城市化与城市的未来 - 凡斯·凯特 (Vance Kite)：英语精读讲义

哪句话明确表示超过 50% 的居民乘公交车上班？

1. More than half of the residents take the bus to work.
2. Many residents take the bus to work.
3. About half of the residents take the bus to work.

用表示“建筑集中的城市或城镇环境”的目标词组完成句子：The family moved from the countryside to ____.

哪一句表示新图书馆预计最迟到2050年时已经可以使用？

1. In 2050, the new library will be ready.
2. Until 2050, the new library will be ready.
3. By 2050, the new library will be ready.

请用表示最终水平的介词补全句子：After the redesign, the success rate increased ____ 80 percent. It ended at that level.

用 as recently as 完成句子，强调二十年前离现在近得出人意料：____ twenty years ago, most people did not own a smartphone.

调查发现，10名学生中有3名步行上学。请使用 X out of Y 结构，并把两个数字都写成英文单词来完成句子：In the survey, ____ students walked to school.

哪句话中的 degree 表示一种抽象品质的程度？

1. The job requires a high degree of patience.
2. She earned a degree in engineering.
3. The temperature rose by ten degrees.

在解说中，问题“What does this mean for our future?”的主要作用是什么？

1. 它询问 future 一词的词典定义。
2. 它回到这项变化最初如何发生的细节。
3. 它把话题从已陈述的事实转向这一事实未来可能带来的后果。

哪个句子正确使用了 hunter-gatherers？

1. Before farming reached the region, many communities lived as hunter-gatherers.
2. Every farmer who picks vegetables is a hunter-gatherer.
3. The museum calls people who collect stamps hunter-gatherers.

用表示在不同地点之间反复移动的固定短语补全句子：During the festival, the photographer moved ____ to capture every event.

用本课中表示“为了寻找”的三个词固定短语完成句子：The rescue team entered the forest ____ the missing hikers.

哪种情况属于 selective breeding？

1. 农民反复让结出最大果实的番茄植株繁殖。
2. 一场干旱过后，只剩下能用少量水自然存活的植物。
3. 一群鸟在冬季到来时飞往南方。

在本句中，early agricultural techniques 最符合哪一种意思？

1. 现代工厂使用的机器
2. 早期农业和食物生产中使用的方法
3. 在野外寻找食物的小窍门

用本课学到的两个单词的表达补全句子，标出第二个动作是没有选择的替代方案：We chose to repair the old bridge ____ replace it.

用一个表示“导致……发展或形成”的五词过去时短语完成句子。 Cheap printing ____ a wider reading public.

哪一项最符合 semi-permanent villages？

1. 计划永远保留的定居点
2. 每天结束时都会拆除的临时住所
3. 计划使用数年，但不一定永远存在的定居点

you might ask 在说明中通常起什么作用？

1. 它要求听众必须立刻回答。
2. 它说明某位听众之前确实问过这个问题。
3. 它预判听众可能提出的问题，并引出解释。

用本课表示过去因必要而搬迁的短语完成句子：After the flood, the family ____ to a safer town last year.

例句中的 as 表达了什么？

1. 它把村落与土壤进行比较。
2. 它把土壤逐渐贫瘠与村落迁移联系起来，同时表示背景和原因。
3. 它只说明迁移发生的时间，没有提供任何原因。

哪一句自然地使用 the advent of 来描述一项重要发展？

1. We waited at the airport for the advent of our cousin.
2. The advent of electric lighting transformed city life.
3. The advent of our bus was ten minutes late.

补全强调句框架：____ better maps ____ sailors could cross the reef safely.

请用目标结构 rely on + a steady and long-term supply of 完成句子：Remote hospitals ____ clean water.

选择其中 -ing 分句表示前面事件所造成结果的句子。

1. Knowing the road was closed, we chose another route.
2. The new bridge shortened the journey, making daily travel easier.
3. Walking across the bridge, Nina called her friend.

用表示“超出基本需求的食物”的术语完成句子：A harvest that produces more food than people need creates a food ____.

判断对“It was no longer necessary for everyone to farm”的这一理解是否正确：“从那以后，没有人务农了。”

1. 正确
2. 不正确

哪一句能正确表达“更好的道路使当地新企业的发展成为可能”？

1. Better roads allowed to the development of new businesses in the region.
2. Better roads allowed the development of new businesses in the region.
3. Better roads allowed develop of new businesses in the region.

用一个表示“进一步产生的逻辑结果”的两词连接语完成句子：The bridge closure blocked the main road and, ____, delayed deliveries across the town.

用 offer 正确的 -ing 形式完成背景短语：With the community center ____ free evening classes, more adults can attend.

哪句话中的 commerce 与原句中的广义用法相同？

1. New roads increased commerce between the two regions.
2. Maya went shopping for a new backpack after school.
3. The neighbors had a short conversation by the gate.

用同样的正式倒装结构完成句子：As the city expanded, ____ its public transit network.

用本课中表示“使过程更容易”的动词完成句子：The online form ____ registration for new members.

用本课短语完成句子：The town needs workers to ____ its bike paths, from initial construction through years of regular upkeep.

哪句话使用 were drawn from ... to ... 来描述人们因为机会而迁移？

1. Scientists were forced from small towns to the capital by a government order.
2. Scientists were drawn from small towns to the capital by new research jobs.
3. Scientists drew maps of small towns before visiting the capital.

用目标短语完成句子，表示预约时段开放了：After the clinic hired another doctor, more appointment times ____.

