的那样,

breaking up is hard to do. 短語動詞

0:16

“分手是件难事”。

表達脈絡

In the words of...:用于引出引语

In the words of + 来源 用来引出借用自某个人、歌曲、书籍或其他出处的话。它先标明来源,再给出引语或明显呼应原文的表达,从而组织句子信息。 这里的来源是一首著名的20世纪60年代流行歌曲。这个短语表示“借用这首歌中的话来说”,不是指位于“词语里面”的实际位置。

练习

用本课短语完成引语:____ my coach, "Small steps lead to big changes."

查看答案

In the words of

短語動詞

breaking up:结束恋爱关系

在恋爱关系的语境中,break up 表示结束一段恋爱关系。这里的 breaking up 指一对伴侣分开的这件事,不是指把某个物体弄碎。 从语法上说,breaking up 是这个短语动词的 -ing 形式,整个短语在 breaking up is hard to do 中作主语。

练习

哪个句子中的 breaking up 表示结束恋爱关系?

  1. The phone signal is breaking up inside the tunnel.
  2. Maya and Alex are breaking up after five years together.
  3. The crowd is breaking up after the concert.
查看答案

Maya and Alex are breaking up after five years together.

Divorce,

0:19

离婚,

when a married couple who no longer want to be together separate, 語法

0:19

也就是不再想在一起的已婚夫妇分开,

語法

no longer want to be together:过去的状态现在已经结束

no longer want to be together 表示这对夫妻以前想继续在一起,但现在这种意愿已经消失。no longer 标记从过去状态到现在的变化;这里改变的是他们当前的意愿,并不是说明这段关系持续了多久。 和普通动词连用时,no longer 通常放在动词前:They no longer live here. 当 be 是主要动词时,no longer 放在 be 后:They are no longer together.

练习

用表示“过去的情况现在已经结束”的两个英文单词完成句子:I ____ take the bus to work.

查看答案

no longer

can be one of life's toughest experiences. 語法

0:24

可能是人生中最艰难的经历之一。

語法

one of life's toughest experiences:one of + 最高级 + 复数名词

在 one of life's toughest experiences 中,one of 从“人生中最艰难的经历”这一较大的群体里选出其中一个。这个短语把该经历描述为极其艰难,但并不是说它是唯一艰难的经历,也不一定是绝对最艰难的那一个。 one of 后面的可数名词要用复数:experiences,而不是 experience。比较范围可以用 the,如 one of the toughest experiences;也可以用所有格,如原句中的 life's。

练习

哪个句子正确使用了 one of + 最高级 + 复数可数名词的结构?

  1. That was one of the most exciting game this season.
  2. That was one of the most exciting games this season.
  3. That was one of the more exciting games this season.
查看答案

That was one of the most exciting games this season.

During the 1990s,

0:26

在20世纪90年代,

divorce rates in Europe and America were the highest in the world,

0:28

欧洲和美国的离婚率是世界上最高的,

with almost half of all marriages ending in divorce. 語法

0:32

几乎有一半的婚姻以离婚告终。

語法

with almost half of all marriages ending in divorce:用 with + 名词短语 + -ing 补充信息

with + 名词短语 + -ing 这一结构接在完整主句后,补充与主句相关的情况或结果。这里 almost half of all marriages 是 ending 的逻辑主语,因此整个 with 结构具体说明了离婚率有多高。 ending 是 with 结构中的分词,不是第二个限定动词。主句已经有 were。这个结构可以把主要事实和简洁的佐证细节合并在一句话中。

练习

哪句话正确使用了 with + 名词短语 + -ing 来补充佐证细节?

  1. Sales rose sharply, with online orders were growing the fastest.
  2. Sales rose sharply, with online orders growing the fastest.
  3. Sales rose sharply, with online orders grew the fastest.
查看答案

Sales rose sharply, with online orders growing the fastest.

But since then,

0:35

但从那时起,

the trend has reversed, 短語搭配

0:36

这种趋势发生了逆转,

and divorce rates in the West have slowed.

0:38

西方国家的离婚率已经放缓。

短語搭配

the trend has reversed:趋势已经逆转

the trend has reversed 表示一种趋势转向了相反方向,例如上升转为下降,或下降转为增长。这里的 reverse 描述数据或事件的发展方向,不是指车辆倒车。 现在完成时 has reversed 表明这次转变发生在过去某个时间之后,而且与当前情况有关。

练习

请用表示“方向变为相反方向”的目标表达补全句子:After months of falling demand, ____, and orders are now rising.

查看答案

the trend has reversed

Meanwhile, however, 表達脈絡

0:41

然而,与此同时,

the number of couples divorcing in other parts of the world is on the rise. 短語搭配

0:42

世界其他地区离婚夫妇的数量却在上升。

表達脈絡

用 Meanwhile, however, 引出同一时期的对比

Meanwhile 把注意力转向大致同一时期发生的另一种情况。这里,它把话题从前面讨论的某个地区的趋势转到其他地区的趋势。 However 表示转折。两者合用时,Meanwhile, however, 提醒读者观察同一时期的另一面,并注意那里的趋势有所不同。它在组织对比;这里的 meanwhile 不只是表示时间上的“同时”。

练习

Online sales were slowing in the north. 哪个续句最适合转向同一时期的另一个地区,并指出相反的趋势?

