鱼是如何进食的（慢动作！）- 每天聪明一点点 118：英语精读讲义

Hey, it's me Destin.

嘿，我是 Destin。

Welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

欢迎回到 Smarter Every Day。

So as dads,

作为一个父亲，

when you go fishing,

当你去钓鱼时，

you spend a lot of time thinking about how to get the fish to bite, 講解

你会花很多时间思考如何让鱼咬钩，

but you don't really think about how mechanically the fish do the bite.

但你不会真正思考鱼在机械层面上是如何咬钩的。

Does that make any sense? 語氣意圖

这样说能听懂吗？

So today on Smarter Every Day,

所以今天在 Smarter Every Day 中，

we're going to go to James Cook University in Australia

我们要去澳大利亚的 James Cook University，

and look at how a fish bite takes place in slow motion using a Phantom camera. 短語搭配

并使用 Phantom 摄像机以慢动作观察鱼咬钩的过程。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在变得更聪明。

Okay,

好的，

so how do fish eat?

那么鱼是如何进食的呢？

So they suck food in, 短語動詞

它们会把食物吸进去，

but they have to generate that flow, right?

但它们必须产生那种水流，对吧？

Oh, you talking to me?

噢，你在跟我说话吗？

Yes, I am.

是的。

Dr. Seymour.

Seymour 博士。

I'm trying to do two things at once here.

我试着同时做两件事。

All right,

好的，

so we've got a big tank of barramundi.

我们这里有一个装有 barramundi 的大水缸。

Am I saying that right, Richard? 語氣意圖

我说的对吗，Richard？

Mhm.

嗯。

Why do you have a stick and a string here?

为什么你这里有一根棍子和一根绳子？

Okay,

好的，

this is the stick of death.

这就是“死亡之棍”。

This is what we use to feed everything with. 語法

我们用它来喂所有的东西。

Right?

对吧？

So if we hold that tank on the water,

所以如果我们在水面上拿住它，

then you'll be able to focus on that, 語法

你就能把焦点对准那里，

and you'll be able to see the barramundi come up and

然后你就能看到 barramundi 游上来，然后

Okay, got it.

好的，明白了。

Here it comes.

来了。

Gone.

不见了。

So how do they actually create that flow inwards?

那么它们究竟是如何产生那种向内的水流的呢？

Are they like increasing the chest cavity somehow?

它们是通过某种方式扩大胸腔吗？

It's the buccal cavity or the mouth. 用詞

是口腔（buccal cavity）。

Say what?

你说什么？

The buccal cavity, the mouth.

buccal cavity，就是嘴巴。

So they'll open their operculum, 用詞

所以它们会打开 operculum，

which are the gill flaps,

也就是鳃盖，

and they open their mouth wide,

它们把嘴张大，

and that sucks the water in.

然后就把水吸了进去。

So they're basically creating a vacuum in behind it.

所以它们基本上在后面产生了一个真空。

Buccal cavity?

buccal cavity？

Yep.

是的。

When they open their mouth,

当它们张开嘴时，

why does flow not come in the gills?

为什么水流不会从鳃进来？

Cuz they open the front first.

因为它们先张开了前面。

So you'll have a look,

你看一看，

and you see it on the high speed,

在高速摄像画面里你能看到，

they'll open here,

它们会在这里张开，

yeah, and then that will go,

对，然后它会动，

and they'll push all the water that comes back out through the back of the gills.

然后它们会把所有吸进来的水从鳃的后面推出去。

When you see it on the high speed,

当你在高速画面里看到时，

then it'll make sense.

就能明白了。

No way.

不会吧。

Yeah, yeah.

是的，是的。

Okay, I just had that moment where I figured it out. 短語動詞

好的，我刚才突然顿悟了。

So

那么

Yeah, make sure I do this right.

是的，确保我没理解错。

So the fish opens his mouth,

鱼张开嘴，

and he starts flow in.

开始让水流进来。

Yes.

对。

So you have fluid momentum going in,

所以水流有向内的动量，

and then he still has momentum going in,

然后它仍然有向内的动量，

and if he doesn't get rid of that somehow, 講解

如果它不以某种方式消除这个动量，

it'll push him backwards.

就会把它往后推。

Yep.

是的。

So when it goes in,

所以当水进去时，

after he gets it in his mouth, 語法

在水进入它的嘴里之后，

then he opens his gills,

它就张开鳃，

and he releases that momentum.

释放那个动量。

Shut up! 語氣意圖

别开玩笑了！

I've been fishing my whole life, 語法

我钓了一辈子的鱼，

I didn't know that.

我都不知道这个。

And you'll see it on the high speed.

你会在高速摄像机下看到它的。

Really?

真的吗？

Yeah, yeah.

对，对。

All right.

好的。

Dude, that's awesome.

伙计，这太棒了。

Do it out here in the light.

在这里光线好的地方做。

Yeah, so...

是的，所以……

So the fish is coming up to the food,

鱼游向食物，

and instead of accelerating the whole body

它们不用加速整个身体

to grab the food,

去抓取食物，

fish have a very complex mouth where they can throw the jaws forward. 用詞

鱼有一张非常复杂的嘴，可以将下巴向前抛。

So instead of throwing the whole body mass forward, 語法

所以与其把整个身体的质量往前抛，

at the last moment you have this very complex mouth with all these bones that just opens up.

在最后一刻，它有这种非常复杂的、由各种骨头组成的嘴会张开。

So it closes that gap with the prey.

从而缩短与猎物之间的距离。

Uh or a lot quicker and a lot easier. 語法

呃，而且快得多，也容易得多。

Okay,

好的，

so he doesn't have to accelerate the mass of his whole body, 語法

所以它不需要加速整个身体的质量，

just the front jaws.

