精灵语、克林贡语、多斯拉克语和纳美语是真实的语言吗？ - 约翰·麦克沃特：英语精读讲义

完成 one of ... is that ... 句型：One of the best things about this library ____ it stays open late.

哪一句自然地表示“这个社群拥有一套特属于自己的完整语言体系”？

1. The community uses a few invented words instead of a full language.
2. The community studies a real language spoken somewhere else.
3. The community has its own real language, not just a few invented words.

用表示“紧接着发生”的习语完成句子：The second update ____ the first update.

用 have 的现在完成时完成句子：They ____ this family business since 2012.

在这个句子中，And let's not forget 起什么作用？

1. 它为讨论补充了另一个重要例子。
2. 它告诉听众，他们的记忆出了问题。
3. 它引入了一个与前面例子相矛盾的例子。

判断下面的理解：在该句中，official grandfather 指由政府或机构正式授予的称号。

1. 错误
2. 正确

完成 X is short for Y 句型：Demo ____ demonstration.

在句子“A good team is more than a group of talented people.”中，more than 是什么意思？

1. 不应把这支团队仅仅理解为一群有才华的人。
2. 这支团队包含不止一个群体。
3. 这支团队在物理长度上比那个群体更长。

用 not just 来排除过于狭窄的定义：A city is ____ a collection of buildings; it is also a network of communities.

用一个把词义呈现为巧合的三个词短语补全句子：We chose the name for its sound, but it ____ hope in another language.

选择正确使用 What makes X Y 作主语，并在后面指出决定性因素的句子。

1. What makes this jacket warm because it has a wool lining.
2. What this jacket makes warm is its wool lining.
3. What makes this jacket warm is its wool lining.

哪一句承认某件事有帮助，但没有把它说成结果的保证？

1. Planning ahead is completely useless.
2. Planning ahead guarantees that nothing will go wrong.
3. It helps, of course, to plan ahead, but a plan cannot prevent every surprise.

补全两项对比结构：Explain the difference ____ a password ____ a passcode.

补全名词 + alone 结构：Money ____ cannot solve every problem.

用 put together 的正确形式完成句子：Yesterday, Lena ____ a short presentation from the team's notes.

哪一项使用 After all 为第一句话引出支持证据？

1. We rested after all the hikers reached camp.
2. The trail may be slippery. After all, it rained all night.
3. The trail may be slippery. In the end, we chose another path.

请用目标结构补全句子，表示即使有这个优势，能力仍然很有限：You could own every tool and ____ repair the bike.

哪一句表示 Maya 在辩论中说得比我高明得多？

1. Maya can talk me into joining the debate.
2. Maya can talk rings around me in a debate.
3. Maya can talk over me during the debate.

Lena went home early. 请选择能正确说明原因的后续句子。

1. That's why she felt sick.
2. That's because she felt sick.
3. That's when she felt sick.

请用表示“如何把词语组织成句子”的目标短语补全句子：I know the vocabulary, but I don't know ____.

在例句中，That is, 表示什么？

1. 后面的分句与前面的意思形成对比。
2. 后面的分句给出一个较宽泛观点的例子。
3. 后面的分句把前面的意思说得更清楚。

哪句话正确使用 make + 宾语 + 形容词 来描述状态变化？

1. To make brighter the screen, move the slider to the right.
2. To make the screen brighter, move the slider to the right.
3. To make the screen brightness, move the slider to the right.

请用表示“随着时间逐渐地”的目标双词短语完成句子：Family traditions can change ____ as new generations add their own ideas.

请用表示“这类事物不存在”的四词固定表达完成句子：There's ____ a plan that works in every situation.

哪句话用 as 表示一个变化随着另一个过程持续进行而发展？

1. Although children practice, their reading becomes smoother.
2. Because children practice, their reading becomes smoother.
3. As children practice, their reading becomes smoother.

用 drift into 和 shed 的过去式完成句子：After moving, Maya slowly ____ a new routine and ____ some old habits.

这句引语在本句中起什么作用？

1. 它是一段用于讨论语言变化的熟悉宗教文本。
2. 它是在说明面包必须每天烘焙。
3. 它是在面包店里向别人下普通命令。

用本课中表示“系统而详细地展开”的表达完成句子：The researchers ____ the language's development over five centuries.

