创伤后应激障碍的心理学 - 乔伊尔·拉博·马莱蒂斯：英语精读讲义

在这个句子中，escape with no long-term effects 是什么意思？

1. 从一个地方逃走，身上什么也没带
2. 拒绝回想发生过的事
3. 经历有害事件后挺过来，没有留下长期后果

哪一句中的 linger 与 experiences linger 的含义相同？

1. The worry lingered even after the doctor said everything was fine.
2. The last guest lingered by the door to finish the conversation.
3. She lingered over the menu because she could not decide.

用 interfere 的正确搭配完成句子：Constant pain can ____ a person's everyday life.

阅读句子：“This condition, called PTSD, can be treated.” called PTSD 起什么作用？

1. 它表示这种状况打了一通电话。
2. 它是整句的主要谓语。
3. 它为 this condition 补充了一个名称。

哪句话能自然地否定“需要帮助说明一个人品格有缺陷”这种看法？

1. Needing help is not personally failing.
2. Needing help is not a personal failing.
3. Needing help is not a personal failed.

用表示“应对持续困难”的目标表达完成句子：It took time to learn to ____ the pressure of the new job.

请补全这个信息组织结构：To understand how a vaccine protects the body, ____ how the immune system responds to germs.

请使用 a wide range of 和 ordeal 的复数形式补全句子：The memoir describes ____ endured by the explorers.

哪一句自然地用 a loved one 表示与某人关系非常亲近的人？

1. He greeted a new coworker by saying, "Hello, loved one."
2. He took time off after a loved one the death.
3. He took time off after the death of a loved one.

请用表示“使症状开始出现”的两词短语动词完成句子：For some people, missing a meal can ____ a headache.

这句话中的 the brain's alarm system 是什么意思？

1. 大脑察觉威胁并启动应激反应的机制。
2. 主要用来记住紧急电话号码的脑区。
3. 安装在头部内部的实体电子警报器。

在 fight-flight-freeze response 这个术语中，freeze 是什么意思？

1. 把食物冷藏以延长保存时间。
2. 受到威胁时僵住或暂时无法行动。
3. 因为温度低而结冰。

HPA axis 中的 HPA 分别代表哪三个词？

1. hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal
2. heart, pulse, and artery
3. hormone, pressure, and anxiety

用本课中重点讲解的三个词协作结构完成句子：During mountain rescues, the two emergency teams ____ find missing hikers.

以下哪项最准确地描述了 autonomic nervous system？

1. 它是一个实行自治的组织。
2. 它只控制人有意选择的动作。
3. 它在没有意识控制的情况下调节许多身体功能。

哪个短语最适合补全这段科学说明？一个化学事件触发另一个，接着又触发下一个，从而形成……

1. a chemical cascade
2. an isolated chemical reaction
3. a chemical sample

哪句话用比喻性的 flood + 宾语 + with 表达数量很大？

1. Rainwater flooded the basement after the storm.
2. The support team answered one quiet question after the update.
3. Customers flooded the support team with questions after the update.

使用 prepare 的正确形式和“the volunteers”完成句子：The safety course ____ handle emergencies.

用 speed up 的正确形式补全句子：When the action scene begins, the music ____.

哪个句子最能强调事件已经结束，但后果仍出人意料地持续？

1. Even after the storm was over, flights remained delayed.
2. Before the storm was over, flights remained delayed.
3. After the storm was over, flights remained delayed.

选择表示“症状开始后最晚不超过两周就会消失”的句子。

1. The symptoms usually return after two weeks.
2. The symptoms usually last for two weeks.
3. The symptoms usually disappear within two weeks.

哪一个句子使用 only to 引出后来出现的意外结果？

1. She found the file because her coworker sent it to her.
2. She opened the folder in order to find the missing file.
3. She thought the file was gone, only to find it in another folder.

同位短语 the stress hormone cortisol 告诉了你什么？

1. 皮质醇是一种压力激素的具体名称。
2. 压力激素和皮质醇是两种不同的物质。
3. 皮质醇是战斗—逃跑—僵住反应的名称。

哪一句正确使用 while + 动词 -ing，表示同一个主语产生的两个同时发生的影响？

1. While using less energy, the air became cleaner.
2. The new filter removes dust while using less energy.
3. The new filter removes dust while the room stays cool.

用本课的四词表达补全句子，该表达意为“这是一种可能的理论”：____ some birds navigate by sensing Earth's magnetic field.

请用 fall into 完成句子：The survey responses ____ four broad categories.

哪一项最符合本句中 intrusive thoughts 的含义？

1. 未经本人有意选择便进入意识的、不想要的心理内容
2. 某人仔细计划要思考的想法
3. 某人选择对别人说出的粗鲁意见

哪一项最符合本句中 reactive symptoms 的含义？

1. 表明某人回复消息很快的症状
2. 与增强或容易被触发的应激反应有关的症状
3. 只由体育锻炼引起的症状

哪句话表示某种体验的整体程度和强度都相同？

1. They experienced the pressure to the same extent and intensity.
2. They experienced the pressure to the same extent, but one person felt it more intensely.
3. They felt equally intense pressure, but it affected one person more broadly.

请用 last + more than + 时间 这一结构完成句子，表达“持续超过一周”：When the cough ____, contact a doctor.

