当你被击晕时会发生什么？：英语精读讲义

One second you're there, 表達脈絡

上一秒你还在，

the next you're not.

下一秒你就不省人事了。

Rendered unconscious on the floor,

倒在地上失去知觉，

your world has turned to black.

你的世界陷入一片漆黑。

It could be for a matter of seconds, minutes, hours, or worse. 短語搭配

这可能持续几秒、几分钟、几个小时，甚至更糟。

Today we'll investigate how and why.

今天我们就来调查一下这其中的原理。

In this episode of the Infographics Show,

在本期《信息图表秀》中，

what happens when you get knocked out. 短語動詞

我们来看看当你被击晕时会发生什么。

When we say knocked out,

我们所说的“被击晕”，

we're talking about loss of consciousness

指的是失去意识，

as a result of a blunt force trauma to the head. 短語搭配

原因是头部受到钝器外伤。

So what happens?

那么究竟发生了什么呢？

If we look at the word concussion,

如果我们看看“脑震荡”这个词，

also referred to as a mild traumatic brain injury, 短語搭配

它也被称为轻度创伤性脑损伤，

we know it comes from the Latin shake violently.

我们知道它源于拉丁语，意思是“剧烈摇晃”。

And that's what happens to your brain when you get knocked out.

这就是你被击晕时大脑发生的情况。

It does a jiggle in your skull.

它在你的头骨里摇晃了一下。

This may not always result in loss of consciousness, 短語搭配

这并不总是会导致意识丧失，

but today we're talking about just that,

但今天我们讨论的正是这种情况，

knocked out cold. 習語

彻底被击晕。

Inside our tough skulls is a very soft,

在我们坚硬的头骨内是一个非常柔软、

ultra-sensitive brain,

极其敏感的大脑，

which is layered with arteries, veins, and nerves.

上面布满了动脉、静脉和神经。

It's not only protected by the skull,

它不仅受到头骨的保护，

but something called cerebrospinal fluid

还有一种叫做脑脊液的东西，

that stops the brain from hitting the skull. 語法

可以防止大脑撞击头骨。

If you get hit hard enough, 語法

如果你受到的撞击足够猛烈，

this fluid cannot fully protect the brain from impact with its protective cranium.

这种液体就不能完全保护大脑免受与颅骨撞击的伤害。

When it does hit, 語法

当撞击发生时，

it is called trauma.

就被称为创伤。

You have trauma on one side,

你的一侧受到了创伤，

which bruises the brain,

导致大脑挫伤，

and possibly on the other side

甚至可能在另一侧也有创伤，

when the brain bounces back. 短語動詞

这是当大脑反弹时造成的。

Your brain might also twist in your skull.

你的大脑甚至可能会在头骨里扭曲。

All this trauma damages the brain cells

所有这些创伤都会损害脑细胞，

and also leads to neurotransmitters firing rapidly,

还会导致神经递质快速释放，

overloading the nervous system, 語法

使神经系统过载，

which can result in a kind of paralysis or shutdown,

这可能导致一种瘫痪或关闭状态，

and then it's lights out, 習語

然后就是大家所说的“眼前一黑”。

as they say.

俗话说得好。

By the way, 表達脈絡

顺便说一句，

getting hit hard on the chin or jaw

下巴或下颚受到重击，

sometimes causes intense rotational force in the brain,

有时会在大脑中产生强烈的旋转力，

and this is why boxers often go for those areas to get their knockout. 短語動詞

这就是为什么拳击手经常攻击这些部位以求击倒对手。

Experts say for most people,

专家说，对大多数人而言，

this will last a few seconds to a few minutes,

这种情况会持续几秒钟到几分钟，

and we should recover without sustaining a bad injury to the brain. 短語搭配

我们应该能恢复过来，而不会对大脑造成严重损伤。

But if you're unlucky,

但如果你运气不好，

your knockout might lead to cerebral bleeding and even death.

击晕可能会导致脑出血甚至死亡。

So how much force does it take to get knocked out? 語法

那么需要多大的力量才能把人击晕呢？

There's no exact science,

这没有确切的科学依据，

but the bigger the force, 語法

但力量越大，

the more chance there is of a knockout happening.

发生击晕的几率就越高。

You can see that in boxing.

你可以在拳击比赛中看到这一点。

There are more knockouts in the heavier weight categories.

