咖啡因是如何让我们保持清醒的？ - 哈南·卡西姆 (Hanan Qasim)：英语精读讲义

在这个句子中，“metric tons of caffeine”描述的是什么？

1. 只是一种表示咖啡因很受欢迎的非正式说法。
2. 对单个咖啡因物品数量的统计。
3. 按公吨计量的咖啡因总质量。

用 consume 的一般现在时被动形式完成句子：Millions of cups of tea ____ around the world every day.

请用引出比较的准确词组完成说明：The tank holds 30,000 liters of water. ____ the amount used by 200 people in one day.

句子中的“the weight of 14 Eiffel Towers”起什么作用？

1. 它说明了被测物体的生产地点。
2. 它表示实验中称了十四座埃菲尔铁塔。
3. 它提供了一个熟悉的尺度，帮助人们想象非常大的重量。

某条警告要表达“不得吞下该产品”。哪一句是最恰当的正式说法？

1. Do not eat this product with dinner.
2. Do not ingest this product.
3. Do not sip this product slowly.

beverages labeled decaf 最准确地说明了什么？

1. 这些饮料保证完全不含咖啡因。
2. 这些饮料被标为 decaf，但仅凭这个短语不能保证咖啡因含量为零。
3. 这些饮料被标为普通含咖啡因饮料。

把 help、us 和 feel 各用一次，并把 help 变为一般现在时，完成这个结构：A short break ____ refreshed.

明天是否下雨还不确定，但室内比赛会继续。哪句话最自然？

1. Even if it rains tomorrow, the indoor game will continue.
2. Even though it rains tomorrow, the indoor game will continue.
3. The indoor game will continue only if it rains tomorrow.

用 raise 或 rise 完成句子：Too much salt may ____ your blood pressure.

用 feel 的正确形式完成句子：Loud noises can make some people ____ anxious.

在这句话中，drug 是什么意思？

1. 它指医生开具的处方。
2. 它只指非法物质。
3. 它指任何会影响身体或大脑的物质。

一段科普讲解先说：“This coating keeps glass from fogging up.” 接下来哪句话最适合引出对其原理的解释？

1. The glass looks clear today.
2. How much does the glass cost?
3. So how does the coating stop fog from forming?

哪种解释最符合句中 evolved 的含义？

1. 某一株植物为了特定目的，决定发明咖啡因。
2. 每株植物都会在自己的一生中学会制造咖啡因。
3. 制造咖啡因的性状经过许多世代在植物谱系中形成。

请用符合两项功能的 serve a purpose 形式补全句子：The backup battery ____: it keeps the clock running and saves the settings.

用表示高剂量条件的短语完成句子：This vitamin may be harmful ____.

用标准结构 be toxic to + 受影响对象 所需的介词完成句子：Some lilies are toxic ____ cats.

用本课以 in 开头、由三个英文单词组成的原短语完成句子：The medication can still work ____.

哪句话正确使用了 help + 宾语 + 两个并列动词原形的结构？

1. The guide helps readers understand and apply the main ideas.
2. The guide helps readers understood and applied the main ideas.
3. The guide helps readers understanding and apply the main ideas.

哪一句使用 act as 表示某物确实发挥一种功能？

1. A thick curtain looks like a sound barrier.
2. A thick curtain hangs beside the sound barrier.
3. A thick curtain can act as a sound barrier.

哪项正确解释了 the central nervous system？

1. 它是由大脑和脊髓组成的系统。
2. 它是身体中央附近所有肌肉的名称。
3. 它指任何特别重要的神经。

请用 by 和 reduce 的 -ing 形式补全句子：We lowered costs ____ waste.

哪个选项最准确地解释了 sleep-inducing molecules？

1. 引起或促进睡眠的分子
2. 自己感到困倦的分子
3. 只在睡眠期间存在的分子

用 called 补全句子，介绍传感器的名称：The lab uses a sensor ____ Nova.

用 a constant supply of 补全句子，表示清洁用水必须持续可用：The clinic needs ____ clean water.

阅读句子：The sensor needs a steady supply of power, which it gets by converting sunlight. which it gets by converting sunlight 表示什么？

1. which 回指 sensor，而 by converting sunlight 说明传感器在哪里。
2. which 回指 power，而 by converting sunlight 说明传感器如何获得电力。
3. which 回指 sunlight，并且该从句表示传感器会分解阳光。

用 break down 的正确形式补全句子：Enzymes ____ food into smaller parts.

high-energy 修饰什么？called ATP 起什么作用？

1. high-energy 描述 molecule，called ATP 给出它的名称。
2. high-energy 表示 ATP 是一个精力旺盛的人。
3. high-energy 描述名称 ATP，called 描述它的能量。

选择最合适的连接语：Lena repaired old bicycles every weekend. ____, she learned how each part worked.

1. For example
2. On the contrary
3. In the process

在科学句子 “The reaction liberates oxygen from the compound.” 中，liberates 是什么意思？

1. 该反应给予氧政治自由。
2. 该反应从化合物中释放出氧。
3. 该反应把氧储存在化合物中。

在短语 “the molecule's chemical backbone” 中，backbone 是什么意思？

1. 分子的主要结构框架
2. 分子外部不重要的标签
3. 分子内部由骨头构成的脊柱

用 tailored to 补全句子：The safety guide is ____ first-time users.

