假新闻是如何传播的 - 诺亚·塔夫林：英语精读讲义

用一个表示“通常被认为是……的作品”的三个单词短语完成句子： The anonymous poem is ____ a seventeenth-century writer.

这句名言主要表达什么意思？

1. 错误信息的传播速度可能远快于它被核实和纠正的速度。
2. 一个故事只要传播得足够远，就会变成真的。
3. 说真话的人在分享消息前应该先穿鞋。

在这里，Funny thing about that. 表示什么？

1. 说话人要结束话题，因为已经没有要补充的内容。
2. 说话人保证接下来要讲一个完全无关的笑话。
3. 说话人要引出一个与前面观点有关的意外事实。

用高亮短语补全句子，表达“有理由怀疑”：____ this account is genuine.

在这个语境中，片段 Thus, ironically, proving the point. 起什么作用？

1. 引入一个与名言无关的新话题。
2. 说明一个意外事实本身支持了前文的论点。
3. 声称现在已经确认了名言的作者。

请用 whoever 和 design 的过去式补全表示“不管是谁设计的”的插入语：The robot, ____, works very well.

哪一种解释最符合“is truer than ever before”的意思？

1. 它以前完全错误，直到今天才得到证实。
2. 它是有史以来唯一真实的说法。
3. 它比此前任何时候都更符合当今现实。

在“most media with global reach”中，“with global reach”说明了这些媒体的什么特点？

1. 它们离人很近，伸手就能摸到。
2. 它们只报道国际政治。
3. 它们可以覆盖或影响世界各地的受众。

请用 consist of 的过去式完成句子：Last year's panel ____ three scientists and two teachers.

下面哪句话明确表示诊所有足够的人员、设备、资金和其他实际支持，可以在夜间营业？

1. The clinic wants to stay open at night.
2. The clinic has the ability to stay open at night.
3. The clinic has the resources to stay open at night.

哪项说明最准确地描述了 Reuters and the Associated Press 在这句话中的角色？

1. 它们是打折出售报纸的商店。
2. 它们是采集新闻并向其他媒体机构供稿的新闻通讯社。
3. 它们只是两份地方报纸的名称。

哪个句子中的 outlets 表示“新闻机构”？

1. Several clothing outlets offered a discount.
2. Several electrical outlets stopped working.
3. Several news outlets covered the election.

描述新闻网站时，aggregate or re-report stories 是什么意思？

1. 它收集已有的新闻报道，或再次发布其中的信息。
2. 它创作虚构故事供人娱乐。
3. 它在事件现场亲自采集每一条事实。

使用 with 完成这个正式关系从句结构：The speed ____ the new software processed the files surprised the engineers.

哪句话中的 ideal conditions 表示“让某个结果特别容易发生的条件”？

1. The dry weather created ideal conditions for the fire to spread.
2. The dry weather stopped the fire from spreading.
3. The dry weather showed that the fire was a good result.

哪项说明最准确地解释了 phenomenon known as circular reporting 这个短语？

1. 它描述的是按圆形摆放的报道。
2. 它给一种现象命名；表面上相互独立的报道可能最终追溯到同一条原始信息。
3. 它表示每篇报道都来自不同且独立的来源。

在这段讲解中，This is when 起什么作用？

1. 它转到另一个话题，不再解释这个过程。
2. 它引出说明这个过程如何发生的情形。
3. 它询问媒体采取行动的确切时间。

哪句话表示这份报告把该调查列为这些数据的来源？

1. The report cites the figures as the source for the survey.
2. The report quotes the survey's title in the introduction.
3. The report cites the survey as the source for the figures.

使用目标分类结构，并根据主语改变 be：In the school rules, repeated name-calling ____ bullying.

请用 report 加上引出新闻主题的介词完成句子：The city newspaper will ____ the new park opening.

哪句话表示“验证”只是编辑得到的印象？

1. Three independent reviewers proved to the editor that the report was correct.
2. The report appears to the editor as having been checked by three independent reviewers.
3. The editor personally checked the report with three independent reviewers.

这里的 a pseudoscientific paper 是什么意思？

1. 任何写给普通读者的科学论文
2. 介绍一个新获认可的科学分支的论文
3. 一篇看起来像科学研究但不符合可靠科学标准的论文

这句话如何看待高亮部分的主张？

1. 句子转述了一篇伪科学论文提出的错误主张。
2. 句子把这一主张当作公认的医学建议。
3. 句子说可靠研究已经证实了这一主张。

哪个句子中的 inspired 表示某事引发了有害的结果？

1. The rumor inspired a wave of dangerous copycat videos.
2. The painting was inspired by the night sky.
3. The teacher inspired Leo to keep practicing.

请用由 despite 构成的正式让步短语完成句子：____ the road was closed, the bus arrived on time.

哪句话表示证据使一项研究失去了可信度？

1. Independent tests discredited the original study.
2. Several reviewers criticized the study's writing style.
3. The journal summarized the original study.

哪个句子明确表示儿童未接种疫苗是有意选择的结果？

1. The report identified several deliberately unvaccinated children.
2. The report identified several children whose vaccination records were missing.
3. The report identified several children who were not yet old enough for vaccination.

哪个句子表示两名徒步者感染了传染病？

1. After the trip, two hikers contracted a contagious disease.
2. After the trip, doctors contained a contagious disease.
3. After the trip, two hikers transmitted a contagious disease to the village.

哪个句子正确描述了一种在再次出现之前几乎已被消灭的疾病？

1. The disease was being treated in a virtual hospital before new cases appeared.
2. The disease was completely eradicated after new cases appeared.
3. The disease had been virtually eradicated before new cases appeared.

