为什么这么多CEO都来自印度：英语精读讲义

Google, Adobe, Microsoft and IBM are all run by people who grew up in India.

谷歌、Adobe、微软和 IBM 的掌舵人都是在印度长大的人。

The latest to join these ranks is Twitter's CEO Parag Agrawal, 習語

最新加入这一行列的是 Twitter 首席执行官 Parag Agrawal，

who took over from Jack Dorsey. 短語動詞

他接替了 Jack Dorsey。

People originally from India make up 1% of the total US population, 短語動詞

原籍印度的移民占美国总人口的 1%，

yet about 6% of Silicon Valley's workforce.

却占了硅谷劳动力的约 6%。

So,

那么，

why are there so many tech CEOs who hail from India? 短語搭配

为什么有这么多来自印度的科技公司 CEO？

When Satya Nadella took over as CEO of Microsoft in 2014,

当 Satya Nadella 在 2014 年接任微软 CEO 时，

the company was in bad shape. 習語

公司的状况很糟糕。

Bill Gates was reportedly an angry and difficult boss.

据说比尔·盖茨是一个容易发脾气、很难相处的老板。

His successor, Steve Ballmer,

他的继任者 Steve Ballmer，

apparently wasn't any better.

显然也好不到哪里去。

Microsoft was also a dinosaur. 習語

微软当时也像是一头恐龙。

It had failed to innovate.

它缺乏创新。

For example, it lost the smartphone battle to Apple. 習語

比如，它在智能手机大战中输给了苹果。

Along comes Nadella, 表達脈絡

然后 Nadella 出现了，

an engineer who rose through the ranks of Microsoft to become the CEO. 習語

他是一位从微软基层晋升为 CEO 的工程师。

Nadella changed the culture of the company.

Nadella 改变了公司的文化。

He made it clear anger and yelling weren't welcome. 語法

他明确表示，愤怒和咆哮在这里不受欢迎。

He also sought to make Microsoft relevant.

他还试图让微软重新获得竞争力。

We now need to make Microsoft thrive in a mobile-first and cloud-first world. 用詞

我们现在需要让微软在移动优先和云优先的世界中蓬勃发展。

Under his direction,

在他的领导下，

Microsoft moved its software to non-Windows devices and expanded its cloud business, Azure.

微软将其软件引入了非 Windows 设备，并扩展了其云业务 Azure。

That innovative spirit of problem solving was bred in his native country.

这种解决问题的创新精神，正是在他的祖国孕育的。

India is home to nearly 1.4 billion people. 短語搭配

印度拥有近 14 亿人口。

It's the second most populous country on Earth after China

它是地球上人口第二多的国家，仅次于中国，

and is expected to overtake China as the most populous country in a few years. 語法

并有望在几年内超过中国，成为人口最多的国家。

Although India has made remarkable progress, 語法

尽管印度取得了显著的进步，

poverty is still a major challenge.

但贫困仍然是一个重大挑战。

Nearly a quarter of the population lives below the poverty line of $1.90 a day, 文化背景

近四分之一的人口生活在每天 1.90 美元的贫困线以下，

according to the United Nations Development Program.

根据联合国开发计划署的数据。

They face corruption, poor infrastructure,

他们面临腐败、糟糕的基础设施，

and limited opportunities.

以及有限的机会。

So,

因此，

they learn to be resilient, adapt,

他们学会了坚韧、适应，

and overcome endless obstacles.

并克服无尽的障碍。

This leads them to be problem solvers, 語法

这使得他们成为解决问题的高手，

a key asset in any corporation.

也是任何公司的关键资产。

Sundar Pichai has had to solve many problems after taking over at the helm of Google in 2015. 習語

Sundar Pichai 在 2015 年接任谷歌掌门人后，不得不解决许多问题。

At a time when Big Tech is being scrutinized over the power they hold. 用詞

当时正值科技巨头因其拥有的权力而受到审查之际。

He became the archetype of a kinder, calmer, gentler leader in tech.

他成了科技界更善良、更冷静、更温和的领导者的典范。

Pichai earned an engineering degree at one of the Indian Institutes of Technology.

