英国人对咖啡的情有独钟 - 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

Six Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的六分钟英语。

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是 BBC 英语教学的六分钟英语。

I'm Sam.

我是 Sam。

And I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

Did you have a cup of coffee this morning, Neil?

Neil，你今天早上喝咖啡了吗？

Oh yes,

哦，喝了，

I can't start the day without my morning cup of coffee 語法

我要是早上不喝一杯咖啡，这一天就没法开始，

or two or three.

甚至得喝上两三杯。

And what do you like about coffee so much?

你这么喜欢咖啡的原因是什么呢？

Well,

嗯，

that lovely smell for one thing. 短語搭配

迷人的香气是其一。

And of course

当然

it wakes me up and gets me ready to face the world. 講解

它还能让我清醒，准备好面对整个世界。

Ah,

啊，

you mean the caffeine hit. 用詞

你是指咖啡因的刺激。

The effect of caffeine,

咖啡因的作用，

which is a natural stimulant on your brain, 用詞

它是一种对大脑有作用的天然兴奋剂，

making you feel more awake. 語法

能让你感觉更清醒。

Do you think maybe you're addicted to coffee? 短語搭配

你觉得你是不是对咖啡上瘾了？

It's not just me, 語氣意圖

这可不只我一个，

Sam.

Sam。

Have you seen how busy coffee shops are nowadays? 語氣意圖

你看到现在咖啡店有多忙了吗？

Full of people enjoying delicious coffee from all around the world.

满是享受着来自世界各地美味咖啡的人。

Well, it wasn't always like that, 表達脈絡

嗯，以前可不总是这样的，

Neil.

Neil。

The first coffee to reach Britain in the 17th century 語法

17世纪第一批抵达英国的咖啡

took months to arrive by sea. 語法

是在海上漂泊了数月才到达的。

It was made by boiling raw coffee beans 語法

它是把生咖啡豆用水煮出来的，

and apparently tasted awful.

而且显然味道很糟。

In this program,

在本期节目中，

we'll be looking into the history of coffee in Britain 短語動詞

我们将探讨英国的咖啡历史，

and as usual,

像往常一样，

we'll be learning some related vocabulary too.

我们还会学习一些相关的词汇。

But before that, 表達脈絡

但在那之前，

I have a question for you.

我有一个问题要问你。

The earliest coffee to arrive in Britain

最早到达英国的咖啡

took its name from the port in Yemen 短語搭配

是以也门的一个港口命名的，

it was shipped from.

那是它的装运港。

So, what was it called?

那么，它叫什么名字？

Was it A) cappuccino,

是 A) 卡布奇诺 (cappuccino)，

B) mocha,

B) 摩卡 (mocha)，

or C) latte?

还是 C) 拿铁 (latte)？

I'll say B) mocha.

我选 B) 摩卡。

Okay,

好的，

I'll reveal the answer later in the program. 表達脈絡

我会在节目稍后揭晓答案。

Britain's love affair with coffee started with the opening of London's first coffee shop in 1652. 講解

英国人对咖啡的热爱始于1652年伦敦第一家咖啡店的开张。

People loved the effect.

人们喜欢咖啡的效果。

Coffee made them more talkative and brighter. 語法

咖啡让他们更健谈，更有精神。

It kept them awake for longer 語法

它让他们保持清醒的时间更长，

and the drink became more and more popular. 語法

这种饮品也变得越来越受欢迎。

Within a decade, 短語搭配

短短十年内，

over 80 new coffee shops had opened in the city of London alone.

仅伦敦市就新开了80多家咖啡店。

By the 1800s, though, 表達脈絡

然而到了19世纪，

tea had replaced coffee as the most fashionable drink, 短語搭配

茶取代了咖啡成为最时髦的饮品，

partly because it was drunk by Queen Victoria. 語法

部分原因是因为维多利亚女王喝茶。

Listen as Judith Hawley,

请听 18 世纪文学专家

an expert on 18th century literature,

Judith Hawley

takes up the story with BBC Radio 4 program 短語動詞

在 BBC Radio 4 的节目中继续讲述

In Our Time.

《我们的时代》(In Our Time)。

It became more of a working class drink. 用詞

它变成了一种更偏向工人阶级的饮品。

So there were coffee shacks and carts, 文化背景

于是就有了咖啡棚和咖啡车，

like these sort of little street carts that you get still in London,

就像你在伦敦仍然能看到的那种小街头推车，

you get all over New York

在纽约到处都是，

that is a cheap quick drink to perk you up. 短語動詞

它是一种便宜快捷、能让你提神的饮品。

Um and the temperance movement 文化背景

嗯，还有禁酒运动

sponsored coffee taverns to try to wean working men off 講解

赞助了咖啡馆，试图让工人们戒掉

going to the pub for lunch.

午饭去酒馆喝酒的习惯。

So it moved.

于是风向变了。

It declined seriously and has never fully recovered 短語搭配

咖啡严重衰退，再也没有完全恢复过来，

even in the current coffee boom. 用詞

甚至在目前的咖啡热潮中也是如此。

In the 17th century,

在17世纪，

there was a coffee boom,

出现了一股咖啡热潮 (coffee boom)，

an increase in its popularity.

也就是它受欢迎程度的上升。

One of the reasons was that coffee perks you up,

原因之一是咖啡能让你提神 (perks you up)，

gives you more energy and makes you more active.

给你更多能量，让你更活跃。

Drinking coffee was also supported by a social group called the temperance movement,

喝咖啡也得到了一个叫做禁酒运动 (temperance movement) 的社会群体的支持，

who campaigned to make alcohol illegal. 用詞

他们致力于让酒精变得非法。

They used coffee to wean men off alcohol,

他们用咖啡让男人戒掉 (wean off) 酒精，

make them gradually stop using something they had become addicted to.

