抵抗希特勒的秘密学生组织 - 伊索尔特·吉莱斯皮 (Iseult Gillespie)：英语精读讲义

In 1943, Allied aircraft swooped over Nazi Germany,

1943年，盟军飞机呼啸着飞越纳粹德国上空，

raining tens of thousands of leaflets on people below. 習語

向下面的人们投下数以万计的传单。

Written by anonymous Germans, the leaflets urged readers to renounce Hitler, 講解

这些传单由匿名德国人撰写，敦促读者谴责希特勒，

to fight furiously for the future, and to never give up hope. 短語搭配

为未来奋力拼搏，永不放弃希望。

Their call to action rippled through homes and businesses, 講解

他们的行动号召在各个家庭和企业中激起涟漪，

and news of their message even reached concentration camps and prisons.

其信息甚至传到了集中营和监狱。

It was only after the war had ended 語法

直到战争结束之后，

that the authors' identities, stories,

作者们的身份、故事，

and tragic fate would come to light. 習語

以及悲惨的命运才为人所知。

When Hitler seized power 10 years earlier, 短語搭配

在10年前希特勒夺取政权时，

Hans and Sophie Scholl were teenagers in the town of Forchtenberg.

汉斯·绍尔和索菲·绍尔还是福希滕贝格镇的青少年。

At that time,

当时，

fear, propaganda, and surveillance

恐惧、政治宣传和监控

kept all aspects of life for the Scholl family 語法

使绍尔一家的生活方方面面，

and millions of other Germans under Nazi control.

连同数百万其他德国人，都被置于纳粹的控制之下。

The government specifically targeted young people,

政府专门针对年轻人，

setting up institutions to regulate their behavior and police their thoughts. 講解

设立机构来规范他们的行为并控制他们的思想。

As teenagers,

在青少年时期，

Hans was a member of the Hitler Youth, 文化背景

汉斯是希特勒青年团的成员，

and Sophie joined the League of German Girls. 文化背景

索菲加入了德国少女联盟。

Hans rose through the ranks 習語

汉斯职位不断晋升，

and oversaw the training and indoctrination of other young people. 用詞

并负责监督其他年轻人的训练和灌输思想工作。

In 1936,

1936年，

he was chosen to carry the flag at a national rally.

他被选中在一次全国集会上举旗。

But when he witnessed the zeal of Nazi rhetoric,

但当他目睹了纳粹极端狂热的言论时，

he began to question it for the first time. 用詞

他第一次开始对其产生质疑。

Meanwhile,

与此同时，

Sophie was also starting to doubt the information she was being fed. 習語

索菲也开始怀疑她所接收到的信息。

Their parents, Robert and Magdalena,

他们的父母，罗伯特和马格达莱娜，

who had feared they were losing their children to Nazi ideology, 習語

一直担心自己的孩子会被纳粹思想毒害，

encouraged these misgivings. 用詞

于是鼓励了孩子们的这种疑虑。

At home,

在家里，

Robert and Magdalena listened to foreign radio stations 語法

罗伯特和马格达莱娜收听外国广播电台，

the government first discouraged and later banned.

这些电台最初不被政府鼓励，后来干脆被封禁。

While the government churned out national broadcasts 短語動詞

当政府大量炮制全国广播

which denied Nazi atrocities, 用詞

否认纳粹暴行时，

the Scholls learned shocking truths.

绍尔一家却了解到了令人震惊的真相。

And yet they were still subject to the rules of life in Hitler's Germany. 講解

然而，他们仍然受制于希特勒治下德国的生活规则。

After the outbreak of war,

战争爆发后，

Sophie reluctantly worked for the national effort,

索菲不情愿地为国家效力，

and Hans had to take on army duties 短語動詞

而汉斯不得不在承担军队职责的同时

while attending medical school in Munich. 語法

还要在慕尼黑上医学院。

That was where Hans met Christoph Probst,

正是在那里，汉斯遇到了克里斯托夫·普罗布斯特、

Willi Graf, and Alexander Schmorell.

维利·格拉夫和亚历山大·施莫雷尔。

Day by day,

日复一日，

each grew more sickened by Nazi ideology. 語法

每个人对纳粹思想越来越感到厌恶。

They longed to share their views,

他们渴望分享自己的观点，

but how could they spread them 表達脈絡

但是他们要如何传播这些观点呢，

when it was impossible to know who to trust?

毕竟根本不知道该信任谁？

And so, 表達脈絡

于是，

the friends decided to rebel anonymously.

这几个朋友决定以匿名方式反抗。

They pooled their money and bought printing materials. 短語搭配

他们凑钱买了一些印刷材料。

An acquaintance let them use a cellar under his studio. 語法

一个熟人让他们使用他工作室下面的地窖。

In secret,

在暗地里，

they began drafting their message.

他们开始起草反抗信息。

In June 1942,

1942年6月，

mysterious anti-Nazi leaflets began appearing all over Munich.