  1. Meanwhile, however, they were growing rapidly in the south.
  2. For example, they were growing rapidly in the south.
  3. As a result, they were growing rapidly in the south.
查看答案

Meanwhile, however, they were growing rapidly in the south.

短語搭配

用 is on the rise 描述上升趋势

Be on the rise 是一个固定表达,表示“正在上升”或“变得越来越常见”。在 on 后面,rise 是名词,因此整个短语描述的是上升趋势,而不是物体所处的位置。 原句的语法主语是 the number,它是单数,所以使用 is:the number ... is on the rise。主语为复数时,be 要相应变化:Prices are on the rise.

练习

用表示“呈上升趋势”的固定短语完成句子:Demand for electric bikes ____.

查看答案

is on the rise

In this program,

0:46

在本期节目中,

we'll be hearing how divorce is talked about in different countries. 語法

0:47

我们将听到不同国家是如何谈论离婚的。

語法

how divorce is talked about:how 引导的被动间接问句

这里的 how divorce is talked about 是一个嵌入式(间接)问句,意思是“人们谈论离婚的方式”。整个从句作 hearing 的宾语。 divorce 是动作的承受者,因此从句使用被动语态 is talked about。how 引导嵌入式问句时要用陈述句语序:how + 主语 + be + 过去分词,不能使用 how is divorce talked about 这样的直接问句语序。

练习

哪一句正确使用了 how 间接问句,表达“报告说明学校讨论这个问题的方式”?

  1. The report explains how does the issue discuss in schools.
  2. The report explains how is the issue discussed in schools.
  3. The report explains how the issue is discussed in schools.
查看答案

The report explains how the issue is discussed in schools.

And as usual,

0:51

和往常一样,

we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary.

0:52

我们将学习一些实用的新词汇。

But first,

0:55

但首先,

I have a question for you, Georgie.

0:56

我有一个问题要问你,Georgie。

In Britain,

0:59

在英国,

one day of the year in particular

1:00

每年特定的一天

is known by divorce lawyers and relationship counselors 語法

1:02

被离婚律师和情感咨询师称为

as Divorce Day.

1:05

离婚日。

語法

is known by ... as Divorce Day:某个特定群体使用的名称

这里,is known by divorce lawyers and relationship counselors as Divorce Day 表示这些专业人士知道这个日子,并用 Divorce Day 这个名称来指它。在被动结构中,by 引出使用或认可该标签的群体,as 引出标签本身。 表示名称的基本结构是 be known as + 名称或身份。如果需要说明谁使用这个名称,可以加上 by 短语:事物 + be known by + 群体 + as + 名称。

练习

请用 be known by ... as ... 完成句子:The small beach ____ local surfers ____ Turtle Cove.

查看答案

is known by · as

But which day is it?

1:07

但是,是哪一天呢?

A,

1:09

A,

Christmas Day.

1:10

圣诞节。

B,

1:11

B,

the first Monday of the New Year.

1:12

新年的第一个星期一。

Or C,

1:15

还是 C,

Midsummer's Day,

1:15

仲夏节,

the 24th of June.

1:16

6月24日。

Um I think Divorce Day is the first Monday of the year.

1:18

嗯,我认为离婚日是新年的第一个星期一。

Okay, Georgie.

1:22

好的,Georgie。

We'll find out if that's the correct answer later in the program.

1:23

我们将在节目稍后看看这是否是正确答案。

Getting married very young

1:28

结婚太早

and differences between partners' backgrounds or interests

1:30

以及伴侣间背景或兴趣的差异

are two common causes for couples to grow apart. 短語動詞

1:33

是导致夫妻关系疏远的两个常见原因。

短語動詞

grow apart:随着时间逐渐疏远

grow apart 表示两个人在感情上逐渐不再亲近,常常是因为他们的兴趣、经历或生活朝不同方向发展。在本句中,它描述的是夫妻关系可能发生的一种长期变化。 这里的 grow 强调一个随时间发生的过程,并不是指身体长大。两个人即使没有明显争吵、正式分居,也没有完全断绝联系,仍可能 grow apart。

练习

哪句话表示两个人的关系逐渐变得不再亲近,但没有说明他们正式结束了关系?

  1. Over the years, Maya and Lena grew apart.
  2. After the conversation, Maya and Lena broke up.
  3. Maya and Lena separated and moved into different homes.
查看答案

Over the years, Maya and Lena grew apart.

Today,

1:37

如今,

Marina Adshade is a professor at the University of British Columbia,

1:37

Marina Adshade 是英属哥伦比亚大学的一名教授,

who studies the economics of sex and relationships.

1:42

她专门研究性与关系的经济学。

But her life has a very different beginning,

1:45

但她的人生却有着截然不同的开端,

as she told BBC World Service program The Global Story.

