提升批判性思维的5个技巧 - Samantha Agoos：英语精读讲义

选择使用了相同视觉隐喻的自然英文句子。

1. The sea decided which papers I needed.
2. A sea of paperwork stretched before me.
3. I stretched one sheet of paper across the water.

用表示“其他学生”的复数代词完成 Some ..., but others ... 结构：Some students study best in silence, but ____ prefer background music.

哪句话自然地使用了 diet craze，表示某种饮食法短暂走红，而且可能受到过度炒作？

1. I wrote next week's meals in a diet craze.
2. The nutritionist created a careful diet craze for the patient's medical needs.
3. The celebrity diet became a craze for a few months.

哪一种理解最准确地说明了这个反讽问题所影射的情形？

1. 它解释普通电子邮件如何自动产生金钱。
2. 它讽刺可疑邮件中令人难以置信的一夜暴富承诺。
3. 它表示所有百万富翁都是通过使用电子邮件致富的。

用 be bombarded with 的正确过去式完成句子：After the post went viral, we ____ hundreds of comments in an hour.

用 so many ... that 表示邮件的数量造成了后面的结果：She received ____ emails ____ she couldn't read them all.

哪一句中的 chances 表示概率，而不是一个机会或一次尝试？

1. Careful preparation will improve our chances of success.
2. The rules allow each player three chances to answer.
3. I finally had a chance to speak with the coach.

哪一句最准确地解释了 critical thinking？

1. Critical thinking means rejecting unfamiliar ideas immediately.
2. Critical thinking means finding something negative to say about every idea.
3. Critical thinking means checking evidence and assumptions before accepting a claim.

在句子 "Before we look for an answer, we need to decide how to approach the question," 中，approach the question 是什么意思？

1. 立即给出最终答案。
2. 选择一种分析或处理它的方法。
3. 在空间上走近它。

哪句话中的 deconstruct 使用了抽象的“拆解分析”含义？

1. The crew demolished the unsafe building.
2. The debate club deconstructed the argument to uncover its hidden assumptions.
3. She took apart the toy to repair its motor.

哪种情况更适合描述为 manipulation，而不是 bias？

1. 一则广告隐瞒额外费用，并制造虚假的紧迫感来推动人们购买。
2. 一份报告纳入了来自多个观点的相关证据。
3. 一名新闻作者无意中给支持自己观点的证据安排了更多篇幅。

哪句话最准确地解释了 critical thinking 为什么可能听起来负面，却不等于 negative thinking？

1. Critical thinking 是指立即否定每一个主张。
2. Critical thinking 会寻找薄弱之处，以便更仔细地判断一个主张。
3. Critical thinking 是指在任何情况下都预期最坏的结果。

你想表达一次困难的变化带来了一个积极结果，但不想说这次变化完全是好事。哪个句子最合适？

1. By the way, moving to a new school helped me become more confident.
2. In a way, moving to a new school helped me become more confident.
3. Moving to a new school helped me in every possible way.

哪句话用 feels right 表达一种仍需验证的直觉判断？

1. The answer feels right, but we still need to check the evidence.
2. The answer has been proved right by two independent tests.
3. The answer sheet feels rough under my hand.

用括号中动词的 -ing 形式完成句子：Rather than ____ at random, Lena compared the two maps. (guess)

用过去时完成正式结构 subject X to Y：The review panel ____ every application ____ careful scrutiny.

用 at someone's disposal 的正确形式完成句子。使用者是 us：We used every resource ____ to find the missing dog.

哪条指令表示“删除所有草稿，只保留最终版本”？

1. Delete everything but the final version.
2. Delete nothing but the final version.
3. Delete the final version and keep everything else.

这里的 but here's one five-step process 起什么作用？

1. 说话人正在引出一种接下来要讲解的、有清晰结构的方法。
2. 说话人正在指出五个物体所在的实际位置。
3. 说话人是在说，批判性思维只有五种方法。

在句子 This guide can help with any number of common problems? 中，any number of common problems 是什么意思？

1. 恰好一个常见问题
2. 许多不同的常见问题
3. 被编上号码的问题

哪一项最准确地解释了 Formulate your question？

1. 明确问题，并清楚地表达出来。
2. 先找到答案，再提出问题。
3. 立刻随便说出一个问题。

选择能表示第二句重述第一句的连接语：The instructions are optional. ___, you do not have to follow them.

1. For example
2. In other words
3. However

选择这条建议最合适的意思：Before you compare cameras, know what you're looking for.

1. 明确自己需要的结果或特点。
2. 只寻找一件丢失的实物。
3. 选择看到的第一台相机。

选择这句话最合适的意思：This isn't always as straightforward as it sounds.

1. 实际做起来可能比最初听起来更复杂。
2. 只要描述过，它就一定很容易。
3. 它总是需要沿直线移动。

哪句话表示 Maya 还在决定要不要加入社团？

1. Maya is deciding when to join the club.
2. Maya has decided to join the club.
3. Maya is deciding whether to join the club.