哪个句子自然地使用 with + 名词 + -ing 和 prove fatal 来补充结果？

1. Several hikers became ill, with one case prove fatal.
2. Several hikers became ill, with one case proving fatal.
3. Several hikers became ill, with one case proving the death.

In a slightly less dire example 表达了什么信息？

1. 说话人正离开当前话题，转向一个无关的例子。
2. 说话人正引出目前为止最危险的例子。
3. 说话人正转向一个相关但后果稍轻的例子。

一篇文章不是按字面报道事件，而是用荒诞的夸张和幽默来嘲讽公职人员。哪种描述最准确？

1. satirical article：通过幽默或夸张进行批评
2. routine factual report：对已核实事件的字面陈述
3. fabricated news：没有讽刺目的的虚构报道

请用 picked up 完成表示媒体传播的句子：The report was ____ by several national outlets.

Nora 相信了那则虚假通知，因为没人告诉她那是恶作剧。哪句话最准确地描述 Nora？

1. Nora wasn't in on the joke.
2. Nora didn't get the joke.
3. Nora didn't find the joke funny.

为什么这篇玩笑文章可能会被误认为严肃研究？

1. 受尊重的期刊名称和看似专业的标题让它显得很权威。
2. 这篇文章只出现在一次非正式谈话中。
3. 标题直接告诉读者，其中的每项说法都是假的。

用 reference 准确的现在完成时被动形式补全句子：The article ____ in several recent reviews.

在句子“The library received over 400 donations,”中，“over 400”是什么意思？

1. 少于400
2. 超过400
3. 正好400

哪个选项是 user-generated content 的明确例子？

1. 由公司财务部门撰写并正式发布的年度报告属于 user-generated content。
2. 由报社的专业人员委托撰写并编辑的报纸文章属于 user-generated content。
3. 购物网站上由顾客发布的评论属于 user-generated content。

用表示“经常促成某种结果的因素”的搭配完成句子：Lack of sleep is ____ poor concentration.

用表示“逐渐开始依赖”的过去式表达完成句子：After several busy weeks, we ____ the shared calendar.

用 make its way into 的过去式完成句子：After several edits, the same typo ____ the printed brochure.

哪一句中的 added as a citation 表示附加一个来源来支持某项说法？

1. The research report was added as a citation for the claim.
2. The driver received a citation for illegal parking.
3. The research report quoted the claim but did not identify any source.

哪句话表示两篇文章中出现的是同一张照片，而不只是相似的照片？

1. I found the very same photo in both articles.
2. I found the same kind of photo in the two articles.
3. I found very similar photos in the two articles.

哪句话使用“逗号 + -ing 从句”来说明前面情况造成的结果？

1. The campaign spread the false claim across many sites to make it much harder to debunk.
2. The campaign spread the false claim across many sites, making it much harder to debunk.
3. The campaign spread the false claim across many sites because it was much harder to debunk.

哪一句中的 advances in 表示“某个领域取得的进展”？

1. The chess player advances in the tournament after winning.
2. The hikers advance in silence toward the cabin.
3. Recent advances in battery technology have reduced charging times.

哪一句用 break down the barriers between A and B 的比喻义表示减少隔阂或障碍？

1. The report describes the barriers between patients and specialists.
2. The crew breaks down a wall between two rooms.
3. The new service helps break down the barriers between patients and specialists.

哪一项含义最符合高亮部分？

1. 认真核实答案的愿望一定会压过追求速度的愿望。
2. 快速得到的答案可能会用身体力量制服收到答案的人。
3. 想快速得到答案的愿望可能会比认真核实答案的愿望更强。

哪种情境中 validity 的含义与例句相同？

1. 研究人员检查一项测试是否真的测量了它声称要测量的内容。
2. 购物者查看电池能使用多长时间。
3. 旅行者查看护照什么时候到期。

用 can 和 multiply 的被动形式完成句子：When thousands repeat the same unchecked claim, its harmful effect ____.

用表示“合适且有必要”的正式表达完成句子：After two conflicting test results, another review ____.

哪一句使用了 sensationalist 通常所表达的负面含义？

1. The site publishes exciting but carefully verified science stories.
2. The site presents balanced evidence in a calm, neutral style.
3. The site uses sensationalist headlines that favor shock over accuracy.

以下哪种做法最能体现 searching for criticisms of suspicious information？

1. 攻击发布该说法的人。
2. 只收集赞同可疑说法的评论。
3. 寻找对可疑说法有充分依据的反对意见。

哪一句使用三个平行的动名词短语共同作主语？

1. Checking the author, comparing reports, and reading the evidence can prevent mistakes.
2. Checking the author, compare reports, and to read the evidence can prevent mistakes.
3. Check the author, comparing reports, and reading the evidence can prevent mistakes.

以下哪种做法表示 tracing the original source of a report？

1. 统计这篇报道被分享了多少次。
2. 沿着参考线索向回追查，找到最早或第一手来源。
3. 只阅读这篇报道最新的转载版本。

这里的 can help slow down a lie 是什么意思？

1. 它可以让虚假说法在物理位置上向下移动。
2. 它可以减慢虚假说法的传播速度。
3. 它可以保证再也没有人听到这个虚假说法。

演讲结尾的 giving the truth more time to put on its shoes 主要起什么修辞作用？

1. 它回到开头的意象，并通过强化主旨来收束演讲。
2. 它引入了演讲前文没有铺垫的新证据。
3. 它把话题改成了如何选择鞋子的字面建议。