让他们逐渐停止使用他们已经上瘾的东西。

Coffee changed British society and continues to do so today. 語法

咖啡改变了英国社会，并且在今天依然如此。

Here's Professor Judith Hawley again talking to BBC Radio 4's In Our Time about the situation today.

接下来再次请 Judith Hawley 教授在 BBC Radio 4 的《我们的时代》节目中谈谈如今的情况。

I think if we look at the way coffee consumption is going today, 表達脈絡

我觉得如果我们看看现在咖啡消费的趋势，

it seems to me to set out two quite radical alternatives for the world. 表達脈絡

在我看来，它为世界呈现了两种截然不同的选择。

One is the world of corporate coffee, 用詞

一种是企业咖啡的世界，

the coffee chains existing on a low wage economy. 用詞

依靠低工资经济运作的连锁咖啡店。

So you have that kind of mass coffee market on the one hand. 表達脈絡

所以你一方面有那种大众咖啡市场。

On the other hand,

另一方面，

you have these microlot estates, 文化背景

你有这些微批次庄园咖啡，

Fairtrade coffee, 文化背景

公平贸易咖啡，

the sort of hipster coffee which is as varied and as interesting as fine wines 講解

那种像高级葡萄酒一样丰富多样且有趣的潮人咖啡，

and is made in an artisanal way. 用詞

而且是用手作工艺制作的。

Many customers today are turning away from large coffee chains like Starbucks 短語動詞

如今，许多顾客正在远离像星巴克这样的大型咖啡连锁店，

in search of a more responsibly sourced cup of coffee. 短語搭配

寻找采购来源更负责任的咖啡。

One example of this is Fairtrade, an ethical standards scheme 用詞

这方面的一个例子是公平贸易 (Fairtrade)，这是一项道德标准计划，

which guarantees a fair price for coffee producers 短語搭配

保证为南美洲、

in South America,

非洲和亚洲的咖啡生产者

Africa and Asia.

提供公平的价格。

Another recent development is the use of microlots,

另一个最近的发展是微批次 (microlots) 的使用，

small plots of land which grow specialized coffee beans

这是种植特色咖啡豆的小块土地，

prized for their high quality and unique flavor. 短語搭配

因其高品质和独特的风味而备受推崇。

Fairtrade and microlot coffee are part of a shift in focus towards quality, 表達脈絡

公平贸易和微批次咖啡是向高品质、

artisanal coffee.

手工工艺咖啡 (artisanal coffee) 转变的一部分。

Coffee made by hand in the traditional way by skilled growers.

由熟练的种植者以传统方式手工制作的咖啡。

It's artisanal coffee that's often sold in smaller independent coffee shops, 用詞

这种手工咖啡通常在较小的独立咖啡店里出售，

preferred by trendy hipsters. 用詞

备受时尚潮人的青睐。

So coffee in Britain has come a long way from the days it traveled for months by sea 習語

因此，英国的咖啡经历了漫长的发展，已远非昔日那种要在海上漂泊数月

from far away places like Ethiopia and Java.

从埃塞俄比亚和爪哇等遥远地方运来的样子了。

Which reminds me, 表達脈絡

这提醒了我，

Sam,

Sam，

what was the answer to your question?

你刚才那个问题的答案是什么？

Ah,

啊，

I asked Neil which city gave its name to the first coffee to arrive in Britain in the 1600s.

我问 Neil 17 世纪第一批到达英国的咖啡是以哪个城市的名字命名的。

I guessed it was B) mocha,

我猜是 B) 摩卡，

which happens to be my favorite drink. 語氣意圖

碰巧这也是我最喜欢的饮料。

Well,

嗯，

you guessed right because that was the correct answer.

你猜对了，因为那就是正确答案。

You certainly know your coffee, 語氣意圖

你肯定很懂咖啡，

Neil.

Neil。

Right.

好了。

Let's recap the vocabulary we've used in this program on the history of coffee,

让我们复习一下在这个关于咖啡历史的节目中用到的词汇，

a drink which can perk you up,

这是一种能让你提神 (perk you up) 的饮料，

give you more energy and make you feel awake.

给你更多能量，让你感到清醒。

Many people drink coffee for the caffeine hit,

许多人喝咖啡是为了咖啡因的刺激 (caffeine hit)，

the way caffeine,

即咖啡因

which is contained in coffee,

这种存在于咖啡中的物质

stimulates your body and mind.

刺激你的身体和大脑的方式。

The effect can be so strong, 語法

这种效果可能很强烈，

you might have to wean yourself off it,

你可能必须戒掉 (wean off) 它，

gradually stop using something which is bad for you.

逐渐停止使用对你有害的东西。

Fairtrade coffee refers to a scheme which ensures that coffee farmers receive a fair price for growing their product, 表達脈絡

公平贸易 (Fairtrade) 咖啡指的是一项计划，确保咖啡农因为种植他们的产品而获得公平的价格，

while a microlot is a small plot of land specializing in coffee beans of a very high quality or unique flavor. 短語搭配

而微批次 (microlot) 是一小块专门种植具有非常高品质或独特风味的咖啡豆的土地。

Finally,

最后，

artisanal describes something made by artisans, 表達脈絡

手作工艺的 (artisanal) 描述的是工匠制作的东西，

skilled workers who make things by hand in a traditional way.

也就是以传统方式手工制作东西的熟练工人。

Once again,

再一次，

our six minutes are up. 習語

我们的六分钟到了。

I'm off to get myself a hot steamy mocha. 語氣意圖

我要去给自己买一杯热气腾腾的摩卡了。

Bye for now.

暂且拜拜啦。

Goodbye.

再见。

Six Minute English

六分钟英语

from the BBC.

来自 BBC。