1:48

正如她在 BBC 世界台节目《The Global Story》中所讲的那样。

I married really young.

1:53

我结婚非常早。

I had no education.

1:54

我没有受过教育。

I married somebody who was older than me, 語法

1:56

我嫁给了一个比我年纪大、

who had a lot of education,

1:58

受过良好教育的人,

and our relationship worked well for a while.

1:59

我们的关系在一段时间内还不错。

語法

somebody who..., who...:两个从句描述同一个人

两个 who 从句都描述同一个先行词 somebody。第一个说明这个人比说话者年长;第二个补充说明同一个人受过很多教育。第二个 who 并没有引入一个新人物。 重复使用 who,可以把另一个事实直接补充到前面已经提到的人物之后。这里的逗号表示第二个从句是附加信息,但 who 指的仍然是 somebody。

练习

哪句话用两个 who 从句补充同一个人的两条信息?

  1. We interviewed a scientist while a writer created books for children.
  2. We interviewed a scientist who studies coral reefs, who also writes books for children.
  3. We interviewed a scientist who studies coral reefs and a writer who creates books for children.
查看答案

We interviewed a scientist who studies coral reefs, who also writes books for children.

Um and then in my late 20s, 用詞

2:03

嗯,然后在快30岁的时候,

I decided to go back to school. 短語搭配

2:04

我决定重返校园。

用詞

in my late 20s:大致的年龄范围

in my late 20s 表示说话者处于20至29岁这个年龄段的后半段,大致是27至29岁。它给出的是范围,不是确切年龄;late 表示这个十岁年龄段的后期。 结构是 in + 所有格限定词 + early/mid/late + 复数形式的十岁年龄段,例如 in her early 30s。这里的 my 表明这个年龄范围属于说话者。

练习

使用 in + 所有格限定词 + late + 20s 结构完成句子:He moved abroad ____.

查看答案

in his late 20s

短語搭配

go back to school:重新接受正规教育

go back to school 在这里表示离开学校一段时间后重新接受正规教育。重点是再次成为学习者或继续学业,而不只是回到学校建筑物。 在这种表示机构活动的用法中,school 前通常不加冠词。具体是哪个教育阶段由上下文决定,因此可以指大学、学院或其他正规课程。

练习

用 go back to school 完成句子:After working in retail for eight years, Omar decided to ____ and train as a nurse.

查看答案

go back to school

I no longer wanted to be a stay-at-home mother, 用詞

2:06

我不再想当全职妈妈了,

which was what I was doing in my 20s.

2:08

这也是我20多岁时一直在做的事。

用詞

stay-at-home mother:持续承担居家照护角色的母亲

在这句话中,a stay-at-home mother 指日常主要负责照顾孩子和家庭的母亲。这个表达描述的是一种持续的家庭分工,而不是某位母亲碰巧有一次待在家里。 stay-at-home 是放在 mother 前面的复合形容词,因此三个单词之间要用连字符连接。

练习

哪句话使用 stay-at-home mother 表示持续的家庭角色?

  1. Leila works from home as an engineer, so stay-at-home mother means remote employee.
  2. Leila stayed home with a cold today, so she became a stay-at-home mother.
  3. Leila became a stay-at-home mother while her children were young.
查看答案

Leila became a stay-at-home mother while her children were young.

And that change in our situation

2:11

而我们处境上的那种变化

for us just became completely unresolvable. 用詞

2:14

对我们来说变得完全无法解决。

用詞

became completely unresolvable:发展到完全无法解决的状态

在这句话中,became completely unresolvable 表示情况发生了变化,直到相关的人认为已经没有可行的解决办法。completely 让这个判断更强、更绝对。 become + adjective 这个结构表示状态发生变化。之前的情况未必无法解决,但后来发展到了这个地步。

练习

哪句话表示一场冲突已经发展到不存在可行解决方案的状态?

  1. After every proposed compromise failed, the conflict became completely unresolvable.
  2. The conflict remained unresolved, but both sides will meet again tomorrow.
  3. The conflict was difficult, so the team kept looking for a solution.
查看答案

After every proposed compromise failed, the conflict became completely unresolvable.

And I think this is true for a lot of marriages

2:16

我认为这对许多婚姻来说都是真实的,

because people's situation changes over their lives.

2:19

因为人们的处境在他们的一生中会发生变化。

Maybe they want children,

2:21

也许他们想要孩子,

then maybe they change their minds. 短語搭配

2:23

然后也许他们又改变了主意。

短語搭配

change their minds:改变原先的想法或决定

change one's mind 表示把先前的看法、计划或决定换成另一个。原句中,他们可能先想要孩子,后来又作出不同决定;这里的 mind 指想法或决定,不是生理意义上的大脑。 物主限定词要随主语变化:I change my mind、she changes her mind、they change their minds。这里 they 是复数主语,通常用复数 minds,因为每个人改变的是自己的想法。

练习

请用适合复数主语 we 的 change one's mind 的准确过去式完成句子:We had chosen the blue design, but after the review, we ____ and selected the green one.

