联合起来反对食物浪费 - 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

6 Minute English from the BBC.

BBC的《6分钟英语》。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是BBC英语教学的《6分钟英语》。

I'm Neil.

我是尼尔。

And I'm Sam.

我是萨姆。

Does this situation sound familiar to you, Sam? 短語搭配

萨姆，这个场景听起来对你来说熟悉吗？

You reach into the kitchen refrigerator looking for something to eat,

你伸手去厨房的冰箱里找点吃的，

only to find a brown lettuce, 語法

结果只找到一颗发褐的生菜、

a sad-looking cucumber, 用詞

一根可怜巴巴的黄瓜，

and some 2-week old fish all past its use-by date. 用詞

还有一些过了保质期两周的鱼。

The date printed on the food containers

印在食品包装盒上的那个日期

showing how long it is safe to eat.

显示着在此之前食用是安全的。

Oh, I'm guilty of wasting food, Neil. 短語搭配

噢，我也有浪费食物的罪恶感，尼尔。

Me and many others.

我和许多其他人一样。

According to the UN,

根据联合国的数据，

1/3 of the food we grow ends up in the rubbish bin. 短語動詞

我们种植的食物中有三分之一最终进了垃圾桶。

And it's not just food that's wasted.

被浪费的不仅仅是食物。

It's also the resources used to produce that food.

还有用于生产这些食物的资源。

Things like water, land, and transport.

比如水、土地和运输。

In this program, 表達脈絡

在本期节目中，

we'll be talking about food waste.

我们将讨论食物浪费问题。

We'll meet the people trying to stop us from throwing good food away, 短語動詞

我们会见见那些试图阻止我们扔掉好食物的人，

and as usual, we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well.

而且和往常一样，我们还会学习一些新词汇。

Here in the UK,

在英国，

big supermarkets import food from abroad for customers to enjoy all year round. 短語搭配

大超市从国外进口食品，让顾客全年都能享用。

Summer fruit like strawberries and mangoes are flown in from tropical countries 短語動詞

像草莓和芒果这样的夏季水果从热带国家空运过来

and sold in winter,

并在冬天出售，

increasing carbon emissions as well as waste. 用詞

这增加了碳排放以及浪费。

Yes, that's why you hear the phrase eat local, 文化背景

是的，这就是为什么你会听到“吃当地的，

eat seasonal to encourage people to buy and eat food

吃当季的”这句话，以鼓励人们购买和食用

which has been grown in their local area

在他们当地种植的、

at that time of year.

适合那个时节的食物。

So, Sam, my question is,

那么，萨姆，我的问题是，

which of the following foods can be grown in Britain

下列哪种食物可以在英国

throughout the year?

全年种植？

Is it A, strawberries,

是A，草莓，

B, kale, or C, rhubarb?

B，羽衣甘蓝，还是C，大黄？

Hmm, it's definitely not strawberries

嗯，绝对不是草莓，

cuz they only grow in summer.

因为它们只在夏天生长。

So, I'll say B, kale. 語氣意圖

所以我猜是B，羽衣甘蓝。

Okay, I'll reveal the answer later.

好的，我稍后会公布答案。

We've talked about supermarkets in Britain, 表達脈絡

我们谈论了英国的超市，

but food waste is happening all over the world.

但食物浪费在世界各地都在发生。

In Puerto Rico, too,

在波多黎各也是如此，

most people shop in supermarkets,

大多数人在超市购物，

making it difficult for farmers to choose what to sell 語法

这使得农民很难选择要卖什么

and how much to charge for their fruit and vegetables.

以及为他们的水果和蔬菜定多少价。

Josefina Arcay is a farmer

约瑟菲娜·阿尔凯是一位农民，

who wanted to make it easier for customers to buy local food.

她想让顾客更容易买到当地食物。

She started an online shop to connect shoppers with farmers directly, 短語搭配

她开了一家网店，直接把顾客和农民联系起来，

without the supermarkets.

绕开超市。

Here, Josefina explains her project to Jo Mathys,

在这里，约瑟菲娜向乔·马蒂斯解释了她的项目，

reporter for BBC World Service program People Fixing the World.

乔是BBC世界服务节目《修复世界的人》的记者。

So, Josefina, that's the farmer who we heard earlier

那么，约瑟菲娜就是我们刚才听到的

growing those giant avocados.

种植那些巨型牛油果的农民。

She used to have to sell her crops to these kind of middlemen. 語法

她过去不得不把农作物卖给这类中间商。

We had a lot of

我们有很多

I don't know how you call carreros...

我不知道你们怎么称呼“卡车商贩”……

It's just people that have a big truck,

就是那些开着大卡车的人，

and they will just come by 短語動詞

他们会顺道过来

and they will say, "What do you have?

然后说：“你有什么？

Oh, that's too expensive.

哦，那太贵了。

Very expensive.

非常贵。

I want it half that price." 短語搭配

我要以一半的价格收购。”

So, I didn't have any way of controlling 短語搭配

所以我没有任何办法控制

how I was going to sell.

我的销售方式。

It just depended on these people coming. 語法

这完全取决于这些人来不来。

And a lot of these carreros

而且很多这些“卡车商贩”

are kind of commissioned by the supermarkets.

有点像是受超市委托的。

All this leads to food waste 表達脈絡

所有这些都导致了食物浪费，

because it's really hard for farmers like Josefina,

因为对像约瑟菲娜这样的农民来说，

to predict which crops they're going to be able to sell.