这个突出显示的开头主要起什么语篇作用？

1. 表示只有当所有听众都认同对现代城市的看法时，这个事实才成立。
2. 要求听众在两个互不相关的事实之间作出选择。
3. 先提出一种常见看法，再提示接下来的事实会挑战它。

甲市和乙市的人口总数相同，但甲市的土地面积只有乙市的一半。哪项说法正确？

1. 甲市的人口密度更高。
2. 乙市的人口密度更高。
3. 两座城市的人口密度一定相同。

用目标结构完成句子，表示 Hilltown 的年降雨量正好是 Laketown 的两倍：The annual rainfall in Hilltown is ____ Laketown.

一项新的医疗服务只在少数大城市提供，大多数人仍无法使用。哪句话最准确地描述了这种情况？

1. The service is available to everyone.
2. The service is not widely available yet.
3. The service is not available anywhere.

在原句中，One reason for this was that 里的 this 最自然地指什么？

1. 只指 Calcutta 这个地名。
2. 前文提到的某些古代城市人口密度很高这一事实。
3. 指句子后面才提到的交通不普及。

用表示“近到可以步行到达”的目标短语完成句子：The apartment is ____ the train station.

用高亮短语完成句子：The building plan was already limited by height rules and was ____ a small budget.

哪句话能自然地表示“安装新的防火墙是为了抵御网络攻击”？

1. The new firewall was installed to defend against online attacks.
2. The new firewall was installed to defend online attacks.
3. The new firewall was installed to defend against online safety.

一座城市正在升级道路、桥梁、水管和电网。统称这些系统时，哪个英文词最合适？

1. furniture
2. architecture
3. infrastructure

哪个句子表示某项设计让一个限制不再成为主要障碍，但没有声称该限制本身已经消失？

1. The new design removed every space limitation in the town.
2. The new design helped the town overcome its space limitations.
3. The new design worked within the town's space limitations.

选择最合适的转场表达：The printer is slow, but ___, it works well.

1. because of that
2. other than that
3. besides that

在下面这句话中，modern cities as we know them 是什么意思？Modern cities as we know them did not develop until much later.

1. 以我们今天所熟悉的形式存在的现代城市
2. 历史上各个时期的所有城市
3. 我们亲自去过的城市

请用 get one's start 的正确形式完成句子：The museum was only an idea for years, but it didn't really ____ until local artists found a building.

原句中的 the Industrial Revolution 指什么？

1. 走向机械化工业和工厂生产的历史转变
2. 一次建立了所有现代城市的政治起义
3. 近期把工厂迁出城市的运动

哪句话表示一个新系统被广泛投入实际使用？

1. The new system was developed in a small laboratory.
2. The new system was stored for future use.
3. The new system was deployed on a mass scale.

这句话是什么意思：Better transport allowed the city to expand and integrate further?

1. 城市扩大了，各个城区和服务之间的联系也变得更紧密。
2. 城市停止扩张，并让各个系统保持分离。
3. 城市扩大了，但各个城区变得更加彼此孤立。

在这个句子中，police, fire, and sanitation departments 是什么意思？

1. 销售安全用品和清洁用品的私营商店
2. 三种自然灾害
3. 负责警务、消防和环境卫生服务的城市部门

一家公用事业公司把电力从社区变电站通过本地线路送到家庭和商店。这个环节叫什么？

1. electricity generation
2. electricity transmission
3. electricity distribution

如果人口预计会 top out around 10 billion，这表示什么？

1. 人口预计会下降到正好100亿。
2. 人口预计会上升到约100亿的峰值。
3. 人口预计会永远保持在当前水平。

哪一句中的 accommodate 表示增加或调整容量以满足增长带来的需求？

1. The hotel accommodated the visiting team for two nights.
2. The report measured the growth in enrollment.
3. The school added classrooms to accommodate rising enrollment.

请使用正式结构 seek ways to + 动词原形和 adequate 完成句子：After the storm, the relief agency must ____ food for every family.

请用准确结构 in a way that + does not 完成句子：The kitchen should prepare meals ____ waste ingredients.

填入缺少的介词来完成句子：The clinic provides local families ____ free health checks.

哪一项最准确地解释了 vertical farm？

1. 作物在垂直叠放的多层空间中生长的设施
2. 只用于存放农业机器的高大仓库
3. 位于陡峭山坡上的传统农田

在短语 vacant lots 中，lots 是什么意思？

1. 大量空旷空间
2. 几套可租用的公寓
3. 城市中两块未使用的土地

哪个选项最准确地定义了 renewable energy？

1. 停电后会自己恢复的电力
2. 任何生产成本低廉的能源
3. 来自能够自然补充的来源的能源

用 instead of 完成句子：We took the train ____ driving.

选择正确表示“为了节省土地，新住宅将向上建造”的句子。

1. To save land, the new homes will be built vertically.
2. To save land, the new homes will be building vertically.
3. To save land, the new homes will be built vertical.

请用 everything that 这一结构完成句子：The emergency kit contains ____ a family needs for three days.

一座偏远岛屿自行生产大部分食物和能源，很少需要外部供给。哪句话最适合描述它？

1. The island is largely self-sufficient.
2. The island is largely self-conscious.
3. The island is largely selfish.

请用本课表示“把这件事作为重点”的两个词补全句子：The campaign is ____ reducing waste.

哪句话使用了相同的 be 后接三个并列形容词的结构？

1. The practical plan is flexible because it is affordable.
2. The plan is practical, flexibility, and affordable.
3. The plan is practical, flexible, and affordable.

请用 no longer built around 完成句子：The island once depended entirely on tourism, but its economy is ____ a single industry.

在这个结论中，but reflecting an increasingly connected and global world 的主要作用是什么？

1. 说明全球联系正在让每座城市都依赖一个产业
2. 描述建筑物像镜子一样真实映出周围的景观
3. 把旧的单一产业模式与城市如今所体现的更广泛全球变化进行对比