哪一句正确使用 when 从句先设置时间背景，再给出主要信息？

1. The hikers when reached the cabin, they found the door open.
2. When the hikers the cabin, they found the door open.
3. When the hikers reached the cabin, they found the door open.

使用 the word for + concept + is 结构，表达 agua 是西班牙语中表示 water 的词：In Spanish, the ____ agua.

哪个句子自然地使用 over time ... became ... 来概括逐渐发生的变化？

1. On time, the quiet village became a busy town.
2. Over time, the quiet village became a busy town.
3. At one time, the quiet village was a busy town.

用 turn 的正确形式完成句子：The cold air arrived, with the rain ____ into snow.

用本课表示“正如……一样”的两个英文单词补全类比：____ real maps, this digital map uses symbols to show landmarks.

用本课表示“分离并形成若干群体”的三个英文单词补全句子：After the dispute, the members ____ three smaller groups.

句首的 When 从句在这句话中起什么作用？

1. 它询问罗马人何时学会了这三种语言。
2. 它先交代历史背景，再给出主要结果。
3. 它先给出主要结果，再交代背景。

用 be born 的过去时形式完成句子，表示抽象事物的起源：A new style of jazz ____ in the neighborhood during the 1940s.

哪句话最恰当地描述了逐渐产生的分化？

1. The two suitcases moved one meter apart when I pushed them.
2. The glass broke apart the moment it hit the floor.
3. The two regional accents grew apart over several generations.

阅读这个例子：“The roads were flooded. Thus, the event was canceled.” Thus 表示什么？

1. 时间顺序中的下一步
2. 与前一个事实形成的对比
3. 由前一个事实造成或支持的结果

选择正确使用 made sure + 从句，并用 did 代替前文动作的选项。

1. The old app warned users before deleting a file. The designer made the new app sure to did the same kind of thing.
2. The old app warned users before deleting a file. The designer made sure did the new app the same kind of thing.
3. The old app warned users before deleting a file. The designer made sure the new app did the same kind of thing.

哪句话使用 while 来组织两个群体之间的对比？

1. While one group kept the old spelling, the other adopted a new one.
2. Because one group kept the old spelling, the other adopted a new one.
3. While I was checking the spelling, the phone rang.

本句中的 Avari 和 Middle-earth 分别指什么？

1. 托尔金虚构世界中的精灵群体与故事地点
2. 现实中的民族与欧洲的一个地区
3. 来自不同国家的两种英语形式

用 drop out 的过去式完成句子，表示“从拼写中消失”：Over time, the silent letter ____ of the word.

哪句话自然地使用 flesh out 表示“通过补充细节来完善”？

1. The team fleshed out the basic plan with a timeline and budget.
2. The team filled out the application with their names.
3. The team carried out the plan exactly as written.

下面这句话是什么意思？The two menus are different in the same way the lunch and dinner menus are.

1. 四份菜单完全一样。
2. 第一组比第二组差异更大。
3. 两组对象呈现相似的差异模式。

一位经理正在对从未看过日程的新员工说话。下面这样使用 as you know 是否合适？As you know, our weekly meeting is on Tuesday.

1. 不合适
2. 合适

哪一句中的 messy 表示“不规整、难以整理”，而不是实际空间不整洁？

1. The new equation is complex, but its steps follow a clear order.
2. The records are messy because dates use three different formats.
3. My desk is messy because papers are scattered everywhere.

请用 have a way of + grow 的正确形式完成句子：Small worries ____ when we keep them to ourselves.

just like in a living room or on a bookshelf 在这段说明中起什么作用？

1. 表示变化只会发生在房间和书架上。
2. 用熟悉的类比让抽象观点更容易想象。
3. 把话题改成如何摆放家具。

选择正确使用 That's why、从已说明的原因转向结果的句子。

1. School closed early. That's why the roads were icy.
2. The roads were icy. That's because school closed early.
3. The roads were icy. That's why school closed early.

