性教育没告诉你的关于大脑的那些事 - 香农·奥德尔：英语精读讲义

用名词 effect 和这个结构中必需的介词补全句子：The study examines stress's ____ sleep.

例句是如何组织信息的？

1. 说话人表示这两种变化恰好在同一时间发生。
2. 说话人把一个熟悉的话题与一个被忽视的话题进行对比。
3. 说话人否认青春期会影响身体。

用 overlook 的 get 被动形式完成句子，表达“没有受到注意”：During a rushed review, a small error often ____.

演讲者讲解完一个流程后问：“Any questions?” 演讲者在做什么？

1. 宣布不再允许提出问题
2. 邀请听众提出问题以获得澄清
3. 询问“问题”这个概念是否存在

选择使用 allow + 宾语 + to + 动词正确的句子，描述某项功能使一个动作成为可能。

1. The new tool allows users edit videos on their phones.
2. The new tool allows users to edit videos on their phones.
3. The new tool allows to users edit videos on their phones.

在这个生物学语境中，sexually mature adult 表示什么？

1. 有过很多性经历的成年人。
2. 情绪稳定、负责任并且善于管理情绪的成年人。
3. 生殖发育已经达到生物学成熟阶段的成年人。

用 so many ... that 结果结构完成句子：There were ____ emails ____ I couldn't read them all before lunch.

一位同事已经准备好了演示文稿的前半部分。哪一句自然地表示你会从当前进度继续？

1. Thanks for preparing the first half. I'll take it from here.
2. Thanks for preparing the first half. I'll leave it with you.
3. Thanks for preparing the first half. I'll start over from the beginning.

用上面讲到的正式年龄范围结构补全句子：The program is for children ____ 11 and 14.

用上面讲到的被动结构补全机制说明：The emergency light ____ the power fails.

用本课中表示“被称为”的两个单词补全句子：The brain contains a small structure ____ the amygdala.

在句子 “The announcement triggered waves of comments throughout the day,” 中，waves of comments 是什么意思？

1. 一条评论不间断地持续着。
2. 评论由海水中的波浪带来。
3. 评论一轮接一轮地出现。

go to sleep a child and wake up an adult 产生了什么信息组织效果？

1. 它使 a child 和 an adult 成为两个无关动词的宾语。
2. 它描述了两个不同的人分别进行各自的日常活动。
3. 它把相反的动作和身份状态配对，使想象中的一夜变化更加鲜明。

原句中的 As convenient as it would be to ... 表达了什么关系？

1. 它承认某个假想做法会很方便，然后为相反的现实作铺垫。
2. 它表示两个做法同样方便。
3. 它把便利当作变化很快发生的原因。

在 "The repairs may take as long as six months," 中，"as long as six months" 是什么意思？

1. 只有得到某人批准，维修工程才可能继续。
2. 维修工程可能持续长达六个月。
3. 维修工程将在六个月后开始。

哪一个句子正确使用了 undergo，表示系统正在经历变化？

1. The system is undergoing a major transformation.
2. The system is undergoing to a major transformation.
3. The system is undergoing through a major transformation.

用自然的原因短语完成句子：____ the clear map, we reached the lake before sunset。

在下面的句子中，key players 是什么意思？The two hormones are key players in the body's changes during puberty.

1. 两个玩电子游戏的人。
2. 这一过程中的两个重要促成因素。
3. 在体育比赛中竞争的两名运动员。

哪句话正确表达“这种激素在特定细胞中产生，然后进入血液”？

1. Producing the hormone in specialized cells, the hormone enters the bloodstream.
2. Produced in specialized cells, the hormone enters the bloodstream.
3. Produced in specialized cells, researchers measured the hormone.

用本课中表示“由另一个移动的事物携带”的表达完成句子：Some seeds ____ on animals' fur and spread to new areas.

哪一句正确使用 via 来指出信号行进的路线？

1. The signal travels to the brain via the bloodstream.
2. The signal travels to the brain via through the bloodstream.
3. The signal travels to the brain via to the bloodstream.

请用 interact 及其必需的介词补全句子：Some medicines can ____ each other.

哪句话正确使用了 -ing 分句来说明第一个动作产生的结果？

1. The software reorganized the menu, changing the way employees find files.
2. The software reorganized the menu, changing how do employees find files.
3. The software reorganized the menu, changed the way employees find files.

请用 by 和 make 的 -ing 形式完成句子：The new filter improves the photo ____ the colors clearer.

哪一个句子正确使用了并列的 -ing 形式，列出治疗可能发挥作用的两种方式？

1. The treatment may work by altering cell growth or reshaping neural connections.
2. The treatment may work by altering cell growth or reshape neural connections.
3. The treatment may work by alter cell growth or reshaping neural connections.

哪一个过渡词最能表示要把前面提到的多项影响汇总为一个整体结果？

1. Cumulatively
2. Separately
3. For example

用表示“影响……的方式”的两个英文单词完成句子：A major move can ____ you feel, think, and behave.

