为什么你应该读一读《罪与罚》？ - 亚历克斯·根德勒 (Alex Gendler)：英语精读讲义

用 drive someone to do 的过去式结构完成句子：Daniel kept receiving threats. The fear ____ contact the police.

填入表示“故意且毫无怜悯地”的习语：The report said the defenseless victim had been killed ____.

用 go through someone's mind 的过去时形式完成问句：What ____ when you heard the sudden crash?

哪个句子中的 breed 与 society breeds such people 中的比喻义相同？

1. A culture of secrecy can breed distrust.
2. The community raises its children together.
3. The farmer breeds sheep for wool.

请用 take up 的过去式和代词 it 完成句子：The committee delayed the issue, but the members finally ____.

请用一个以 what 开头、表示“后来成为……的那个组织”的三词结构完成句子：In 1998, she joined ____ one of the world's largest charities.

使用 one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词 这一结构以及 popular 和 museum 完成句子：This is ____ in the city.

在出版语境中，The novel was serialized in a magazine. 是什么意思？

1. 它随着时间推移分成多期陆续发表。
2. 它立即以一本完整书籍出版。
3. 杂志给它编了一个序列号。

请用表示“讲述……的故事”的短语完成剧情简介：The film ____ three friends starting a new life abroad.

哪种情况可以准确地描述为 living in abject poverty？

1. 一个家庭等到下个月再买新电视。
2. 一个家庭为了省钱而选择价格较低的餐厅。
3. 一个家庭无法稳定获得食物、安全住所或基本医疗服务。

哪句话清楚地把角色的情况定位在叙事作品的开端？

1. When the novelist starts speaking, Amir lives with his aunt.
2. At the publication of the novel, Amir lives with his aunt.
3. At the start of the novel, Amir lives with his aunt.

请用表示“所有可用资金都已耗尽”的目标表达完成句子：The research team cannot buy more equipment because it ____.

哪句话表示额外的延误让沮丧感变得更严重，而且毫无帮助？

1. The extra delay only distracted us from our frustration.
2. The extra delay only revealed our frustration.
3. The extra delay only added to our frustration.

哪句话在 understands 之后正确使用了嵌入式 how much 从句？

1. She understands how much her parents have done for her.
2. She understands how much have her parents done for her.
3. She understands how much did her parents do for her.

哪句话正确使用了这种压缩的句首结构？

1. Increasingly nervous after hearing the news, the phone rang in Maya's hand.
2. Increasingly nervous after heard the news, Maya called her friend.
3. Increasingly nervous after hearing the news, Maya called her friend.

哪项定义最符合 pawnbroker？

1. 在多种市场中替客户安排交易的代理人
2. 修理损坏珠宝的工人
3. 以有价值的物品作担保放款的个人或商家

请用 resolve on 的正确时态完成句子：After weeks of debate, the committee ____ a final plan.

请用 carry out 的正确形式完成句子：The engineers will ____ the safety test tomorrow.

用 prove to be 的正确形式完成句子：The experiment ____ harder to control than expected.

哪句话正确表达新工作超出了玛雅原先的心理准备？

1. The first day at the new job was more than Maya was prepared for.
2. The first day at the new job was more than Maya was prepared.
3. The first day at the new job was more Maya prepared for.

请填入 cite 的双词形式，表示“作为例子被提到”：The bridge is often ____ a model of sustainable design.

哪一句先承认一个不利因素，再给出更重要的积极判断？

1. Because the route was longer, it was safer.
2. The route was longer, so it took more time.
3. Though the route was longer, it was safer.

用本课中表示“远远超出”的三个词表达完成句子：The course's scope ____ basic grammar.

在每个空中填一个词，完成突出显示的 From ... to ... 范围结构：____ neighborhood cafés ____ national chains, the guide compares how businesses serve their customers.

哪句话中的 underbelly 与例句一样，使用了带批判意味的比喻义？

1. The veterinarian gently checked the dog's underbelly.
2. The investigation exposed the industry's corrupt underbelly.
3. The mechanic inspected the bus's underbelly for damage.

请用表示“被表现得鲜活而真实”的表达完成句子：Through the actor's performance, the historical figure was ____ on screen.

在“The memoir is praised for its searing prose.”中，searing prose 是什么意思？

1. 描写火焰的诗歌
2. 具有强烈情感冲击或批判力量的文字
3. 清楚但没有强烈情感效果的文字

填入表示“读者第一次认识故事人物”的被动短语：In chapter one, readers are ____ the main character.

使用 drive、the business 和 debt 完成结果结构：Years of careless borrowing have ____.

哪一种理解最符合这段描述？

1. 它给出了中性的医学诊断，而且没有说明社会身份。
2. 它把一名贵族身份的男子描绘成精神不稳定且有令人反感的淫欲。
3. 它说一个品德高尚的男人性格开朗又浪漫。

使用固定结构 stands in stark contrast to 完成句子：The quiet library ____ the noisy cafeteria.

