吸食大麻会过量吗？：英语精读讲义

A drug overdose occurs when a person takes more than the medically recommended dose, 用詞

当一个人服用超过医学推荐剂量的药物时，就会发生药物过量，

resulting in a toxic state 語法

导致中毒状态，

which can sometimes lead to death.

这有时会导致死亡。

It can be accidental or intentional where an individual wants to end their life. 用詞

它可以是意外，也可以是个体想要结束自己生命的故意行为。

How much of a drug causes an overdose can differ from person to person and their own physiology. 短語搭配

导致过量的药物剂量因人而异，也取决于个人的生理状况。

So what about marijuana?

那么大麻呢？

There's been a lot of news about the medical benefits of this drug in recent months

近几个月来，关于这种药物的医疗益处有很多新闻，

and in many countries it has been legalized for medical purposes. 用詞

在许多国家，它已被合法化用于医疗目的。

But is there a dangerous side to it?

但它有危险的一面吗？

That's what we intend to find out in this episode of the Infographics Show, 短語動詞

这正是我们打算在本期《信息图表秀》中找出的，

can you overdose on weed?

吸食大麻会过量吗？

Before we answer this question,

在我们回答这个问题之前，

let's first look at what weed is.

让我们先来看看大麻是什么。

The name weed is slang for cannabis 短語搭配

weed（草）这个名字是大麻的俚语，

and there are a fair few slang names for this green bushy plant. 短語搭配

这种绿色的灌木植物有不少俚语名称。

In fact,

事实上，

according to Time Magazine,

根据《时代》杂志，

there are as many as 1,200 slang names for cannabis. 語法

大麻有高达 1200 种俚语名称。

The more common names include marijuana,

比较常见的名称包括 marijuana、

pot, bud, green,

pot、bud、green、

grass, hash, ganja,

grass、hash、ganja、

420, and of course, weed.

420，当然还有 weed。

Why weed?

为什么叫 weed（草）？

Because essentially,

因为从本质上讲，

cannabis is a plant

大麻是一种植物，

and in the right conditions, 短語搭配

在合适的条件下，

it can grow in abundance like a weed.

它可以像杂草一样大量生长。

So what exactly is marijuana

那么大麻究竟是什么，

and what are the effects it has?

它有什么影响？

It is both a medicine and a recreational substance 語法

它既是一种药物，也是一种娱乐性物质，

and is the most popular illicit drug in the world. 用詞

并且是世界上最受欢迎的非法药物。

In the past few years,

在过去的几年里，

many states have changed the laws on the use of this drug

许多州改变了关于使用这种药物的法律，

and a 2017 Gallup poll showed that 64% of Americans support legalization.

2017 年的一项盖洛普民意调查显示，64% 的美国人支持其合法化。

As it stands today, 表達脈絡

就目前而言，

recreational marijuana is legal in nine states

娱乐性大麻在九个州是合法的，

and medical marijuana is legal in 30 states.

而医用大麻在 30 个州是合法的。

Oklahoma became the 30th state to legalize medical marijuana in June this year

今年 6 月，俄克拉荷马州成为第 30 个将医用大麻合法化的州，

when residents voted 56 to 43% in support of the ballot initiative. 文化背景

当时居民以 56% 对 43% 的投票结果支持了该投票倡议。

There are various parts to this plant,

这种植物有不同的部分，

so let's take a look.

让我们来看看。

Marijuana actually refers to the flower that buds on the plant. 短語搭配

Marijuana 实际上指的是植物上结出的花蕾。

This is dried and cured from the female cannabis plants

它是从雌性大麻植物中干燥和处理后制成的，

and often smoked to bring on the effects of the drug. 短語動詞

通常通过吸食来产生药物效果。

Then there's the kief,

还有 kief（大麻粉），

which refers to the sticky pollen glands

它指的是粘性的花粉腺，

which contains the terpenes that make cannabis have its unique smell

其中含有使大麻具有独特气味的萜烯，

as well as cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol or THC,

以及大麻素，如四氢大麻酚或 THC，

which interact with different receptors in the body

它们与体内的不同受体相互作用，

to produce a wide range of effects such as feeling high. 短語搭配

产生各种各样的影响，比如产生快感（feeling high）。

There's also hashish,

还有大麻脂（hashish），

which is made by compressing the cannabinoid-rich resin of the marijuana plant 語法

它是通过压缩大麻植物中富含大麻素的树脂制成的，

to produce a brown solid substance.

产生一种棕色固体物质。

Tinctures are liquid concentrates made through alcohol extraction.

酊剂（Tinctures）是通过酒精提取制成的液体浓缩物。

This extracts many of the plant's beneficial cannabinoids,

这样能提取出植物中许多有益的大麻素，

often used for medical purposes.

通常用于医疗目的。

And finally,

最后，

hash oil,

大麻油（hash oil），

which can be created using a variety of solvents like butane

可以使用各种溶剂（如丁烷）制成，

to extract the resinous material from the marijuana plant's flowers.

从大麻植物的花朵中提取树脂物质。

In terms of usage, 表達脈絡

在使用方面，

a Yahoo News Marist survey reported in 2017

2017 年 Yahoo News Marist 的一项调查报告称，

that approximately 35 million Americans use marijuana on a monthly basis. 短語搭配

大约 3500 万美国人每月使用大麻。

At least 78 million surveyed reported having tried the substance at some point in their lives 短語搭配

至少 7800 万受访者报告说，他们一生中曾尝试过这种物质，

and 55 million residents reported using marijuana within the past year.