查看答案

changed our minds

Marina started her married life as a stay-at-home mom,

2:25

Marina 的婚后生活是从一名全职妈妈(stay-at-home mom)开始的,

a woman who stays home to take care of the children and manage the household. 短語搭配

2:29

全职妈妈是指留在家里照顾孩子和打理家务的女性。

短語搭配

take care of the children and manage the household:两类家庭责任

take care of the children 表示照顾孩子的日常需要、安全并进行看护。manage the household 表示组织让家庭正常运转所需的工作和资源,例如做饭、清洁、安排日程和支付账单。 两个动词短语由 and 并列,并共用前面的 to:to take care of ... and manage ...。这里的 manage 指负责安排家庭生活,不是管理公司,也不是控制家人。

练习

哪一个句子能自然地描述同时负责照顾孩子和维持家庭运转?

  1. Jordan takes care of the children and manages the household.
  2. Jordan cares the children and manages at the household.
  3. Jordan takes care the children and manages the household.
查看答案

Jordan takes care of the children and manages the household.

Marina married an older man,

2:33

Marina 嫁给了一位年长男士,

and although their relationship started well, 表達脈絡

2:35

尽管他们的关系开始得很好,

over time they developed different ideas about what they wanted from life. 短語搭配

2:39

但随着时间的推移,他们对生活的期望产生了不同的想法。

表達脈絡

although their relationship started well ... over time:从良好开端到逐渐变化

although their relationship started well 先承认一个积极的起点。它让读者预期后面会出现对比,而不是把“开局不错”当作整句话的结论。 over time 随后把时间向前推进,说明后来的分歧是在一段时间里逐渐形成的。两部分合起来,把信息组织成“起初很好,后来逐渐发生变化”。

练习

哪句话正确地先说明一个良好的开端,再引出后来逐渐发生的相反变化?

  1. Because the course started well, over time the workload became overwhelming.
  2. Although the course started well, but over time the workload became overwhelming.
  3. Although the course started well, over time the workload became overwhelming.
查看答案

Although the course started well, over time the workload became overwhelming.

短語搭配

what they wanted from life:更广泛的人生期待和目标

what they wanted from life 指他们希望拥有怎样的未来、经历、价值取向和生活方式。from life 在这里不是字面意义;它把重点放在一个人对人生更广泛的期待和目标上。 在本句中,what 从句接在 about 后面,说明“想法”的具体内容。作为嵌入式从句,它使用陈述句语序 what they wanted,而不是 what did they want。

练习

在“They discussed what they wanted from life.”这句话中,他们讨论的是什么?

  1. 他们对人生更广泛的期待和目标
  2. 人生本身会从字面上送给他们的物品
  3. 他们当天想买的东西
查看答案

他们对人生更广泛的期待和目标

Marina and her husband changed their minds.

2:43

Marina 和她的丈夫改变了主意(changed their minds)。

They changed an earlier decision they had made.

2:46

他们改变了之前做出的决定。

Growing apart is one of the most frequently given reasons for divorce.

2:49

关系疏远是人们最常给出的离婚理由之一。

And eventually,

2:53

最终,

Marina and her husband's problems became unresolvable,

2:54

Marina 和她丈夫的问题变得无法解决(unresolvable),

not able to be fixed or satisfactorily ended.

2:58

也就是无法被修复或圆满结束。

Marina's experience is typical of someone who finds themselves 短語搭配

3:01

Marina 的经历是典型的那类人:他们发现自己

trapped in a marriage that no longer works.

3:04

被困在一段已经破裂的婚姻中。

短語搭配

finds themselves trapped in a marriage:发现自己受困于婚姻

本句中,finds themselves trapped in a marriage 表示这个人意识到自己身处一段很难离开的婚姻中,或发现自己已经落入这种处境。这里的 find 不是“寻找”。结构是 find + 反身代词 + 补语,trapped 描述这个人最终所处的状态。 someone 在语法上是单数,但不指明性别,因此 themselves 是单数 they 的形式,回指 someone。可迁移的结构 find oneself trapped in + 情境,常用来描述一个人已经身处其中、后来才看清的非自愿困境。

练习

用 find oneself trapped in 的过去式完成句子:After the company closed, Maya ____ a cycle of debt.

查看答案

found herself trapped in

Yet, unfortunately,

3:07

然而,不幸的是,

due to economic or emotional reasons, 短語搭配

3:08

出于经济或情感原因,

many people stay trapped.

3:11

许多人仍然深陷其中。

短語搭配

due to economic or emotional reasons:说明经济或情感方面的原因

Due to economic or emotional reasons 表示“由于经济或情感方面的原因”。它说明许多人继续受困的原因。 这里的 due to 后接名词短语 economic or emotional reasons。如果要用带有完整主语和谓语的从句说明原因,则改用 because,例如 because they lack financial support。Due to 常见于比较正式的解释和分析。

练习

选择正确使用 due to 的补全项:The flight was delayed _____.