用 make sure that 的过去式完成句子：The organizer ____ every child had a seat。

下面句子中的 conjugated 是什么意思？ In Spanish, verbs are conjugated for person and number.

1. 它们的形式发生变化，以表示语法信息。
2. 它们通过标点符号与名词连接。
3. 它们被翻译成多种语言。

用本课短语补全句子，表达“必须记住”的意思： Some irregular spellings are things you ____.

用 take 加上一个表示“连这个出人意料地基础的情况也包括在内”的强调词完成句子：To test the idea, ____ the word go.

用一个能添加非限制性评论的关系词完成句子：The past form is irregular, ____ makes it hard to predict.

朋友说：“My family was badly hurt in an accident.” 用“Oh well”回应是否合适？

1. 不合适
2. 合适

在例句中，The truth is, though, 表达什么话语功能？

1. 它表示说话人要结束这个话题。
2. 它引出一个更准确、并限制前面印象的判断。
3. 它请听者确认一个事实。

用 more A than B 结构补全句子，表示这段话更像警告，而不是承诺：His message was ____ a promise.

用 rather than 补全句子，把前一种描述确定为准确说法，并排除后一种描述：The trip was a working visit ____ a holiday.

选择正确表示“很多对话内容被重写了”的句子。

1. Much of the dialogue was rewritten.
2. Much of the dialogue were rewritten.
3. Many of the dialogue were rewritten.

哪个句子表示“原著出版后，后来的作者又创造了几个词”？

1. Several words have been made up by later writers since the original book was published.
2. The new glossary is made up of several sections.
3. The writers worked overtime to make up for the delay.

哪句话能自然地表示“这项重建依赖于对某个具体问题的不确定推测”？

1. The reconstruction is based on guesses to what the lost inscription said.
2. The reconstruction is based of guesses about what the lost inscription said.
3. The reconstruction is based on guesses as to what the lost inscription said.

用 what + would have + see 的过去分词完成句子：Because the trip was canceled, we can only imagine ____ if we had gone.

请补全目标结构 the best + subject + can do：With the information available, that's the ____.

用 no one around 补全目标结构：Yesterday, at the empty help desk, there was ____ to answer our questions.

请选择 go further 表示“在发展或研究上更进一步”的句子。

1. The meeting went ahead as planned.
2. The new study goes further by testing the idea in real classrooms.
3. The hikers went farther down the trail before sunset.

请用两个词连接清楚的程度与其结果：The instructions are clear ____ everyone can follow them.

补全介绍译本的结构 a translation of X into Y：Here's a translation ____ the safety guide ____ Spanish.

用 mean 和 rehearse 补全让步与后果结构：Although accepting the role would ____ on Saturdays, Nina still wants the part.

用 pronounce 的正确形式完成句子：Maya is getting used to ____ unfamiliar names.

判断这种表达是否符合场合：在一篇正式的解剖学报告中，一名学生把 uvula 称为 weird cartoony thing。

1. 这种表达对正式报告来说过于口语化，而且不够精确。
2. 这种表达适合用于正式报告。

在原句中，Believe it or not 起什么作用？

1. 要求听者决定是否相信这个说法
2. 引出一个可能令人意外、但说话人当作事实讲述的说法
3. 表示说话人不确定这个说法是否真实

使用 plenty 和它后面必须接的词完成句子：This feature appears in ____ languages around the world.

对于 like Eskimo ones，哪一种理解和用法最恰当？

1. ones 代替 languages；知道具体名称时，最好使用具体的社群或语言名称。
2. ones 表示数字 one，而且 Inuit 可以替代所有北方原住民族名称。
3. ones 指人，而且 Eskimo 在所有社群中都是中性称谓。

The old app is hard to learn. 请用 be 的单数形式、much 和 easy 的比较级完成对比句：Learning the new app ____, though.

用本课中表示“离开或告辞”的正式表达完成句子：At the end of the reception, the ambassador said, “We should ____ now and thank our hosts.”

哪一项最准确地解释了本句中的 a heartfelt quad-conlangual valedictory？

1. 这是一堂比较四种自然语言的正式课程。
2. 这是一段用四种构造语言表达的真挚告别。
3. 这是为发明四个新词而道歉。