葡萄酒的语言 - 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

Hi, it's Neil from BBC Learning English here.

大家好，这里是 BBC Learning English 的 Neil。

Just to let you know, 語氣意圖

只是想告诉大家，

we're offering a new weekly extra episode of Six Minute English exclusively on our website.

我们正在网站上独家提供全新的每周一期《六分钟英语》额外节目。

So, go to bbclearningenglish.com

所以，请访问 bbclearningenglish.com

to hear Georgina and I discussing how color can affect your mood.

来听听 Georgina 和我讨论颜色是如何影响你的情绪的。

It's available now,

节目现在已经上线，

so see you there.

期待在那里见到你。

bbclearningenglish.com

bbclearningenglish.com

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com

《六分钟英语》，来自 bbclearningenglish.com

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是 BBC Learning English 的《六分钟英语》。

I'm Sam.

我是 Sam。

And I'm Rob.

我是 Rob。

Rob, would you describe yourself as a wine connoisseur? 講解

Rob，你会把自己描述成一个葡萄酒鉴赏家吗？

If you mean am I someone who enjoys wine and knows a lot about it, 語氣意圖

如果你是指那种喜欢葡萄酒并且对它很了解的人，

then no.

那就不是。

Although the enjoy part is true, 語氣意圖

虽然喜欢这部分是真的，

particularly a nice glass of red.

特别是一杯美味的红酒。

Of course, wine might not be everybody's cup of tea, 習語

当然，葡萄酒可能并不是所有人的菜，

not something they like.

不是他们喜欢的东西。

But wine has been an important part of history and language.

但葡萄酒在历史和语言中一直占据着重要的地位。

And even if you don't drink alcohol, 語法

即使你不喝酒，

wine can be used as a commodity you can invest in and sell at an auction. 講解

葡萄酒也可以作为一种你可以投资并在拍卖会上出售的商品。

And that brings me to my quiz question, Rob. 表達脈絡

这就引出了我的测试问题，Rob。

In 2018, a bottle of wine dating back to 1774 短語搭配

在2018年，一瓶可追溯到1774年的葡萄酒

sold at auction in eastern France for a record-breaking price. 講解

在法国东部的拍卖会上以创纪录的价格售出。

Do you know how much it was sold for? 語法

你知道它卖了多少钱吗？

Was it A) $20,800,

是 A) 20,800美元，

B) $120,800,

B) 120,800美元，

or C) $220,800?

还是 C) 220,800美元？

I know wine can fetch a high price, 短語搭配

我知道葡萄酒能卖出高价，

but not as high as some of those options.

但没有那些选项那么高。

So, I'll say A) $20,800. 語氣意圖

所以，我选 A) 20,800美元。

I'll reveal the answer later on.

我稍后会揭晓答案。

But let's talk more about wine now.

但现在让我们来多聊聊葡萄酒。

A glass of the stuff can be sipped and savored or just glugged. 講解

一杯这样的饮品可以小口品尝，也可以大口狂饮。

Ah, glug is a good word,

啊，glug（大口喝）是个好词，

meaning drink in large gulps or mouthfuls.

意思是几大口或满满地喝下去。

Not something a wine expert would do.

品酒专家可不会这么做。

For some people,

对一些人来说，

drinking and serving wine is almost an art form. 習語

饮用和侍奉葡萄酒几乎是一门艺术。

If you go to a restaurant, there might be a sommelier, 文化背景

如果你去餐厅，可能会有一位侍酒师，

a person whose job is to serve and give advice about wine. 短語搭配

这种人的工作是上酒并提供关于葡萄酒的建议。

They may have had years of training to learn about the different types of wine

他们可能接受了多年的训练，来学习不同种类的葡萄酒

and the individual flavors or aromas known as notes. 用詞

以及那些被称为‘香调’（notes）的独特风味或香气。

This job has fascinated journalist and author Bianca Bosker.

这份工作让记者兼作家 Bianca Bosker 深感着迷。

She wrote a book called Cork Dorks'.

她写了一本书叫《Cork Dorks》。

And here she is talking on the BBC World Service program The Wine Factor, 表達脈絡

这是她在 BBC 世界服务台的节目《The Wine Factor》上的讲话，

describing her fascination with sommeliers.

描述了她对侍酒师的着迷。

These were people who had taken wine,

这些人拿到了葡萄酒，

which I'd always thought of as a thing of pleasure, 短語搭配

这本来是我一直认为能带来快乐的东西，

something you turned to after a long stressful day, 短語動詞

是你在漫长、压力大的一天后寻求安慰的东西，

and turned it into something approaching sheer god-awful pain. 講解

而他们却把它变成了一种近乎纯粹而可怕的痛苦。

They licked rocks to train their palates, 短語搭配

他们舔石头来锻炼自己的味觉，

they divorced their spouses to spend more time reviewing flash cards. 語法

他们与配偶离婚，花更多时间复习抽认卡。

They had hired voice coaches and memory coaches,

他们雇佣了声音教练和记忆教练，

they took dance classes to learn how to move more gracefully across the dining room floor. 短語搭配

他们上舞蹈课，学习如何在餐厅地板上走得更优雅。

Like me, Bianca thought drinking wine was a pleasurable activity,

和我一样，Bianca 认为喝葡萄酒是一项令人愉快的活动，

something that helped her relax after a long stressful day.

是能在漫长、压力大的一天后帮助她放松的事情。

So, she was surprised at how sommeliers turn this activity 短語搭配

所以，她对侍酒师如何将这项活动

into something approaching sheer god-awful pain.