Pichai 在印度理工学院之一获得了工程学位。

The IITs are kind of like the Indian equivalent of MIT with an even lower acceptance rate, 文化背景

IIT 有点像印度的麻省理工学院（MIT），但录取率更低，

reportedly of 1% or 2%.

据报道只有 1% 或 2%。

After Pichai graduated,

Pichai 毕业后，

his ticket to America came in the form of a master's at Stanford. 習語

斯坦福大学的硕士学位成了他通往美国的门票。

Going to a top grad school in the States

去美国读顶尖的研究所

is how many Indians land up in the land of opportunity. 講解

是许多印度人来到这片充满机会的土地的方式。

They appear to follow this well-trodden path. 習語

他们似乎遵循着这条轻车熟路的轨迹。

They did their undergrad at a great school in India,

他们在印度的一所优秀学校读本科，

got a master's in the US,

在美国获得硕士学位，

where they studied STEM, 文化背景

在那里他们学习了 STEM，

science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

即科学、技术、工程和数学。

More than half of all international students in America pursued a STEM degree in the past academic year.

在过去的学年里，美国超过一半的国际学生攻读了 STEM 学位。

American immigration favors people with specialized skills.

美国的移民政策青睐拥有专业技能的人。

After Pichai graduated,

Pichai 毕业后，

he went on an H-1B visa to work at consulting firm McKinsey. 文化背景

他凭借 H-1B 签证去了咨询公司麦肯锡工作。

The H-1B allows American companies to employ foreign workers,

H-1B 签证允许美国公司雇佣外籍员工，

many of whom are in IT-related fields. 語法

其中许多人从事 IT 相关领域。

The US government awarded nearly 75% of these visas to Indians in 2020.

2020 年，美国政府将近 75% 的此类签证发给了印度人。

In comparison, China trailed far behind in second at 12%. 短語搭配

相比之下，中国以 12% 远远落后，位居第二。

The fact that so many Indians can speak English is a tremendous advantage in the West,

这么多印度人会说英语，这在西方是一个巨大的优势，

and they're comfortable with American business culture,

而且他们对美国的商业文化感到适应，

possibly because it mirrors the thriving IT industry back home in Bangalore, Chennai, and Hyderabad.

这可能是因为它与班加罗尔、金奈和海得拉巴国内蓬勃发展的 IT 产业相呼应。

They're also more likely to want to work overseas.

他们也更有可能想要出国工作。

80% of Chinese international students return to China after graduating,

80%的中国留学生毕业后回国，

according to China's Ministry of Education.

根据中国教育部的说法。

Chinese entrepreneurs prefer starting their own companies at home.

中国企业家更喜欢在国内创办自己的公司。

Alibaba is known as the Amazon of China. 表達脈絡

阿里巴巴被称为中国的亚马逊。

Tencent owns the messaging app WeChat,

腾讯拥有即时通讯应用微信，

used by 1.2 billion people.

用户达 12 亿。

Huawei is one of the giants of the tech industry.

华为是科技行业的巨头之一。

China's transition from a manufacturing hub to a tech hotbed has largely been driven by government policy. 講解

中国从制造业中心向科技热点的转变，很大程度上是由政府政策推动的。

In the late 70s,

在 70 年代末，

Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping encouraged foreign businesses to set up offices in China, 短語動詞

中国领导人邓小平鼓励外国企业在中国设立办事处，

which fostered a startup environment.

这培养了创业环境。

On the other hand, 表達脈絡

另一方面，

India has a problem of too much talent leaving the country for good. 習語

印度面临着过多人才永久流失国外的问题。

It has the highest number of migrants living abroad at 17 and a half million,

它的海外移民人数最多，达到 1750 万，

according to the UN.

根据联合国的数据。

And more Indians gave up their passports to become naturalized American citizens in 2020 than the Chinese, 文化背景

而且在 2020 年，放弃护照入籍成为美国公民的印度人比中国人还多，

continuing the trend from past years.