只需要加速前面的下颌。

Just the jaws.

只有下颌。

And so when the jaws are thrown forward,

所以当颌部向前弹出时，

as Jamie explained,

就像 Jamie 解释的那样，

it's creating this huge volume,

它创造了巨大的空间体积，

and the water has to rush into it,

水必须涌入其中，

and then out through the gills.

然后通过鳃流出。

And so you get this suction feeding. 用詞

所以就实现了吸食。

That's awesome.

太棒了。

So yeah, so that's suction feeders,

是的，这就是吸食者（suction feeders），

ram feeders, you can call them.

或者你可以叫它们撞击捕食者（ram feeders）。

That was awesome, really.

那真是太棒了，真的。

Yeah.

是的。

Do office, do this?

所有的鱼都这样吗？

No.

不是。

only a few fish actually suck their prey in,

只有一小部分鱼实际上是把猎物吸进去的，

cuz these guys don't have teeth as such. 用詞

因为这些家伙没有那样的牙齿。

Okay.

好的。

So teach me the terminology.

所以教我一下这些术语。

So there's the buccal cavity,

也就是 buccal cavity，

which is the mouth.

即嘴巴。

Yep.

是的。

They open the buccal cavity,

它们打开口腔，

and then they open the gills.

然后打开鳃。

It's your opercular flap.

那是鳃盖瓣。

So the gills are behind this flap.

所以鳃在这个鳃盖后面。

So when that's closed off,

当鳃盖闭合时，

the only entrance is in through the mouth.

唯一的入口是通过嘴巴。

Water sucks in,

水被吸进去，

and you got to get rid of it somewhere,

你必须找个地方把它排出去，

so you then open that out,

所以你再打开那个地方，

and it'll flow through the back here.

水就会从后面这里流出去。

Because you have to dissipate momentum. 短語搭配

因为你必须消散动量。

Yep.

是的。

Okay.

好的。

James Cook University just taught me something about how fish eat.

James Cook University 刚才教了我关于鱼是如何进食的知识。

And I'm assuming you

我猜你

Does this work on like your goldfish in your 用詞

这对你鱼缸里的金鱼

like in your aquarium?

也会适用吗？

Yeah, yeah, same sort of thing.

是的，是的，差不多一样。

When you put the flakes in,

当你放入薄片鱼食时，

you're going to see him open his mouth,

你会看到它张开嘴，

and then open the operculum

然后打开鳃盖，

and dissipate that over the pectoral fin.

把水流从胸鳍上方排出去。

Yeah,

是的，

you're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在变得更聪明。

I'm Destin.

我是 Destin。

Have a good one.

祝你好运。

Have you caught anything yet? 語法

你钓到什么了吗？

No, sir.

没有，先生。

Do you enjoy it anyway?

尽管如此你玩得开心吗？

Yes, sir.

是的，先生。

Do you wish we had an audiobook to listen to? 語法

你希望我们有一本有声读物可以听吗？

Yes, sir.

是的，先生。

Which one?

哪一本？

Captain Nemo.

《尼莫船长》。

Pull, pull.

拉，拉。

Pull, son.

拉，儿子。

Pull it.

拉上来。

I got a fish.

我钓到一条鱼了。

There you go.

干得好。

Keep reeling it in. 講解

继续收线。

All right.

好的。

Okay.

好的。

Uh

呃

He still has the worm in his mouth.

它的嘴里还有虫子。

He does.

是的。

Let's let him eat that worm. 語法

让我们让它把那条虫子吃掉。

So this is what happens.

事情是这样的。

He opens his mouth right here.

它就在这里张开嘴。

The water gets pulled into his mouth, 語法

水被吸进了它的嘴里，

and then he opens his gills after that,

然后它张开了鳃，

and he shoots the water out of that.

然后把水从里面喷出来。

Does that make sense?

听得懂吗？

Yes, sir.

懂了，先生。

Hold on tight. 短語動詞

抓紧了。

Don't be scared.

别害怕。

You ready?

准备好了吗？

Now slowly let him back in the water.

现在慢慢把它放回水里。

There you go.

好的。

All right,

好了，

so that's how fish eat.

这就是鱼进食的方式。

If you are interested in supporting more fishing trips and more episodes of Smarter Every Day,

如果你有兴趣支持我们进行更多的钓鱼之旅和制作更多 Smarter Every Day 的节目，

you can support us by going to audible.com/smarter and getting a free audiobook.

你可以访问 audible.com/smarter 免费获取一本有声读物来支持我们。

Does that sound good to you? 語氣意圖

这个听起来不错吧？

Yes, sir.

是的，先生。

What audiobook do you recommend?

你推荐哪本有声读物？

Um

嗯

20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.

《海底两万里》。

That's right.

没错。

Where do we listen to that?

我们在哪里听那本书呢？

In the car.

在车里。

That's right.

没错。

So if you're interested in helping Smarter Every Day,

所以如果你有兴趣帮助 Smarter Every Day，

go to audible.com/smarter,

请前往 audible.com/smarter，

download a free audiobook.

免费下载一本有声书。

You can get 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea,

你可以获得《海底两万里》，

and you can help Smarter Every Day.

还能帮助 Smarter Every Day。

It'd be a real good thing. 用詞

这会是一件大好事。

Anyway, thank you very much.

总之，非常感谢你。

Do you want to say thank you?

你想说声谢谢吗？

Thank you.

谢谢。

Anyway, I'm Destin.

总之，我是 Destin。

And bye.

拜拜。

I'm Destin.

我是 Destin。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在变得更聪明。

Have a good one.

祝你有美好的一天。