变成一种近乎纯粹而可怕的痛苦感到惊讶。

The word sheer is used to emphasize the amount of something

sheer（纯粹的）这个词用来强调某物的数量

or to mean nothing but.

或者表示‘仅仅是’、‘无非是’。

She thought the work of a sommelier was nothing but pain. 短語搭配

她认为侍酒师的工作除了痛苦什么也不是。

They seem to dedicate their life to wine. 短語搭配

他们似乎把一生都奉献给了葡萄酒。

One thing a sommelier does is train their palate.

侍酒师要做的一件事就是训练他们的味觉（palate）。

This is their ability to distinguish and appreciate different tastes 短語搭配

这是他们区分和欣赏不同味道的能力，

and identify types of good wine from their taste.

并通过味道来识别优质葡萄酒的种类。

I guess this is quite important.

我想这相当重要。

But divorcing their spouses does seem a bit extreme. 語氣意圖

但与配偶离婚确实显得有点极端。

I'm afraid I wouldn't take it so seriously. 講解

恐怕我不会那么当真。

I'll stick to drinking poor quality, 短語動詞

我还是坚持喝质量差的、

cheap red wine, sometimes called plonk. 用詞

廉价的红酒，有时叫 plonk（劣质酒）。

Well, Rob, cheap wine doesn't always have to be poor quality. 語法

嗯，Rob，廉价葡萄酒并不总是质量差。

Interestingly, there is some evidence 表達脈絡

有趣的是，有一些证据表明

that shows we only think wine tastes better because it's more expensive. 語法

我们觉得葡萄酒更好喝只是因为它更贵。

Ah, yes.

啊，是的。

This is research Hilke Plassmann from INSEAD Business School in France spoke about

这是法国欧洲工商管理学院（INSEAD）的 Hilke Plassmann 所谈及的研究，

on the BBC World Service's Wine Factor program.

是在 BBC 世界服务台的《The Wine Factor》节目中讲述的。

She's been looking into what influences consumer behavior. 講解

她一直在研究是什么影响了消费者行为。

The price tag affects that region in your brain 用詞

价格标签会影响你大脑中的那个区域，

that encodes your liking of the taste. 用詞

那个编码你对味道喜好程度的区域。

So, in other words, 表達脈絡

所以，换句话说，

you do not only think that you like the more expensive wine more, 表達脈絡

你不仅认为自己更喜欢昂贵的葡萄酒，

you feel you like the more expensive wine more

你甚至感觉自己更喜欢昂贵的葡萄酒，

because your brain region that encodes this feeling

因为你大脑中编码这种感觉的区域

is influenced by the price tag. 語法

受到了价格标签的影响。

So, our brain is possibly playing tricks on us. 習語

所以，我们的大脑可能在欺骗我们。

When we see the price tag on a bottle of wine,

当我们看到一瓶葡萄酒上的价格标签时，

our brain encodes the information and tells us how it should taste.

我们的大脑会编码这些信息，并告诉我们它应该是什么味道。

Encodes means changes the information

编码（encodes）意味着将信息改变

into something that we can use or understand.

成我们可以使用或理解的东西。

Drinking more expensive wine makes you think it tastes better. 語法

喝更贵的葡萄酒会让你觉得它味道更好。

So, perhaps when buying a supermarket wine or wine in a restaurant, 語法

所以，也许在超市或餐厅买酒时，

it may be better telling yourself that the cheaper option is okay. 短語搭配

最好告诉自己便宜的那个也不错。

Hmm, I'll drink to that. 習語

嗯，我完全同意。

But I wonder how that 語氣意圖

但我好奇那瓶

most expensive bottle of wine ever sold at auction tastes. 語法

在拍卖会上卖出的最贵的葡萄酒是什么味道。

The one dating back to 1774 that you asked me about.

就是你问我的那瓶可追溯到1774年的酒。

Hmm, so you thought it sold for $20,800,

嗯，所以你以为它卖了20,800美元，

but sorry, Rob, that's too cheap. 語氣意圖

但是抱歉，Rob，那太便宜了。

It was, in fact, sold for $120,800. 表達脈絡

事实上，它卖了120,800美元。

I assume it wasn't drunk. 語氣意圖

我猜它没被喝掉。

I hope not. 語氣意圖

我希望没有。

Well, I think I'll stick to my plonk for now, Sam.

好吧，我想我现在还是继续喝我的 plonk 吧，Sam。

Plonk was one of our vocabulary words today

Plonk 是我们今天的词汇之一，

and describes cheap, poor quality wine.

描述便宜、劣质的葡萄酒。

We also mentioned a connoisseur,

我们还提到了鉴赏家（connoisseur），

someone who enjoys a particular thing and knows a lot about it.

喜欢特定事物并对此非常了解的人。

A sommelier is someone who serves and gives advice about wine in a restaurant.

侍酒师（sommelier）是在餐厅上酒并提供关于葡萄酒建议的人。

Sheer is a word used to emphasize the amount of something

Sheer（纯粹的）是一个用于强调某物数量的词，

or to mean nothing but.

或表示除了某物什么也没有。

A palate describes someone's ability to distinguish and appreciate different tastes.

味觉（palate）描述了一个人区分和欣赏不同味道的能力。

And finally, encodes

最后，编码（encodes）

means changes information into something we can use or understand.

意味着将信息变成我们可以使用或理解的东西。

But now we're out of time, 表達脈絡

但现在我们时间到了，

so cheers, everyone.

那么，大家干杯。

Thanks for listening and goodbye.

感谢收听，再见。

Goodbye.

再见。

Six Minute English from the BBC.

来自 BBC 的《六分钟英语》。