用目标短语动词和代词 it 完成句子：This puzzle app looks fun, so let's ____ before buying the full version.

the newest diet craze 最强烈地暗示了什么？

1. 最近流行但可能只是一时风潮的饮食法
2. 至今仍有人采用的最古老饮食法
3. 已被科学证明最安全的饮食法

请用 do so 的正确双词形式补全句子。它必须回指前面已经说出的动作：Maya checks every source carefully, and her reasons for ____ are clear.

在这个语境中，“may be obscured by other factors”是什么意思？

1. 真实原因可能因为其他影响而难以辨认。
2. 其他因素一定会让真实原因消失。
3. 一个黑暗中的物体实体遮住了真实原因。

判断：在“claims that you'll see results in just 2 weeks”中，claims 表明两周见效已经得到证实。

1. 正确
2. 错误

哪句话正确地把 approach 用作动词，并表达了对目标的清楚理解？

1. We should take an approach the problem with a clear view of our goal.
2. We should approach to the problem with a clear view of our goal.
3. We should approach the problem with a clear view of our goal.

哪句话在嵌入式 what 从句中使用了正确的语序？

1. Before we start, please explain what are you trying to accomplish.
2. Before we start, please explain what do you try to accomplish.
3. Before we start, please explain what you're trying to accomplish.

whether that's A, B, or C 在这句话中起什么作用？

1. 它列出前面所提目标的几种具体形式。
2. 它表示这三种结果一定都会发生。
3. 它要求听者马上选择一个目标。

使用目标结构 equip + person + to，并以 you 表示这个人，完成句子：The workshop will ____ handle basic repairs.

sift through information critically 最符合下面哪个意思？

1. 把打印出来的信息放进真正的筛子里。
2. 快速读完所有信息，不进行判断。
3. 仔细检查大量信息，并筛选出有用或可靠的内容。

用 suit 的正确形式完成句子，不要加介词：This flexible schedule really ____ our needs.

在本句中，There's lots of it out there 是什么意思？

1. 这些信息已经无法获取。
2. 一堆信息放在户外的某个具体地点。
3. 大量这样的信息可以从许多来源获得。

把 have a clear plan 改成动名词短语来完成句子：____ makes teamwork easier。

在 determine what's relevant 中，哪句话最能解释 relevant？

1. 相关信息总是最令人惊讶的信息。
2. 相关信息与正在回答的问题有关。
3. 相关信息在任何情况下总是最重要的信息。

用 decide on 的正确形式完成句子：We need to ____ a destination before we book the tickets.

哪个句子正确使用了 ask + 人 + for + 事物 这一结构？

1. If the form is confusing, ask a staff member help.
2. If the form is confusing, ask a staff member for help.
3. If the form is confusing, ask for a staff member help.

哪个句子对 testimonies 的使用最自然？

1. The café sought testimonies about which cookie tasted best.
2. Maya sought testimonies about whether she should wear the red hat.
3. The investigators sought testimonies from people who witnessed the accident.

例句中的 weigh different options 是什么意思？

1. 测量几个物体有多重。
2. 除第一个选项外，拒绝所有其他选项。
3. 仔细比较并评估不同选择。

哪句话在 -ing 分句中使用 moving...closer to... 来表示抽象结果？

1. The new evidence clarified the issue, moving us closer to a decision.
2. We moved the chairs closer to the table.
3. Moving closer to the table, Maya lowered her voice.

哪句话中的 apply 表示“把信息付诸实际使用”？

1. Apply the survey results when you choose the final design.
2. Apply for a copy of the survey results.
3. Apply to the research center for a summer program.

哪句话正确使用了置于句首的 Facing... 短语？

1. Facing a difficult decision, there were several choices on the table.
2. Facing a difficult decision, Maya listed the pros and cons.
3. Facing a difficult decision, the pros and cons were written on paper.

在“What concepts are at work?”中，at work 是什么意思？

1. 它们正在被写下来。
2. 它们正在影响当前情况。
3. 它们实际位于某个工作场所。

哪个句子包含一个未经验证、却被用作行动依据的想法？

1. We took the mountain road after the official report confirmed it was open.
2. We took the mountain road because we assumed it was open, but we had not checked the latest report.
3. We measured the road carefully before recording its width.

在句子 Her conclusion is logically sound 中，logically sound 是什么意思？

1. 她的推理前后一致，并能支持该结论。
2. 她的结论受到很多人欢迎。
3. 她的声音清楚，容易听见。

请按 promise + 人 + 事物 的自然顺序使用 promises、customers 和 a refund 完成句子：The company ____.

哪句话中的 shape 与例句一样，表示非物理意义上的“影响”？

1. The table has a round shape.
2. Draw the shape of the island on the map.
3. Past experience is shaping her approach to the problem.