句中高亮的逗号后短语起什么作用？

1. 它换一种说法指称并定义了边缘系统。
2. 它给出了边缘系统发育的条件。
3. 它说明了边缘系统所在的位置。

判断以下说法：Research in animal models suggests that ... 表示该结论已在人类身上得到确凿证明。

1. 不准确
2. 准确

在生物医学文章中，animal models 最准确的意思是什么？

1. 为展示而制作的小型动物复制品。
2. 摆姿势为产品做广告的动物。
3. 用于研究生物过程、疾病或治疗的动物。

用 undergo changes in 的正确动词形式完成句子：During a merger, an organization ____ structure and leadership.

使用动词 plan 和 train 完成范围表达，并使用 from ... to ... 和平行的 -ing 形式：The role covers tasks ____ budgets ____ new staff.

哪个句子表示这个项目帮助青少年与年龄相近的人建立关系？

1. The program helps teenagers connect with their peers.
2. The program helps teenagers connect their phones to the network.
3. The program helps teenagers connect the projector to a laptop.

哪个句子正确使用了 while + -ing 和 prime A for B？

1. A short warm-up relaxes the students while priming them to the lesson.
2. A short warm-up relaxes the students while priming them for the lesson.
3. A short warm-up relaxes the students while prime them for the lesson.

本句中的 nucleus accumbens 指什么？

1. 与奖赏和动机有关的脑区
2. 研究青少年行为的人
3. 释放到血液中的激素

在这个神经科学语境中，sensation-seeking 的哪种含义正确？

1. 寻找被别人藏起来的奖品
2. 追求新奇、强烈或刺激体验的倾向
3. 试图恢复已经失去的身体感觉

dopamine hub 在这个句子中是什么意思？

1. 与多巴胺相关活动有关的重要脑区
2. 实际运送多巴胺的交通站
3. 脑细胞内部一个轮子形状的部分

用本课的三个词报告框架完成句子：Regular exercise ____ improve sleep quality.

哪个句子中的 drive 表示“引起或强烈影响某个抽象结果”？

1. Regular exercise can drive improvements in sleep quality.
2. They went for a drive after lunch.
3. She can drive the bus across town.

哪个句子使用 when + -ing 时有清楚、合理的隐含主语？

1. When cycling to work, the traffic lights changed.
2. When cycling to work, Lena wears a helmet.
3. When cycling to work, the rain began suddenly.

“Several studies have found that”在这句话中起什么作用？

1. 它表示研究人员找到了一个丢失的物品。
2. 它引出一个没有研究支持的个人猜测。
3. 它把后面的观点呈现为多项研究支持的发现。

哪句话使用“as”表示两个过程同步变化？

1. She works as a market analyst.
2. Demand often falls because shoppers have less money.
3. As prices rise, demand often falls.

用表示“风速也下降了”的倒装结构完成句子：The temperature dropped overnight, and ____ the wind speed.

阅读英文：Heavy snow blocked the tracks. As a result, the train was delayed. As a result 表示什么关系？

1. 这两个事实形成对比。
2. 铁轨被阻断是原因，火车晚点是结果。
3. 火车晚点是某种大雪的例子。

本句中的 social engagement 是什么意思？

1. 积极参与社交活动和人际关系。
2. 正式承诺与某人结婚。
3. 一项已安排的社交邀约。

在 'After the roads froze, leaving early became that much more important,' 中，that much more important 表达了什么意思？

1. 提早出发的重要性完全没有变化。
2. 结冰的路面使提早出发变得更加重要。
3. 某一次特定的提早出发变得重要。

哪句话用 as 表示一个过程发生变化时，另一个过程也随之变化？

1. As the puppy grows, it needs more space.
2. As the road was closed, we took another route.
3. This room is as quiet as the library.

在“The engine may overheat, and older models tend to do so more often,”中，tend to do so 是什么意思？

1. 老型号总是会产生完全不同的结果。
2. 老型号通常更容易过热。
3. 老型号更常被维修。

在句子 The treatment will be tested on an extended timeline? 中，on an extended timeline 是什么意思？

1. 测试会立即进行。
2. 测试会持续相对较长的一段时间。
3. 这项测试已从计划中取消。

哪句话正确解释了 impulse control？

1. 冲动控制是迫使别人服从的能力。
2. 冲动控制是克制自己不立即按冲动行事的能力。
3. 冲动控制是立即表达每一种感受的习惯。

在原句中，which help impose emotional regulation and impulse control 起什么作用？

1. 它取代了主句谓语 continue。
2. 它确定了一个与 cortical regions 无关的新主语。
3. 它补充说明 cortical regions 的功能。

用 well past ... into ... 完成句子：The restoration work continued ____ its original deadline, ____ the following year.

用表示“被贴上简单化群体标签”的目标被动表达完成句子：Older workers are sometimes ____ resistant to change.

哪一句用 while 先承认一种简单看法，再提出更细致的结论？

1. The app looks simple because user tests reveal that it takes time to learn.
2. While the app looks simple, user tests reveal that it takes time to learn.
3. While the app was updating, I made some coffee.