  1. due to thick fog
  2. because thick fog
  3. due to the fog was thick
查看答案

due to thick fog

So,

3:13

那么,

what can be done?

3:13

能做些什么呢?

Now,

3:15

现在,

some countries are looking to the authorities, 短語搭配

3:16

一些国家正指望当局,

rather than the couple themselves, 表達脈絡

3:18

而不是夫妻自己,

表達脈絡

rather than the couple themselves:而不是这对夫妇自己

rather than 引出被排除的选项。在完整句子中,前面的选项 the authorities 被突出,而 rather than the couple themselves 把这对夫妇排除在外。这样就清楚说明了责任或期待落在哪一方身上。 themselves 这个 -self 形式在这里用于强调,表示“这对夫妇亲自”,而不是由别人代替他们。它因此比只说 the couple 形成了更鲜明的对比。

练习

用 rather than 完成句子:The council chose to repair the bridge ____ close it.

查看答案

rather than

for a solution.

3:20

来寻求解决方案。

短語搭配

look to the authorities ... for a solution:指望主管部门提供解决办法

look to someone for something 表示依靠或期待某人、某个机构提供所需的东西。本句中,一些国家期待主管部门给出解决办法;look to 并不是转头“看向”他们。 结构是 look to + 提供帮助或指引的一方 + for + 所需的事物,例如 look to experts for advice。它常用来说明人们把责任或希望寄托在谁身上。

练习

用 look to ... for ... 完成句子:When the rules are unclear, staff ____ their manager ____ guidance.

查看答案

look to · for

Here,

3:22

在这里,

Lucy Hockings, presenter of BBC World Service's The Global Story,

3:22

BBC 世界台《The Global Story》的主持人 Lucy Hockings

and divorce counselor Joanna Gosling

3:27

和离婚咨询师 Joanna Gosling

discuss a new strategy being used in China.

3:30

讨论了中国正在采用的一项新策略。

There was an interesting thing they did in China where they introduced this cooling-off period. 用詞

3:33

他们在中国做了一件有趣的事,引入了这个冷静期。

用詞

cooling-off period:正式设定的重新考虑期

cooling-off period 指正式设定的一段等待时间。在决定最终生效或采取下一步行动前,相关人员先等待,以便重新考虑,也让争议有机会缓和。 这里指中国离婚程序中的一段等待期。这个表达也用于合同、劳资谈判和其他正式程序;此处的 cooling-off 并不是说天气变凉。

练习

哪一句在正式含义上正确使用了 cooling-off period?

  1. We put the hot soup in a cooling-off period before dinner.
  2. The forecast says there will be a cooling-off period after the heatwave.
  3. The contract gives customers a fourteen-day cooling-off period in which to cancel the agreement.
查看答案

The contract gives customers a fourteen-day cooling-off period in which to cancel the agreement.

So,

3:38

所以,

the government enforced this. 用詞

3:38

政府强制执行了这一点。

用詞

government enforced this:确保规定得到遵守

在 the government enforced this 这个分句中,the government 是主语,enforced 是过去式动词,this 指代前面提到的 cooling-off period。 enforce 法律、规则、政策或要求,就是运用权力确保其得到实施和遵守。它比“引入”或“鼓励”某项措施的语气更强,重点是必须遵守。

练习

用 enforce 的过去式完成句子:The city announced a parking ban and then ____ it by issuing fines.

查看答案

enforced

Does that work when the government intervenes in a situation like this 用詞

3:41

当政府干预这样的情况

and makes people behave or do things in a certain way? 語法

3:46

并要求人们以特定的方式行事或做事时,这管用吗?

用詞

government intervenes in a situation:第三方介入

Intervene in a situation 表示作为外部第三方进入一个问题或冲突,并试图影响事态发展。在本句中,政府不是单纯参与,而是在运用权力介入私人关系问题。 结构是 intervene in + situation、dispute、conflict 或 problem。这个表达通常暗示该局面已经需要控制、帮助或预防措施。

练习

用 intervene 的正确形式和常用介词完成句子:A neutral mediator ____ the dispute before it became violent.

查看答案

intervened in

語法

makes people behave or do things in a certain way:make + 宾语 + 动词原形

Make + 宾语 + 动词原形表示某人或某事促使、要求或迫使这个宾语采取行动。这里的 makes people behave or do things in a certain way 是在询问政府行为能否让人们按照规定的方式行事。 在主动句中,宾语后的动词使用不带 to 的动词原形:应说 make people behave,而不是 make people to behave。Behave 和 do 由 or 并列,共用 makes people。

练习

用 follow 的正确形式完成句子:The new safety rule makes every visitor ____ the marked path.

查看答案

follow

If nothing changes in the dynamic between two people, 語法

3:49

如果两个人之间的互动模式没有改变,

語法

If nothing changes...:两人互动模式不变的条件

If nothing changes... 是 if 条件从句,为后面的结论设定前提:只有情况保持不变时,那个结论才成立。在谈论现实中可能发生的未来情况时,if 后通常用一般现在时 changes,而不用 will change。 the dynamic between two people 在这里指两个人反复出现的互动模式,例如如何沟通、回应或分配主导权,不是物理上的力。

练习

哪句话正确使用 if 从句设定一个可能的未来条件,并用 dynamic 表示互动模式?