体重级别越重的比赛，击倒次数就越多。

A flyweight might punch with a force of 750 lb, 文化背景

蝇量级拳击手出拳的力量可能为750磅，

but a heavyweight may punch at well over 1,000 lb of force. 短語搭配

但重量级拳击手的出拳力量可能远超1000磅。

But as you may have seen on any of those guy gets owned videos circulating the web, 用詞

但正如你可能在网上流传的那些“被人血虐”的视频中看到的那样，

you don't need massive punching power to knock someone out.

你不需要巨大的重拳也能把人击晕。

It's not only about how much weight is behind the punch, 語法

这不仅仅在于拳头背后有多大的重量，

but also the momentum of the punch

还在于拳头的动量，

and the speed the fist or other body part is moving at. 語法

以及拳头或身体其他部位移动的速度。

It's said Conor McGregor's running punch has about 932 lb of force. 語法

据说康纳·麦格雷戈助跑冲拳的力量约为932磅。

If the person being hit can't see it coming, 習語

如果被打的人没有防备，

this will also have more impact

这也会产生更大的冲击力，

and there is more chance of a knockout.

更有可能导致击晕。

That's because our muscles tense in a way to take the blow 短語搭配

这是因为当我们看到撞击即将到来时，

when we see it coming.

我们的肌肉会以某种方式紧绷以承受打击。

For instance, 表達脈絡

例如，

self-defense expert James LaFond studied 1,675 acts of violence.

自卫专家詹姆斯·拉方德研究了1675起暴力事件。

According to him, 表達脈絡

据他介绍，

a sucker punch by a boxer on a civilian's jaw or chin will 100% of the time lead to a knockout. 用詞

拳击手对平民下巴或下颌的偷袭，100%会导致击晕。

Being hit behind the ears and at the back of the head

耳后和后脑勺受到撞击

can also easily lead to being knocked out.

也很容易导致昏迷。

The CDC studied traumatic brain injuries 文化背景

美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）研究了

from 2007 to 2013 in the United States

美国2007年至2013年的创伤性脑损伤，

and found that 2.8 million Americans

发现有280万美国人

who visited the emergency room 文化背景

在就诊急诊室后

were hospitalized or died

住院或死亡，

as a result of head trauma in 2013.

这些都是2013年头部创伤导致的。

Most of the instances were old people falling,

大多数情况是老人跌倒，

but second was being struck by or against something. 用詞

但排在第二位的是被物体击中或撞击物体。

50,000 people died that year of head trauma.

那一年有5万人死于头部创伤。

Nonetheless, 表達脈絡

尽管如此，

it's said that around 80% of head traumas are mild.

据说大约80%的头部创伤都是轻度的。

Some people just get right back up after being knocked out 短語動詞

有些人在被击晕后很快就爬了起来，

and seem to have no underlying problems. 用詞

似乎没有潜在的问题。

Others may be confused

其他人可能会感到神志不清，

and later suffer from headaches, dizziness, or memory loss. 短語搭配

随后出现头痛、头晕或失忆等症状。

Some may develop post-concussion syndrome 用詞

有些人可能会在受伤后的几天、几周或几个月内

for days, weeks, or months after the injury,

患上脑震荡后综合征，

and this could result in physical symptoms,

这可能会导致身体上的症状，

but also other symptoms such as depression, anxiety,

但也会引发其他症状，如抑郁、焦虑、

confusion, impulsiveness, or other changes in personality.

迷茫、冲动或性格的改变。

Much of the time these ailments do get better 語法

在大多数情况下，这些小毛病都会随着

as the brain heals itself.

大脑的自我修复而好转。

Generally speaking, 表達脈絡

一般来说，

the shorter time you were knocked out,

你被击晕的时间越短，

the less chance there is of severe symptoms occurring.

出现严重症状的几率就越小。

So,

那么，

have you ever been knocked out? 語法

你有过被击晕的经历吗？

Tell us about it in the comments.

欢迎在评论区告诉我们。

Also,

此外，

be sure to check out our other video called

一定要看看我们的另一部视频，名为

This will happen in the next 60 seconds.

《在接下来的60秒内会发生什么》。

Thanks for watching,

感谢您的观看，

and as always,

像往常一样，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

别忘了点赞、分享和订阅。

See you next time.

下次见。