在论证中，research reveals a more complex story 这个表达是什么意思？

1. 证据证实，一个简单的解释已经完全足够。
2. 研究人员围绕这个主题创作了一个虚构故事。
3. 证据表明，真实情况比简单说法所呈现的更加复杂。

用 capable 和 just as ... as 结构完成句子：After a few lessons, Maya is ____ her older brother when it comes to using the camera.

保留 when，把 when employees are given clear instructions 简化后完成句子：____, employees usually complete the task correctly.

使用习语 in the heat of the moment 完成句子：During the argument, Maya said something harsh ____.

使用 It's only ... that 结构突出条件：____ during emergencies ____ this exit should be used.

把 find、it、more difficult 和 to 按正确顺序排列，完成句子：After sleeping poorly, I may ____ remember new information.

选择其中 manage 表示“调节情绪”的句子。

1. A quiet walk can help Lina express her emotions after a difficult day.
2. A quiet walk can help Lina manage her emotions after a difficult day.
3. A quiet walk can help Lina suppress her emotions after a difficult day.

使用 allow + 宾语 + to + 动词完成句子：A flexible schedule ____ when they learn best。

哪句话中的 as 表示两个发展过程同步进行？

1. She works as a designer in Boston.
2. As the road was closed, we took another route.
3. As children practice, their confidence grows.

用表示“逐渐形成自我认同”的目标短语完成句子：Through new experiences, teenagers gradually ____.

用本条笔记中的完整目标表达完成句子：The program helps teenagers ____.

哪一句表示“尽管我们对睡眠已经了解很多，仍有重要问题没有解决”？

1. As far as we know, important questions about sleep remain unanswered.
2. For all we know, sleep research may change completely next year.
3. For all we know about sleep, important questions remain unanswered.

用包含 remain 的正式存在句短语完成句子：Despite years of research, ____ several unanswered questions.

用表示“触发”的短语动词完成句子：A small spark can ____ a chain reaction.

这里高亮表达的意思是什么？

1. 青春期开始后的进展速度正在加快。
2. 青春期开始的平均年龄正在降低。
3. 每个人的青春期持续时间都在变长。

请用高亮的连词完成句子，先承认一点，再提出限制：____ the app looks easy to use, it lacks important privacy controls.

哪一个句子表示涨价可能只解释了销量下降的部分原因？

1. The price increase tells us exactly why sales dropped.
2. The manager told a full story about the drop in sales.
3. The price increase may not be the full story behind the drop in sales.

使用 influential 和 just as ... as 比较结构完成句子：Good sleep may be ____ regular exercise in supporting concentration.

哪句话自然地使用 in + -ing 来说明影响所在的方面？

1. Teachers can be influential to shape a child's confidence.
2. Teachers can be influential at shaping a child's confidence.
3. Teachers can be influential in shaping a child's confidence.

哪一句正确使用了 make + 人 + 动词原形，并在后面接 as if + 从句？

1. The strange silence can make you feel as if everyone has left.
2. The strange silence can make you to feel as if everyone has left.
3. The strange silence can make feel you as if everyone has left.

哪一句表示船长仍拥有决定权，并在主导局势？

1. Even during the emergency, the captain remained out of control.
2. Even during the emergency, the captain remained in control.
3. Even during the emergency, the captain remained under control.

哪句话使用 So while……先承认一个问题，再说出核心结论？

1. While the bus is crowded, so it still gets us there on time.
2. The bus is crowded, so while it still gets us there on time.
3. So while the bus is crowded, it still gets us there on time.

哪句话自然地使用了这个结构，表示某人的实际影响力超过其自己的估计？

1. You have more influence than you think.
2. You have most influence that you think.
3. You have as much influence than you think.

哪句话使用了表示在不同选项之间作决定的自然动词—名词搭配？

1. We all make choices that shape our future.
2. We all do choices that shape our future.
3. We all perform choices that shape our future.

哪句话正确使用了 from A to B to C，并使列举的活动保持并列？

1. The workshop covers everything from planning a budget to cooking a meal to fixing a bike.
2. The workshop covers everything from planning a budget to cook a meal to fixing a bike.
3. The workshop covers everything from plan a budget to cooking a meal to fix a bike.

哪句话自然地使用 setting boundaries 来表示说明个人界限？

1. Jordan is setting borders by telling friends not to call after 10 p.m.
2. Jordan is setting coastlines by telling friends not to call after 10 p.m.
3. Jordan is setting boundaries by telling friends not to call after 10 p.m.

在句子“Daily choices can ultimately steer the path of your life,”中，steer the path 是什么意思？

1. 通过一次选择彻底决定你的未来
2. 逐渐影响你的人生方向
3. 驾驶交通工具沿道路行驶

哪一个句子正确使用了嵌入式 who 从句，对照一个人现在和未来的身份？

1. Your choices shape who you are and will you become.
2. Your choices shape who you are and will become.
3. Your choices shape who are you and will become.