而 5500 万居民报告在过去一年内使用过大麻。

So how safe is it to regularly take the drug

那么经常服用这种药物有多安全，

and are there any risks of overdose?

是否有过量的风险？

The effects of smoking marijuana are usually felt almost immediately

吸食大麻的效果通常几乎立刻就能感觉到，

and could last from 1 to 3 hours,

可能会持续 1 到 3 小时，

while effects from eating or drinking can last for several hours

而食用或饮用的效果可以持续几个小时，

but take longer to take hold. 短語動詞

但需要更长时间才能起效。

Common effects of marijuana intoxication include relaxation,

大麻中毒的常见影响包括放松、

sleepiness, euphoria,

嗜睡、欣快感、

dry mouth, impaired perception,

口干、感知受损、

red eyes, and increased appetite,

眼睛发红和食欲增加，

which users commonly refer to as the munchies, 用詞

用户通常将其称为“munchies”（饥饿感），

where they often crave higher doses of sugary foods like candies and chocolate.

在这种状态下，他们经常渴望大量含糖食物，如糖果和巧克力。

Okay,

好吧，

that all sounds quite pleasant,

这听起来都很不错，

but what if you take too much of this mind-altering herb?

但如果你摄入了过多这种改变心智的草药会怎样？

If large quantities of the drug are taken

如果服用大量药物，

or if the user is inexperienced and not used to the effects, 語法

或者如果用户经验不足并且不习惯这种效果，

there can be some unpleasant side effects such as panic, 短語搭配

可能会出现一些令人不快的副作用，如恐慌、

paranoia, acute psychosis,

偏执、急性精神病、

nausea, and shortness of breath.

恶心和呼吸急促。

But negative effects of marijuana usually subside on their own 短語搭配

但大麻的负面影响通常会自行消退，

and don't typically require medical care

通常不需要医疗护理，

and the chances of overdose on marijuana are extremely small.

并且大麻过量的几率极小。

So can you actually overdose to the point of death? 短語搭配

那么你真的会过量致死吗？

From our research,

根据我们的研究，

it seems to be widely considered impossible to actually die from a marijuana overdose. 語法

普遍认为真正死于大麻过量是不可能的。

One reason is because the cannabinoid receptors in the brain aren't located in the brainstem

原因之一是由于大脑中的大麻素受体不位于脑干，

and don't control any essential functions,

并且不控制任何基本功能，

unlike most depressants and stimulants.

这与大多数抑制剂和兴奋剂不同。

We could not find any officially recorded instances of people dying from a fatal dose of marijuana alone. 短語搭配

我们没有发现任何官方记录的人仅因致死剂量的大麻而死亡的案例。

There was a case that hit headlines in 2017, 習語

2017 年有一个登上头条新闻的案例，

which included the seizure and death of an 11-month-old baby

涉及一名 11 个月大的婴儿在接触大麻后

after exposure to cannabis.

出现癫痫发作并死亡。

Many media outlets reported this as the first marijuana overdose death,

许多媒体将其报道为首例大麻过量死亡案例，

but Thomas n an author of the report

但报告的作者之一 Thomas n，

who is now the director of medical toxicology at St. Louis University Health Network in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania,

他现在是宾夕法尼亚州伯利恒圣路易斯大学健康网络的医学毒理学主任，

was quoted later as saying,

后来被引用说，

"We are absolutely not saying that marijuana killed that child." 語氣意圖

“我们绝对不是说大麻杀死了那个孩子。”

According to the Huffington Post,

根据《赫芬顿邮报》的报道，

in 1988,

在 1988 年，

a DEA judge argued in favor of rescheduling marijuana because of its low harm profile. 講解

一位缉毒局法官主张由于其伤害性低而重新安排大麻的管制级别。

In his ruling,

在他的裁决中，

he explained that a user would have to ingest somewhere between 20,000 to 40,000 times 講解

他解释说，用户必须摄入大约 20,000 到 40,000 倍

the amount of THC that is found in a single marijuana joint

单支大麻烟中所含 THC 的量，

to approach a lethal dose. 短語搭配

才能接近致死剂量。

A smoker would theoretically have to consume nearly 1,500 lb of marijuana

从理论上讲，吸烟者必须消耗近 1,500 磅的大麻，

within about 15 minutes to induce a lethal response,

在大约 15 分钟内才能引起致死反应，

wrote Judge Francis Young.

弗朗西斯·杨法官写道。

So it certainly seems the jury is out on this one 習語

所以在这个问题上，情况似乎还未有定论，

and though you can overdose on weed to a point of serious and unpleasant side effects,

虽然吸食大麻过量可能会导致严重和令人不快的副作用，

it's highly unlikely you can die from this drug when taken on its own. 語法

但仅仅服用这种药物极不可能导致死亡。

Are there other overdose cases you've heard of that we didn't find?

您还听说过我们没发现的其他过量病例吗？

Let us know in the comments.

请在评论中告诉我们。

Also,

此外，

be sure to check out our other video called How did he become the king of cocaine,

一定要去看看我们的另一段名为《他是如何成为可卡因之王的，

Pablo Escobar.

巴勃罗·埃斯科巴》的视频。

Thanks for watching

感谢观看，

and as always,

一如既往，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

不要忘记点赞、分享和订阅。

See you next time.

下次见。