  1. If nothing changes in the team dynamic, the same conflict will return.
  2. If nothing changes the team dynamic, the same conflict will return.
  3. If nothing will change in the team dynamic, the same conflict returned yesterday.
查看答案

If nothing changes in the team dynamic, the same conflict will return.

being told that they've got to cool off and wait a bit longer, 講解

3:52

只是被告知他们必须冷静一下并再等一会儿,

語法

being told that...:用被动动名词短语作主语

being told that... 是由 being + 过去分词构成的被动动名词短语。它把“接收信息或指示”这一经历变成一个名词性单位,因此整个短语可以在更大的句子中作主语。 这里的 that they've got to cool off and wait a bit longer 说明被告知的具体内容。being told 不是进行时的主要动词;这个短语还需要一个主要谓语才能组成完整的大句子。

练习

哪句话使用被动动名词短语作主语?

  1. They were told to wait without an explanation.
  2. Being told to wait without an explanation can be frustrating.
  3. Telling the visitors to wait can be frustrating.
查看答案

Being told to wait without an explanation can be frustrating.

短語搭配

they've got to cool off and ...:必须先冷静下来再行动

They've got to 是 they have got to 的缩写形式,表示强烈的需要或义务,意思与 they have to 相近。cool off 在这里使用比喻义,表示在情绪激动后冷静下来,不是指身体变凉。 and 把 cool off 和 wait a bit longer 连接起来,因此两件事都属于他们必须做的事。这个结构可以描述先暂停一下,让情绪平复后再采取下一步行动。

练习

请用 have got to 和 cool off 完成句子:After the argument, they ____ before making a decision.

查看答案

have got to cool off

I don't think it's going to make them suddenly realize that they want to be together.

3:55

我不认为这会让他们突然意识到他们想在一起。

It might be an idea for states to invest in communication programs for these couples 語氣意圖

3:59

对于国家来说,为这些夫妻投资沟通项目可能是个好主意,

because that's invariably why relationships fall apart. 短語動詞

4:03

因为这始终是关系破裂的原因。

語氣意圖

It might be an idea for ... to ...:试探性地提出建议

It might be an idea for + 执行者 + to + 动词原形 把某个行动表述为一个值得考虑的方案。在本句中,for states 指明由谁行动,to invest in communication programs 则说明建议采取什么行动。 might 和 an idea 都会弱化提议的语气。说话人是在提出试探性的建议并邀请讨论,不是在怀疑是否存在某个想法,也不是在下命令。

练习

请用本课的委婉建议结构完成句子:____ the school to keep the library open later during exams.

查看答案

It might be an idea for

短語動詞

invariably why relationships fall apart:强烈断言关系破裂的原因

fall apart 的字面意思是某物碎裂或散架,但用于关系时,它表示关系逐渐失去凝聚力并最终破裂。这里的 relationships fall apart 是说伴侣关系瓦解,并不是有实体物件散开。 invariably 加强了 why 所表达的原因。说话人把刚才提到的沟通问题说成关系总会破裂的原因,其概括力度远强于 often 或 usually。

练习

哪句话中的 fall apart 表示一段关系逐渐破裂?

  1. After months of mistrust, their partnership began to fall apart.
  2. The technician took the machine apart for cleaning.
  3. After months of mistrust, their partnership began to come together.
查看答案

After months of mistrust, their partnership began to fall apart.

In response to rising divorce rates, 表達脈絡

4:07

为了应对不断上升的离婚率,

表達脈絡

In response to rising divorce rates:先交代行动的触发背景

In response to + 名词短语把某种情况呈现为一项行动或决定的触发因素。这里,rising divorce rates 被说明为促使后续政策行动出现的情况,因此 response 指实际的应对,而不只是口头回答。 这个短语放在句首并以逗号结尾,会在主句出现前先交代“情况—应对”的背景。这是新闻、政策和商务写作中常见的信息组织方式。

练习

请用本课中表示“有意采取应对行动”的短语完成句子:____ safety concerns, the museum limited visitor numbers.

查看答案

In response to

in 2021,

4:09

在2021年,

the Chinese government introduced a 30-day cooling-off period

4:10

中国政府出台了为期30天的冷静期(cooling-off period),

for couples wanting to separate.

4:14

针对想要分手的夫妻。

A cooling-off period is a period of time in which two groups who are arguing

4:16

冷静期是指争吵的双方

can try to improve the situation before taking further action. 短語搭配

4:21

在采取进一步行动之前可以尝试改善状况的一段时间。

短語搭配

before taking further action:在采取进一步行动之前

在 before taking further action 中,before 表示一个事件发生在下一步之前,后面接 taking 这一 -ing 形式。采取这一步行动的人或群体可根据上下文判断。 take action 是固定搭配,表示“针对某种情况采取实际措施”。further action 指额外的或下一步行动;这里的 take 不是“拿取”的字面意思。

练习

请用本课中表示“在采取任何进一步措施之前”的完整短语补全句子:The company will review all the evidence ____.