神秘的反纳粹传单开始出现在慕尼黑各地。

They were signed, "The White Rose." 文化背景

传单署名为“白玫瑰”。

The first leaflet denounced Hitler

第一张传单谴责了希特勒，

and called for Germans to sabotage the war effort. 短語搭配

并呼吁德国人破坏战争行动。

"Adopt passive resistance. 用詞

“采取消极抵抗。

Block the functioning of this atheistic war machine 習語

阻碍这台无神论战争机器的运转，

before it is too late, 表達脈絡

在一切太迟之前，

before the last city is a heap of rubble,

在最后一座城市沦为废墟之前，

before the last youth of our nation bleeds to death.

在我们国家最后一名青年流血致死之前。

Don't forget that each people gets the government it deserves." 習語

不要忘记，每个民族都会得到它应得的政府。”

At a time when a sarcastic remark could constitute treason, 講解

在哪怕是一句讽刺的话也能构成叛国罪的时代，

this language was unprecedented.

这种语言简直是史无前例。

It was written mostly by Hans Scholl.

这些传单主要由汉斯·绍尔执笔。

In 1942,

1942年，

Sophie came to Munich

索菲来到慕尼黑，

knowing nothing of her brother's activities. 語法

对她哥哥的活动一无所知。

She soon encountered the leaflets at school,

她很快在学校里看到了这些传单，

but it was not until she discovered evidence in Hans's room 語法

但直到她在汉斯的房间里发现了证据，

that she realized who'd written them.

她才意识到这是谁写的。

Her shock soon gave way to resolve. 習語

她的震惊很快转化为决心。

She wanted in. 用詞

她想加入。

For both siblings,

对兄妹俩来说，

it was time to escalate the fury 短語搭配

是时候升级那种

that had been brewing for years. 習語

酝酿多年的愤怒了。

From June 1942 to February 1943,

从1942年6月到1943年2月，

the group worked feverishly.

这个小组狂热地工作着。

While the Gestapo searched for leads,

在盖世太保寻找线索的同时，

the White Rose were constantly on guard. 短語搭配

白玫瑰始终保持警惕。

The war raged on.

战争还在继续。

Regulations tightened,

管制更加严格，

and Munich suffered air raids,

慕尼黑也遭到了空袭，

but the White Rose ventured deeper into conspiracy. 習語

但白玫瑰却向阴谋的更深处迈进。

They graffitied buildings

他们在建筑物上涂鸦，

and braved trains swarming with Gestapo. 用詞

并冒着危险乘坐挤满盖世太保的火车。

In the winter of 1942,

1942年冬天，

Hans made a treacherous journey to the Czechoslovakian border

汉斯冒着极大危险踏上了前往捷克斯洛伐克边境的旅程，

to meet anti-Nazi rebels.

去会见反纳粹抵抗者。

On February 18th, 1943,

1943年2月18日，

Sophie and Hans brought a suitcase of leaflets to their university.

索菲和汉斯带着一满手提箱的传单来到他们的大学。

A custodian noticed what they were doing

一名管理员注意到了他们的举动，

and reported them to the Gestapo. 短語搭配

并向盖世太保举报了他们。

Both calmly denied any involvement 短語搭配

两人平静地否认参与了任何事情，

until the police gathered all the leaflets

直到警察收集了所有的传单，

and placed them back in the empty case,

然后把它们放回那个空箱子里，

where they fit perfectly.

结果竟然严丝合缝。

When Hans and Sophie confessed,

汉斯和索菲坦白后，

they were immediately led to court

立即被带上法庭，

and sentenced to death by guillotine. 用詞

并被判处断头台死刑。

Despite a grueling interrogation, 語法

尽管经历了严酷的审讯，

the two refused to betray their co-conspirators. 短語搭配

这两人仍拒绝出卖他们的同谋。

Before her execution,

在行刑前，

Sophie declared her fury at the state of her country, 用詞

索菲表达了她对国家现状的愤怒，

but she also spoke to a more hopeful future. 短語動詞

但她也谈到了一个更充满希望的未来。

"How can we expect righteousness to prevail 表達脈絡

“怎么能指望正义占上风呢，

when there is hardly anyone willing to give himself up individually to a righteous cause? 講解

当几乎没有人愿意为了正义的事业而牺牲自己时？

Such a fine sunny day,

这么晴朗的阳光，

and I have to go.

而我却要走了。

But what does my death matter 表達脈絡

但是我的死又有什么关系呢，

if through us

如果通过我们

thousands of people are awakened and stirred to action?" 短語搭配

能唤醒成千上万的人并激发他们行动起来？”

Ever wondered how Hitler rose to power

曾经好奇过希特勒最初是如何

in the first place?

夺取政权的吗？

Find out with this video.

看看这个视频了解一下吧。

Or,

或者，

for more gut-wrenching bravery and subterfuge,

如果想了解更多惊心动魄的勇气与隐秘行动，

check out this lesson on Harriet Tubman,

请观看这期关于哈莉特·塔布曼的课程，

liberator of enslaved peoples,

她是被奴役人民的解放者，

and secret general in the Union Army.

也是联邦军的秘密将领。