很难预测他们能卖出哪些农作物。

Josefina used to sell her food to carreros or middlemen, 用詞

约瑟菲娜过去常把食物卖给“卡车商贩”或中间商，

people who buy food directly from the grower

他们是直接从种植者那里购买食物

and make money by selling it on to customers. 短語動詞

然后转卖给顾客以赚取利润的人。

Josefine had no control over what to sell, 短語搭配

约瑟菲娜无法控制要卖什么，

and a lot of her food went to waste. 短語搭配

她很多食物都浪费掉了。

Usually, middlemen are commissioned. 用詞

通常，中间商是受委托的。

They received a payment from the supermarkets

他们从超市那里收到一笔报酬，

directly related to the amount they sell.

报酬与他们的销售量直接挂钩。

But, with Josefina's online shop,

但是，有了约瑟菲娜的网店，

farmers get a fair price for their food,

农民们为他们的食物获得了公平的价格，

customers get high quality fresh vegetables,

顾客得到了高质量的新鲜蔬菜，

and less food is wasted.

食物浪费也减少了。

Another problem is that we throw away food

另一个问题是我们买完食物后

after we've bought it.

又把它扔掉。

In fact, the UN estimates that 60%

事实上，联合国估计60%的

of food waste happens in this way,

食物浪费就是这样发生的，

often because it's past the use-by date

通常是因为它过了保质期，

and might not be safe to eat.

可能食用不安全。

But, according to green designer Solveiga Pakstaite, 用詞

但是，据绿色设计师索尔维加·帕克斯泰特说，

these use-by dates aren't always accurate,

这些保质期并不总是准确的，

something she discussed with BBC World Service's

这是她与BBC世界服务节目的

People Fixing the World.

《修复世界的人》讨论的事情。

Well, food makers don't know how people will keep their products.

嗯，食品制造商不知道人们将如何保存他们的产品。

So, for instance, they might forget to put their groceries 短語搭配

所以，例如，人们回家后可能忘记把买来的东西

straight in the fridge when they get home.

直接放进冰箱。

So, what they do is they calculate the use-by date 語法

所以，他们所做的就是计算保质期

using a very cautious estimate. 用詞

采用非常谨慎的估算。

Food producers and supermarkets,

食品生产商和超市，

they kind of have to calculate it to the worst-case scenario 用詞

他们在某种程度上必须按最坏的情况来计算，

because they don't know which product is going to get stored 語法

因为他们不知道哪个产品会被储存在

at the wrong temperature.

错误的温度下。

So, they have to blanket apply a shorter date 用詞

所以，他们不得不一刀切地应用一个较短的日期，

to protect consumers.

以保护消费者。

Supermarkets set cautious use-by dates for the worst-case scenario.

超市为了最坏的情况设定了谨慎的保质期。

The worst case that could possibly happen in a situation,

最坏的情况可能是一种情况下可能发生的最糟状况，

for example, someone getting sick and dying of food poisoning.

比如，有人因为食物中毒而生病甚至死亡。

In other words, they blanket apply use-by dates. 表達脈絡

换句话说，他们一刀切地应用保质期。

Here, blanket is an adverb

在这里，“一刀切地”是个副词，

meaning applied in the same way to everything,

意思是“以同样的方式应用于所有事物”，

even when there are differences between those things.

即使这些事物之间存在差异。

Doing this protects customers from bad food,

这样做虽然保护了顾客免受变质食物的伤害，

but it also means a lot of safe-to-eat food gets thrown away. 用詞

但也意味着大量安全可食用的食物被扔掉了。

Maybe it's best to stick to local seasonal food after all. 短語動詞

也许坚持吃当地的当季食物终究是最好的选择。

Anyway, Neil, what was the answer to your question?

话说回来，尼尔，你刚才那个问题的答案是什么？

Right. I asked you which food could be grown in Britain

对了。我问你下列哪种食物能在英国

all year round.

全年种植。

You said kale,

你说羽衣甘蓝，

which was the correct answer.

这是正确答案。

Uh-huh.

嗯哼。

Unlike strawberries and rhubarb, kale grows in all seasons. 表達脈絡

与草莓和大黄不同，羽衣甘蓝一年四季都生长。

And what's more, it's good for you, too. 表達脈絡

而且，它对你的身体也有好处。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned

好的，让我们复习一下我们学过的词汇，

starting with use-by date,

从保质期开始，

the date until which food is safe to eat.

即在此日期之前食用是安全的日期。

The slogan eat local, eat seasonal

“吃当地的，吃当季的”这个口号

encourages people to buy food

鼓励人们购买

which has been grown locally during the current season.

在当前季节于当地种植的食物。

A middleman buys produce directly from the producer

中间商直接从生产商那里购买农产品，

before selling it on to customers for a profit.

然后转卖给顾客以获取利润。

If he is commissioned,

如果他是受委托的，

he received a payment directly related to the amount he sells.

他将收到一笔与他的销售量直接挂钩的报酬。

The worst-case scenario describes the most serious unpleasant thing

最坏的情况描述的是在某个情况下

that could happen in a situation.

可能发生的最严重、最令人不快的事情。

And finally, the adverb blanket

最后，副词“一刀切地”

means applied in the same uniform way to everything,

意思是“以同样统一的方式应用于所有事物”，

even when there are differences between those things.

即使这些事物之间存在差异。

Bye for now.

暂且再见。

Bye-bye.

再见。

6 Minute English from the BBC.

BBC的《6分钟英语》。