查看答案

before taking further action

However, it's unusual for governments to intervene, 語法

4:25

然而,政府的干预(intervene),

to become involved in people's private lives this way. 短語搭配

4:28

也就是以这种方式介入人们的私生活,是不寻常的。

語法

It's unusual for governments to intervene:政府进行干预并不常见

It's unusual for governments to intervene 使用 It is + 形容词 + for + 名词短语 + to 不定式这一结构。It 是形式主语;真正被评价为“不常见”的情况是政府进行干预。 这个结构先给出简短评价,再把较长的动作放在后面。这里 unusual 表示这种政府介入并不常见,而句子后面的 to become involved 是对 intervene 的解释。

练习

请用本课中表示“这种情况并不常见”的完整开头补全句子:____ the library to be this quiet on a Saturday.

查看答案

It's unusual for

短語搭配

become involved in people's private lives:介入他人的私人生活

become involved in 表示从原本没有参与,转为参与或进入某个问题。结构是 become involved in + 名词或 -ing 形式。 这里 people's private lives 指个人生活领域,例如人际关系、家庭事务和私人决定,而不是“私人拥有的生命”。在这个政策语境中,这个短语把这种介入描述为进入了通常应由个人自行决定的领域。

练习

请使用 become、involved 和正确的介词完成句子:The press should not ____ the actor's private life.

查看答案

become involved in

Joanna doubts a cooling-off period will work, 語法

4:32

Joanna 怀疑冷静期是否会起作用,

語法

doubts ... will work:doubt + 从句

doubt 后可以直接接使用陈述语序的内容从句:主语 + doubt(s) + 主语 + 动词。这里 a cooling-off period will work 是乔安娜表示怀疑的内容。 在这个从句里,work 表示“有效、起作用”,不是“做工作”。Joanna doubts it will work 表示她认为它很可能达不到预期效果,但仍保留一定的不确定性。

练习

哪个句子正确使用了 doubt + 从句?

  1. Lena doubts the new rule will solve the problem.
  2. Lena doubts will the new rule solve the problem.
  3. Lena is doubt the new rule will solve the problem.
查看答案

Lena doubts the new rule will solve the problem.

especially as the main reason for relationships failing is non-communication. 表達脈絡

4:35

尤其是因为关系失败的主要原因是缺乏沟通。

表達脈絡

especially as:引出格外重要的原因

在这句话中,especially as 引出一个原因,让说话人前面的观点更有分量。它相当于“尤其是因为”:缺乏沟通是关系破裂的主要原因,这一事实让前面的担忧更有说服力。 这里的 as 表示原因,不表示时间。后面的从句是在解释为什么前面的判断特别值得重视,而不是说明两件事同时发生。

练习

在句子 "The cancellation is frustrating, especially as no one explained why," 中,especially as 起什么作用?

  1. 它把这次取消与另一件事进行比较。
  2. 它说明取消发生的时间。
  3. 它引出一个特别重要的原因,解释为什么让人沮丧。
查看答案

它引出一个特别重要的原因,解释为什么让人沮丧。

She says a lack of communication is invariably, well,

4:40

她说缺乏沟通 invariably,也就是,

always the reason for divorce.

4:44

总是导致离婚的原因。

On the plus side, by communicating openly, 講解

4:47

从好的方面来看,通过坦诚地沟通,

maybe with the professional help of a relationship counselor,

4:50

也许在情感咨询师的专业帮助下,

saving a marriage is possible. 語法

4:53

挽救婚姻是可能的。

表達脈絡

On the plus side:转向积极的一面

On the plus side 表示从问题或不利之处转向积极、有帮助的一面。在这句话中,它把讨论从冷静期可能无效的原因,转向坦诚沟通可能挽救婚姻的希望。 可以用这个表达组织一段兼顾正反面的讨论:先提到缺点或困难,再用 On the plus side 引出优点、希望或有利因素。

练习

用 On the plus side 完成句子:"The commute is longer. ____, I can work from home three days a week."

查看答案

On the plus side

語法

by communicating openly:用 by + 动词-ing 表示方法

By communicating openly 是 by + 动名词短语,说明什么方法可以让结果成为可能:相关的人坦诚、清楚地沟通。这里的 by 相当于“通过”或“采用这种方法”,不是表示某个位置在旁边。 by 后面接名词或 -ing 形式。这个短语回答“怎么做到?”,也可以放在句末:Saving a marriage is possible by communicating openly。

练习

选择正确使用 by + -ing 表示方法的句子。

  1. By to set a clear alarm, Leo remembered to submit the form.
  2. By set a clear alarm, Leo remembered to submit the form.
  3. By setting a clear alarm, Leo remembered to submit the form.
查看答案

By setting a clear alarm, Leo remembered to submit the form.