在句子 The molecule docks to a receptor 中，docks to 是什么意思？

1. 它进入一个相配的位置并与受体相互作用。
2. 它把受体运到港口。
3. 它在受体旁边建造一个平台。

a cascade of biochemical reactions 描述的是哪种情况？

1. 几个互不相关的反应同时发生。
2. 一个反应触发连锁过程中的另一个反应。
3. 一个反应独自持续，不会引起其他反应。

用 cause 后 freeze 的正确形式补全句子：The cold weather caused the pipes ____.

用 slow + 过程名词 release + of 补全句子：The new valve will ____ water from the tank.

在下面的句子中，In other words 表示什么：The machine is out of power. In other words, it needs to be charged?

1. 用更清楚的话重述同一个主要意思
2. 添加一个与主要观点无关的新事实
3. 只提供一个说明主要观点的例子

请用本课中的三个词结构补全句子：In economics, a general rise in prices ____ inflation.

在药理学中，adenosine receptor antagonist 有什么作用？

1. 它在一个关于腺苷的故事里扮演反派。
2. 它会阻断或减弱腺苷受体的激活。
3. 它会立即产生新的腺苷受体。

请选择最适合引出实际结果的连接语：The last bus leaves in five minutes. ... we need to go now.

1. That means
2. For example
3. In other words

哪句话自然地使用了 derail 的隐喻义？

1. A sudden argument put the meeting on railway tracks.
2. A sudden argument made the meeting travel by train.
3. A sudden argument derailed the meeting.

用 slow down 的两个部分完成句子：The new safety check may ____ the approval process ____.

这里的 a similar molecular structure 是什么意思？

1. 这个短语描述的是两座建筑物的设计。
2. 它们的分子结构在重要方面相似，但不一定完全相同。
3. 它们是完全相同的分子。

请用 close enough that 完成句子：The two designs are ____ most people cannot spot the difference.

这句话中的 wedge into the receptors 是什么意思？

1. 挤进或紧密卡进受体
2. 把受体变成楔形物体
3. 在受体外面缓慢移动

请用 not + 形容词 + enough + to + 动词结构以及 strong 和 reach 补全句子：The signal is ____ the basement.

在下面的英文句子中，To summarize 表示什么？"To summarize, our new schedule saves time and reduces confusion."

1. 说话人正在补充另一个详细例子。
2. 说话人正在给出前面信息的主要结论。
3. 说话人正在转到一个无关话题。

在这句话中，the inhibitor 指什么？

1. your neurons
2. adenosine
3. caffeine

在这句话中，boost positive feelings 是什么意思？

1. 让这些情绪消失
2. 让这些情绪变得更强
3. 在物理上把这些情绪向上移动

判断这一说法：句子 "The study found that poor sleep is linked to stress" 证明了睡眠不足会导致压力。

1. 正确
2. 错误

使用 One of X's roles is to 结构完成句子：The library has several roles. ____ provide free access to information.

用 make it harder for ... to ... 的过去式完成句子：The loud music ____ Nora to hear the announcement.

哪个短语能自然地描述“一首可以改善人们情绪的歌”？

1. a lifting-mood song
2. a mood-lifted song
3. a mood-lifting song

请用 take ... place 和 her 完成句子：Mia is sick, so Leo will ____ in the school play.

用 have the same effect 的正确形式完成句子：The first treatment helped, but the second one didn't ____.

一个托盘已经对准空插槽。哪个句子表示它能够顺畅进入这个可用空间？

1. The tray can get stuck in the slot.
2. The tray can slide in.
3. The tray can stay outside.

判断："There's evidence that this method works" 表示这个方法已经被毫无疑问地证明有效。

1. 正确
2. 错误

哪句话最自然地表达“经常锻炼可能会长期有益于心脏健康”？

1. Regular exercise can make long-term benefits for heart health.
2. Regular exercise can do long-term benefits for heart health.
3. Regular exercise can have long-term benefits for heart health.

用表示“让某事不太可能发生”的目标 -ing 短语完成句子：The new safety checks are helping by ____ equipment failure.

在健康类文章中，省略 disease 后的 Parkinson's 和 Alzheimer's 表示什么？

1. 它们是省略了 disease 一词的疾病名称。
2. 它们是药物名称。
3. 它们表示两个人拥有某样东西。

用本课中表示“补充另一项作用并提高”的两个单词完成句子：The new machines reduce waste. They can ____ production.

哪个句子正确使用了“名词所有格 + ability to + 动词原形”结构？

1. Regular exercise can improve the body's able to use oxygen.
2. Regular exercise can improve the body's ability to use oxygen.
3. Regular exercise can improve the body ability for using oxygen.

哪个句子能自然地表示秘密信息让一场竞争变得不公平？

1. Secret information made one contestant an advantage.
2. Secret information gave an unfair advantage to win.
3. Secret information gave one contestant an unfair advantage.