哪句话正确使用了 assume + 从句和常用搭配 tell the truth？

1. I assume the sender to telling the truth.
2. I assume the sender is telling the truth.
3. I assume the sender is saying the truth.

选择能正确使用 Based on... 引出判断依据的句子。

1. The evidence is based, the claim seems doubtful.
2. Based on the evidence, the claim seems doubtful.
3. Based with the evidence, the claim seems doubtful.

选择正确使用 Is it logical to assume...? 的句子。

1. Does it logical to assume the claim is true without evidence?
2. Is it logical to assume the claim is true without evidence?
3. Is logical it assume the claim is true without evidence?

Consider the implications. 要求对方做什么？

1. 只在句子中寻找隐藏含义。
2. 认定眼前的好处就是全部需要考虑的内容。
3. 思考这个选择可能带来的更广泛影响。

完成用于引出假设情境的英文开头：____ your first day at a new school and you do not know where to go。

哪个句子正确使用 based on ... promise to ... 来说明选择的依据？

1. I chose Jordan based their promise to improve the library.
2. I chose Jordan based on their promise improving the library.
3. I chose Jordan based on their promise to improve the library.

使用 make it + adjective + for someone + to do 结构完成句子，并使用 easier：The larger text will ____ children to read.

用目标美式日常短语补全句子：The fuel gauge is almost empty, so we need to ____ before the long drive.

哪句话使用 At first glance 引出一个可能在进一步查看后改变的初步印象？

1. At first glance, the apartment looked tiny, but the second room was surprisingly large.
2. I glanced at the clock because I wanted to know the time.
3. After measuring every room twice, we reached a final conclusion.

在本句中，what about the long-term environmental effects? 起什么作用？

1. 表示环境影响并不重要。
2. 把一个可能被忽略的因素加入讨论。
3. 询问环境影响会持续多长时间。

请用 be less restricted by + 限制来源 完成句子，表示成本现在对项目的限制比以前少：After receiving the grant, the project ____ than it was before.

使用高亮表达中的措辞完成句子，不要重复 air pollution：A week of wildfire smoke could ____ air pollution across the region.

一所学校为了节省纸张而改用线上作业。一些家庭因此必须购买设备，但学校并非有意造成这笔费用。仅根据这些信息，哪句话最准确？

1. The device cost was an unexpected consequence of the new homework system.
2. The device cost was an unimportant consequence of the new homework system.
3. The device cost was an unintended consequence of the new homework system.

用表示“主动思考他人如何看待某个问题”的目标表达完成建议：Before making a decision, ____.

用 be drawn to 的正确形式完成句子：Maya loves calm places, so she ____ the library's quiet atmosphere.

天气预报还不确定，但音乐会肯定会举行，必要时可以移到室内。哪句话最准确地表达了这个意思？

1. If it rains, the concert will be canceled.
2. Even if it rains, the concert will still happen.
3. Even though it is raining, the concert will still happen.

哪个选项最准确地改述了本句中的 exploring the full spectrum of viewpoints？

1. 研究不同种类的光所产生的颜色
2. 只比较两个最极端的观点
3. 考察整个观点范围内的许多立场

一份报告使用了不可靠的证据。哪句话最准确地表示：在你看来，它的结论缺乏充分依据？

1. The proposed method doesn't seem effective to me.
2. The conclusion doesn't seem valid to me.
3. The permit doesn't seem valid after June.

用表示“对……有吸引力”的两个词 appeal 短语完成句子：The simple design may ____ first-time buyers.

哪句话自然地表示“比较信息将帮助我们作出依据更充分的选择”？

1. Comparing the plans will help us make a more informed decision.
2. Comparing the plans will help us make a more notified decision.
3. Comparing the plans will help us do a more informed decision.

哪句话自然地表示“这个项目可能有所帮助，但肯定无法彻底消除当地的饥饿问题”？

1. The program may help, but it will eradicate hunger slightly.
2. The program may help, but it certainly won't eradicate hunger from the region.
3. The program may help, and it will certainly eradicate hunger from the region.

这句话中突出显示的部分是什么意思？

1. 批判性思维为我们提供仔细审视海量信息的方法。
2. 批判性思维让我们跳过信息核查并迅速做出选择。
3. 批判性思维为我们提供在海里工作的实体设备。

用一个表示“我们这个群体中数量足够多的人”的三个单词短语完成句子：If ____ sign the petition, the council may reconsider.

用强调重要能力或潜力的表达补全句子：A kind word ____ brighten someone's day.

哪句话使用了相同的结尾方式，即把具体行动扩展成更广泛的社会愿景？

1. By greeting new classmates, we can help make our school a kinder place.
2. Greeting someone means saying hello when you meet.
3. Our school assembly begins at nine o'clock.