延续了过去几年的趋势。

However,

然而，

the brain drain from India may be starting to recede. 文化背景

印度的人才流失可能开始减少。

An increasing number of home-grown Indian startups are becoming unicorns, 文化背景

越来越多的本土印度初创公司正在成为独角兽，

meaning the companies are valued at $1 billion or more.

意味着这些公司的估值达到 10 亿美元或以上。

The data platform Tracxn tells NewsThink India created 47 unicorns in 2021,

数据平台 Tracxn 告诉 NewsThink，印度在 2021 年创造了 47 家独角兽企业，

a significant jump from the 17 in 2020 and even less in years past. 短語搭配

比 2020 年的 17 家大幅跃升，甚至比过去几年更多。

The tech ecosystem is being bolstered by powerful investment firms such as SoftBank that have been pumping money into Indian startups. 習語

包括软银在内的强大投资公司一直在向印度初创企业注入资金，从而支持了这里的科技生态系统。

But in order to entice more people to remain in their native country, 短語搭配

但是，为了吸引更多的人留在他们的祖国，

salaries will have to catch up with those in the West. 短語動詞

薪水必须赶上西方的水平。

The average American tech worker earns around $98,000 a year,

美国科技工作者的平均年薪约为 98,000 美元，

according to the online recruiting platform Dice.

根据在线招聘平台 Dice 的数据。

Tech salaries in India vary greatly,

印度科技行业的薪水差异很大，

but the job site Indeed pegs the median salary at $20,000 US, 用詞

但招聘网站 Indeed 认为中位数工资为 20,000 美元，

going up to as much as $33,000

最高可达 33,000 美元

which makes them some of the top earners in their country,

这使他们成为国内收入最高的人群之一，

but still far less than what they'd make in the States. 語法

但仍然远远低于他们在美国的收入。

As salaries grow along with India's startup boom,

随着印度创业热潮带动薪水增长，

this could have implications for the number of exceptional individuals desiring to move abroad. 短語搭配

这可能会对渴望出国的杰出人才数量产生影响。

The one thing that the CEOs of tech giants have in common 短語搭配

科技巨头 CEO 们的共同点

is their strong background in engineering.

就是他们拥有强大的工程学背景。

If you wanted to improve your STEM skills, 語氣意圖

如果你想提高你的 STEM 技能，

my sponsor Brilliant can help you achieve your goals.

我的赞助商 Brilliant 可以帮助你实现目标。

Brilliant is a website and app that lets you tackle math, science, and computer science concepts

Brilliant 是一个网站和应用程序，让你能应对数学、科学和计算机科学的理念

in a fun and hands-on way. 用詞

以一种有趣且亲自动手的方式。

You can develop your critical thinking skills through their recently updated logic course

你可以通过他们最近更新的逻辑课程来培养批判性思维技能，

that forms the basis for mathematical reasoning. 短語搭配

这是数学推理的基础。

Or you can jump right in to their popular mathematical fundamentals course 短語動詞

或者你也可以直接进入他们受欢迎的数学基础课程，

to master algebra, logic, and number theory.

掌握代数、逻辑和数论。

There's something for everyone,

这里有适合每个人的内容，

whether it's the foundations of computer science 語法

无论是计算机科学的基础知识

or learning about cryptocurrency.

还是了解加密货币。

If you're stuck on a question or get an incorrect answer, 短語搭配

如果你卡在一个问题上，或者得到了错误的答案，

you can read the explanation to see where you went wrong. 習語

你可以阅读解释，看看自己错在哪里。

Brilliant is free to sign up

Brilliant 注册是免费的，

if you head to the custom link in my description,

只要你点击我描述里的自定义链接，

brilliant.org/newsthink.

brilliant.org/newsthink。

And the first 200 of you to sign up with my link

前 200 名使用我的链接注册的人

will receive 20% off Brilliant's annual premium subscription, 用詞

将获得 Brilliant 年度高级订阅 20% 的折扣，

which unlocks all of the courses.

该订阅可解锁所有课程。

Thanks for watching.

感谢观看。

For NewsThink,

这里是 NewsThink，

I'm Cindy Pom.

我是 Cindy Pom。