请用 place limits on 的正确形式完成句子：To save water during the drought, the city has ____ outdoor water use.

请用 from ... until 完成句子：The clinic will be closed ____ Monday ____ Thursday morning.

哪个句子正确表达了过去的规定要求驾驶员的酒精含量低于法定上限？

1. Under the old rule, drivers had to stay below the legal alcohol limit.
2. Under the old rule, drivers had to stay above the maximum legal alcohol limit.
3. Under the old rule, drivers had to stayed below the legal alcohol limit.

哪个选项最符合例句中 a certain blood caffeine concentration 的意思？

1. 咖啡因在身体内聚集的某个位置
2. 血液中测得的某个特定咖啡因水平
3. 咖啡因肯定存在于血液中的证据

哪个句子表示“有些结果可能准确，但并非每个结果都准确”？

1. All of the results were inaccurate.
2. None of the results were accurate.
3. Not all of the results were accurate.

用构成 might ... but it can also ... 结构的准确四词短语完成句子：The medicine might reduce pain, ____ cause drowsiness.

请用表示“是促成原因之一”的两个英文单词补全句子：Poor ventilation can ____ headaches.

哪个句子使用了相同的结构：名词后接省略 that 的被动修饰从句，而且介词留在从句末尾？

1. The paintings are displayed in the rooms upstairs.
2. The rooms the paintings are displayed in are upstairs.
3. The rooms display the paintings upstairs.

用 have to 和 take into account 的被动形式完成句子：Before we choose a contractor, all safety risks ____.

哪个句子表示团队逐渐适应了远程工作？

1. The team adapted to working remotely.
2. The team adapted working remotely.
3. The team adopted working remotely.

哪个句子使用相同结构来表达现实中可能成立的条件及其预期结果？

1. When the sensor detected smoke, it sounded an alarm.
2. If the sensor detected smoke, it would sound an alarm.
3. If the sensor detects smoke, it will sound an alarm.

哪个句子把 clogged 用作比喻，表示某物被大量占据或负荷过重，以致无法正常工作？

1. Too many requests clogged the system, so it stopped responding normally.
2. Hair clogged the shower drain.
3. Snow clogged the narrow mountain road.

用表示“通过那样做”的两个词补全句子：Back up your photos. ____, you can restore them if your phone is lost.

用本课中的两个词让步结构补全句子：____ a detailed map, we still got lost.

请使用 do its job of + -ing 完成句子：The filter can still ____ removing dust from the air.

哪一个句子把 power down 用作比喻，表示大脑降低活动水平并准备休息？

1. After the noisy party, I needed a quiet hour for my brain to power down.
2. The new battery gives the device enough power to run all day.
3. The technician needed ten minutes to power down the server safely.

哪个句子正确使用 That's why 来说明道路结冰导致学校停课？

1. School is closed. That's because the road is icy.
2. School is closed. That's why the road is icy.
3. The road is icy. That's why school is closed.

用表示持续增加的重复比较形式完成句子：As our photo collection grows, we need ____ storage space each month.

哪句话中的“名词 + 不定式”与 adenosine receptors to block 用法相同，即名词是动作的承受对象？

1. The wall began to block the signal.
2. There are three reports to finish today.
3. She went to the office to finish a report.

哪个选项用 It's also why 把同一个原因延续到另一个结果？

1. The routine feels easier because the steps are familiar. It's also because regular practice improves coordination.
2. Regular practice improves coordination, but the routine still feels difficult.
3. Regular practice improves coordination. It's also why the routine feels easier over time.

哪句话正确地提出了一个可能的条件，并说明了可能的结果？

1. Because you suddenly change your sleep schedule, you may feel tired during the day.
2. If you suddenly change your sleep schedule, you may feel tired during the day.
3. If you will suddenly change your sleep schedule, you may feel tired during the day.

在句子 "She had headaches during caffeine withdrawal," 中，withdrawal 是什么意思？

1. 身体停止摄入已经习惯的某种物质后产生的反应
2. 从银行账户中取出的钱
3. 士兵撤离某个地区

哪一句用句首的 with 短语给出有助于解释主句结果的条件？

1. With enough light and no wind, we took a clear photo.
2. Nina went to the library with her brother.
3. Leo drew the map with a pencil.

用 work overtime 的正确时态补全句子：During last week's heat wave, the air conditioner ____ to keep the room cool.

用 causing symptoms like 完成句子：The allergy irritated her eyes, ____ redness and itching.

哪句话表示莉娜恢复到了以前的专注程度，但没有超过以前？

1. After the break, Lena was less focused than before.
2. After the break, Lena felt just as focused as ever.
3. After the break, Lena felt more focused than ever.

请用一个表示“尽管没有”并带有意外强调的两个词短语完成句子：Because it has a hand crank, this flashlight works ____ batteries.

在例句中，the world's most popular stimulant 指什么，又表达了什么含义？

1. 它回指咖啡因，并说明其所属类别和使用广泛的特点。
2. 它表示所有人都喜欢咖啡因，而且咖啡因对所有人都安全。
3. 它引入了一种之前没有提到的不同医疗方法。