哪句话最能表现两个发展同时发生，而且形成出乎意料的反差？

1. The team remained confident even as the deadline drew closer.
2. The team remained confident after the deadline had passed.
3. The team remained confident because the deadline was extended.

请用 grow increasingly intertwined 的过去时形式完成句子：Over the years, the two researchers' careers ____.

哪句话中的 portrait 表示艺术作品的整体描绘，并用 bleak 评价这种描绘严酷而缺少希望？

1. The documentary provides a population count for a town after the factories closed.
2. The museum displays a portrait of the mayor beside a bleak gray wall.
3. The documentary offers a bleak portrait of a town after the factories closed.

哪句话中的 reflect 表示“体现、反映”？

1. The lake reflects the mountains at sunset.
2. The memoir reflects the author's experiences of migration.
3. The editor reflects on the article before publishing it.

请用一个以 left 开头、表示“告别并放弃”的两词过去式短语完成句子：After years in finance, Lena ____ her secure career to train as a nurse.

用 be attracted to 的过去完成时补全句子：Before she joined the group, she ____ ideas of political reform.

以下哪一句中的 circle 表示非正式的社交或思想群体？

1. She became part of a circle of young writers who met every Friday.
2. The dancers formed a circle around the stage.
3. Use a compass to draw a circle on the page.

哪句话最准确地说明了高亮短语所体现的政治风险？

1. 这些文本主张重大变革，并被帝国当局正式禁止。
2. 这些文本是由帝国当局正式推广的无害娱乐作品。
3. 这些文本被称为激进文本，只是因为篇幅特别长。

请使用 upon + 名词 exposure 完成这个正式句子：____, the secret operation ended.

请用 sentence 的被动形式和指定刑罚完成句子：The prisoner was ____. 刑罚：死刑。

请用 only to + 被动结构完成句子，表达“结果却被迫接受”：The visitors expected a quick entrance, ____ a two-hour security screening.

在这句话中，a mock execution 是什么意思？

1. 一场关于处决是否合法的公开讨论
2. 一场在人们嘲笑囚犯时进行的处决
3. 一场经过安排、但不会真的杀死囚犯的假处决

在这句话中，last minute pardon from the tsar 是什么意思？

1. 要求囚犯向俄罗斯皇帝道歉
2. 俄罗斯皇帝在刑罚即将执行前正式取消刑罚
3. 俄罗斯皇帝下令把刑罚推迟一分钟

请用目标结构 spend + 时间 + in 补全句子，表示随后两年在某地度过：After moving abroad, Maya ____ a small coastal town.

在这段历史叙述中，哪项描述最符合 a Siberian labor camp 的意思？

1. 关押囚犯并强迫其劳动的拘禁营地
2. 让人学习职业技能的暑期项目
3. 供有偿建筑工人临时居住的营地

请用表示“在他获释之前”的压缩被动短语补全句子：The prisoner spent two years in custody ____.

请用 leave + 人 + with 的过去式结构补全句子，表达“使她产生”：The frightening experience ____ a fear of deep water.

用本课的目标比较级短语完成句子：Compared with her first forecast, the new report presents a ____ view of the economy.

哪句话能自然地表达“当地历史成了这家博物馆新的主要关注领域”？

1. The museum's focus shifted local history.
2. The museum's focus shifted toward local history.
3. The museum's focus shifted toward to local history.

哪一句自然地使用了 expound on，并符合它通常的正式含义？

1. The professor expounded on the ethical theory during the lecture.
2. The professor expounded the audience on the ethical theory.
3. Maya expounded on her name by saying only, 'Maya.'

请选择使用 that 从句说明信念具体内容的句子。

1. She defended her belief in every child.
2. She defended her belief about every child.
3. She defended her belief that every child deserves respect.

这里的 utopian Western philosophies 是什么意思？

1. 不加区分的全部西方哲学
2. 围绕高度理想化的社会愿景建立的西方思想体系
3. 只研究个体心理的西方理论

这里的 contradictory yearnings of the human soul 是什么意思？

1. 所有人都接受的宗教规则
2. 彼此冲突的深层内在愿望
3. 容易满足的简单日常需求

请用本课短语补全句子，表达“形成构想并最终完成”：The documentary was ____ in less than a year.

用本课短语动词的正确形式补全句子：The second episode ____ a clue from the opening scene.

In many ways 对后面的判断起什么作用？

1. 每个细节都完全正确，没有任何例外。
2. 从多个角度来看是正确的，但不一定在每个方面都正确。
3. 它涉及多条实际存在的道路。

请用表示“采用一种常见的连贯叙事模式”的目标短语完成句子：The novel ____ in which an outsider finally finds a home.