語法

saving a marriage is possible:动名词短语作主语

Saving a marriage 是动名词短语:saving 是 -ing 形式,整个短语在句中充当主语。它把“挽救一段婚姻”这个动作当成可以讨论或评价的对象。 Is possible 是对这个动作作出的判断。这里不是现在进行时:-ing 形式是主语短语的核心,be 动词后面接的是 possible,而不是另一个 -ing 动词。句子表达的是“这个动作本身有可能实现”。

练习

哪句话把 -ing 短语用作主语,而不是把它用作进行时动词的一部分?

  1. Reading before bed helps me relax.
  2. I am reading before bed.
  3. She is reading before bed.
查看答案

Reading before bed helps me relax.

I think it's time you reveal the answer to your question, Phil. 語氣意圖

4:55

我想是时候揭晓你问题的答案了,Phil。

語氣意圖

I think it's time you reveal:委婉推动对方行动

I think it's time you reveal... 不是单纯谈时间,而是在提示对方现在采取行动。这里,说话人是在推动对话继续,让 Phil 公布答案。 I think 把这句话表达为个人判断,减弱了直接命令感。不过,it's time 仍可能暗示这件事已经该做,甚至已经有所拖延。

练习

在 I think it's time you reveal the answer 中,说话人主要在做什么?

  1. 委婉地推动对方现在给出答案
  2. 询问找出答案需要多长时间
  3. 说明答案已经公布
查看答案

委婉地推动对方现在给出答案

You asked about Divorce Day in Britain,

4:59

你问了关于英国的离婚日,

and I guessed it was the first Monday of the New Year.

5:02

我猜是新年的第一个星期一。

Good guess, Georgie,

5:05

猜得好,Georgie,

because that's the correct answer.

5:06

因为这就是正确答案。

Divorce Day is the first Monday of the year.

5:08

离婚日是每年的第一个星期一。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learnt in this program, 表達脈絡

5:12

好的,让我们回顾一下在这个节目中学到的词汇,

starting with stay-at-home mom,

5:17

首先是全职妈妈(stay-at-home mom),

表達脈絡

let's recap the vocabulary:提示进入回顾环节

Let's recap the vocabulary 表示接下来要简短回顾已经讲过的词汇。它在组织节目内容:提示听众主要讨论将转入总结环节。 Let's 表示说话人邀请听众一起行动。Recap 指简要回顾最重要的内容,而不是从头重复每一个细节。

练习

哪句话能在会议结束时自然地提示接下来进行简短回顾?

  1. Before we finish, let's introduce a completely new topic.
  2. Before we finish, let's repeat every word from the meeting.
  3. Before we finish, let's recap the main decisions.
查看答案

Before we finish, let's recap the main decisions.

a phrase for a woman who stays home to care for her children

5:19

一个用来指代留在家里照顾孩子

and manage the household.

5:22

和打理家务的女性的短语。

If you change your mind,

5:24

如果你改变了主意(change your mind),

you change an earlier decision you made or opinion you had.

5:25

就是改变你之前做出的决定或你曾有的观点。

If a problem is unresolvable,

5:29

如果一个问题是无法解决的(unresolvable),

it cannot be satisfactorily solved or fixed.

5:32

也就是它无法被圆满地解决或修复。

A cooling-off period is a period of time

5:35

冷静期(cooling-off period)是一段时间,

for two people to try to resolve their differences.

5:37

让两个人尝试解决他们之间的分歧。

It can also mean an agreed length of time 用詞

5:40

它也可以指一段商定好的时间,

in which someone can change their mind

5:43

在这段时间里,某人可以对

about something they've agreed to buy.

5:45

他们已经同意购买的东西改变主意。

用詞

It can also mean ... change their mind:cooling-off period 在消费合同中的含义

这里的 It 指前文提到的 cooling-off period。在消费或合同语境中,cooling-off period 是指某人同意购买后可以重新考虑决定的一段固定期限;如果适用规则允许,还可以取消购买。 因此,change their mind 在这里表示改变购买决定,而不只是形成了新的看法。also 表明这是 cooling-off period 的另一个含义,不只表示为了平复情绪而暂时停下来。

练习

在消费或合同语境中,cooling-off period 表示什么?

  1. 商家根据退货政策允许顾客寄回不想要商品的期限
  2. 产品缺陷可能受到保修保障的期限
  3. 买方可以重新考虑并取消已同意购买的一段期限
查看答案

买方可以重新考虑并取消已同意购买的一段期限

To intervene means to become involved in a difficult situation

5:47

干预(intervene)的意思是介入一个困难的局面

in order to improve it.

5:51

以改善它。

And finally, the adverb invariably means always.

5:52

最后,副词 invariably 意思是总是。

Once again, our 6 minutes are up.

5:57

我们的6分钟又到了。

But remember to join us again next time

5:59

但是记得下次再来加入我们,

for more trending topics and useful vocabulary.

6:01

了解更多热门话题和实用词汇。

Goodbye for now.

6:04

暂时再见了。

Bye.

6:05

再见。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

6:06

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的《6分钟英语》。