用 often diagnose 的一般现在时被动语态完成句子：After a careful evaluation, the condition ____.

请用表示“事故前已经存在”的带连字符形容词完成句子：The report noted a ____ condition.

哪个句子正确地把 lack 用作名词？

1. A lack of emotional support can make recovery harder.
2. Many people lack of emotional support during recovery.
3. Many people lack emotional support during recovery.

哪项说法最准确地解释了 risk factor？

1. risk factor 会直接导致每个人都出现同样的结果。
2. risk factor 是一个已经发生的结果。
3. risk factor 会使某种结果更有可能发生，但不保证该结果一定发生。

请用本课中表示“某事物会对决定产生影响”的表达完成句子：Customer surveys can ____ which products a store keeps.

在 PTSD 语境中，哪个选项最准确地解释 sensitivity to triggers？

1. 它指知道如何操作机器上的扳机。
2. 它指对每一个带来不便的物品都略感讨厌。
3. 它指很容易对与创伤经历相关的线索产生强烈反应。

听英文句子，选出你实际听到的完整句子。注意 stimuli、stimulus 和 studies 的区别。

1. Several stimuli produced a measurable response.
2. Several studies produced a measurable response.
3. A single stimulus produced a measurable response.

完成 associate A with B 结构：Many people ____ the smell of pine ____ winter holidays.

哪一种解释最符合 aren't inherently dangerous？

1. 这些感觉在任何可能的情境下都不可能有风险。
2. 这些感觉就其自身性质而言并不危险，尽管它们可能让人感到不安。
3. 这些感觉会引起恐惧，所以必定在客观上很危险。

哪一个句子中的 prompt 是表示“引起、促成”的动词？

1. The prompt on the screen asked for a password.
2. The speaker needed a prompt to remember the next line.
3. The unexpected question prompted a thoughtful discussion.

哪句话表示外部线索触发了一段记忆？

1. The smell of rain evoked a memory of summer camp.
2. She memorized the phone number for the test.
3. I remembered to lock the door before leaving.

用 stir up 的过去式完成句子：The news report ____ painful memories for many viewers.

哪一种理解最符合这句话？

1. 他们的反应就像创伤正在再次发生，但句子没有说那件事真的又发生了。
2. 那场创伤事件确定已经发生了第二次。
3. 他们对那场创伤已经完全没有反应。

请用 try 的动名词形式补全句子，使这项行为作主语：____ to solve every problem alone can be exhausting.

用 lead 和正确的介词完成句子：Poor planning can ____ costly delays.

哪句话正确使用了 leave + person + feeling... 来描述情绪结果？

1. The dismissive reply left Maya to feel ignored.
2. The dismissive reply left feeling Maya ignored.
3. The dismissive reply left Maya feeling ignored.

这句话中的“a pause button has been pushed on their lives”是什么意思？

1. 他们觉得自己的人生被迫停下，而世界仍在前进。
2. 他们身上真的安装了一个视频控制器。
3. 他们选择让其他所有人的生活都停下来。

用 suffer from 的正确形式完成这句谨慎谈论健康状况的话：I think I might be ____ insomnia, so I plan to speak with a clinician.

请用 The first step is 补全这条建议：____ an evaluation with a qualified professional.

请用 manageable 的比较级补全句子：The new schedule made the workload ____.

请用以 as 开头的正式倒装结构补全句子，表示伸展也能改善心情：A short walk can improve your mood, ____ a few minutes of stretching.

请用一个标准的两词疑问开头补全转场，表示现在要考虑一种可能的情况：____ a classmate asks you for help?

使用含 key、表示“对……至关重要”的目标表达完成句子：Daily practice is ____ improving your pronunciation.

某人讲述一段困难的经历后，哪种回应最能明确表达支持？

1. Ask her to prove every detail before you respond.
2. Change the subject without acknowledging what she said.
3. Let her know you believe her account of what happened.

用引出责怪原因的介词完成句子：Don't blame her ____ a reaction she could not control.

完成 be open to 这个表达：If you're ____ it, we can discuss another option.

补全标准的 encourage + 人 + to + 动词结构：Her counselor encouraged her ____ seek professional support.

在本句中，the hidden wound 这一隐喻主要表达什么？

1. PTSD可能造成真实的痛苦，但其他人未必能看出来。
2. PTSD因为是隐藏的，所以没有真实影响。
3. PTSD总是会造成开放性的身体伤口。

哪句话正确区分了 outward physical signs 和 symptoms？

1. Outward physical signs are feelings only the affected person can notice.
2. A person can have severe symptoms without outward physical signs.
3. Without outward physical signs means the condition is imaginary.

请用一个表示“无论条件是否成立，决定都不变”的短语补全英文句子：____ the first draft is imperfect, I will submit it for feedback.

哪一种解释最符合句中 silent 的含义？

1. 它表示这种疾病无法发出声音。
2. 在这里，它表示这种疾病不必一直无人谈论。
3. 它表示人们必须对这种疾病保密。

哪一个句子用 yet 引出出人意料的反差，并且前后共享同一主语？

1. The policy does not affect every employee yet.
2. The policy affects every employee, yet is often misunderstood.
3. The policy affects every employee, so it is often misunderstood.