以下哪种理解最准确地概括了高亮部分的叙事模式？

1. 城市为一个年轻人提供了有用的培训，却没有改变他的价值观。
2. 一个年轻人搬到城市后只是找到了恋爱对象。
3. 一个有天赋的年轻人被都市诱惑吸引，并逐渐失去道德操守。

请用本课的深度比喻补全影评：The plot seems familiar, but its social critique ____.

“She rationalizes that copying one answer will not matter” 暗示了什么？

1. 她在客观计算自己抄了多少道答案。
2. 她在中性地解释抄答案是怎么回事。
3. 她在为抄一道答案找一个听起来合理的借口。

选择强调有害牺牲的短语：The app became easier to use, but it did so ___ users' privacy.

1. in addition to
2. at the cost of
3. on behalf of

"The policy would be a net benefit to society" 表达了什么判断？

1. 它不会产生任何成本或负面影响。
2. 总体而言，它给社会带来的好处会大于不利影响。
3. 它会以完全相同的方式帮助每一个人。

阅读："Leo apologized to the team. In doing so, he helped rebuild trust." doing so 指什么？

1. Leo 开始了一个全新且无关的动作。
2. Leo 向团队道歉这件事。
3. 团队在没有 Leo 的情况下重建信任。

一位评论者写道：“Her argument echoes the doctrines of classical liberalism.” 这句话是什么意思？

1. 她的声音使这些词作为声音重复出现。
2. 她的论点反映了与某个既有思想体系相关的原则。
3. 这证明她正式研究过并接受了该思想体系的所有内容。

哪一个术语最符合这种伦理立场：主要根据一个行为对所有受影响者整体福祉的作用来评价该行为？

1. egoism
2. utilitarianism
3. self-confidence

哪句话中的 embrace 与例句一样使用了抽象义？

1. The committee briefly mentioned the new method.
2. The research team embraced the new method after seeing the results.
3. At the reunion, Maya embraced her aunt.

句首的 In believing that 起什么作用？

1. 它引出说话者原话的直接引语。
2. 它把持有这种信念作为与后文相连的心理前提或处境。
3. 它表示这个人只有身处某个地方时才能相信某件事。

请用 allow + people + to transcend 的一般现在时完成句子：Education ____ inherited prejudices.

请用 cut oneself off from 的正确过去式完成句子：After the argument, Maya deliberately ____ her closest friends.

用 Yet + although 完成句子：The team had little experience. ____ the task was difficult, they finished on time.

哪句话自然地表示“这部纪录片把气候变化作为探讨主题”？

1. The documentary deeply concerns with climate change.
2. The documentary is deeply concerned with climate change.
3. The documentary is deeply concerned about climate change.

用 come across as 的正确形式完成句子：Even when he disagrees, his feedback never ____ hostile.

影评人说一部电影 merely moralizing。他是在批评什么？

1. 它只是用过度简单的方式向观众说教什么是对、什么是错。
2. 它与任何道德问题都毫无关系。
3. 它从多个角度探讨复杂的对错问题。

用动词 give 完成被动的 with 结构：The discussion remained balanced, with every participant ____ enough time to speak.

选择 thing 的正确形式完成句子：One of the most remarkable ____ about this town is its public library.

用 ability to 和 thrill 的原形完成句子：The game's ____ players of all ages keeps it popular.

哪一个句子正确使用了 despite？

1. Despite of the traffic, Nina arrived on time.
2. Despite the traffic, Nina arrived on time.
3. Despite the traffic was heavy, Nina arrived on time.

请用 change 的被动 -ing 形式补全句子：The coach was upset about the schedule ____ without warning.

在评论中，“The mystery is established in the first act” 是什么意思？

1. 谜团在开篇的结构单元中确立。
2. 第一个采取行动的角色确立了谜团。
3. 谜团由通过的第一部法律确立。

哪句话中的 account 表示“叙述”，而且 gripping 使用自然？

1. The witness gave a gripping account of the rescue.
2. The payment was taken from his bank account.
3. She created a secure account for the website.

这里的 ensuing social and psychological turmoil 描述什么？

1. 只有公共场所里看得见的混乱
2. 同时发生的普通问题
3. 先前事件之后出现的严重社会动荡和内心不安

完成这个强调结构，把 careful observation 表示为唯一途径：It is ____ careful observation ____ we notice the pattern.

用高亮结构完成句子：The report finally revealed ____ the threat.

下面哪句话中的 redemption 表示犯错后通过改变重新做人？

1. The former thief devoted his life to helping others and searched for redemption.
2. She forgave him immediately, although he refused to change.
3. Customers can complete coupon redemption at the checkout.

用高亮的原短语补全这句评论，表达“让每个角色都鲜活起来”：Her expressive narration ____ in the radio drama.

哪句话自然地使用 deeper and deeper into a moral quagmire 来描述不断恶化的道德处境？

1. Picking a blue pen instead of a black one drew Leo deeper and deeper into a moral quagmire.
2. The cover-up drew the officials deeper and deeper into a moral quagmire.
3. A little rain made one shallow puddle, creating a moral quagmire.