脑寄生虫如何改变宿主的行为 - 雅普·德罗德：英语精读讲义

这个开场问题在科普叙事中的主要作用是什么？

1. 表明说话人完全不知道答案
2. 完整定义所有这些对象
3. 在解释揭示共同点之前先制造悬念

一位科学家想强调某种特征经过许多代才形成。哪个句子最准确？

1. Some cave fish can navigate in complete darkness.
2. Some cave fish have evolved the ability to navigate in complete darkness.
3. Some cave fish have learned to navigate in complete darkness.

用目标体型比较短语完成句子：The robot pushed a boulder ____.

在这个生物学句子中，parasites 是什么意思？

1. 总是帮助宿主而自身不获益的生物。
2. 捕捉并立即吃掉猎物的捕食者。
3. 生活在宿主体表或体内、从中获益并伤害宿主的生物。

organisms that live on or inside another host organism 在句中有什么作用？

1. 它引入了与 parasites 共存的另一类生物。
2. 它重新说明 parasites，并用关系从句给它下定义。
3. 它指出了哪些生物充当 parasites 的宿主。

在 which they harm and sometimes even kill 中，which 和 they 分别指什么？

1. which = 寄生生物；they = 宿主生物
2. 两个代词都 = 宿主生物
3. which = 宿主生物；they = 寄生生物

用 receive 的正确形式完成句子：The garden's health depends on ____ enough sunlight.

用 from one X to the next 结构和 department 完成句子：The report moved ____ as each group reviewed it.

在寄生生物的传播链中，intermediate species 发挥什么作用？

1. 它必须是传播链中的最后一个宿主。
2. 它在后续宿主之前构成一个中间环节。
3. 它只是体型处于平均水平的物种。

使用 reduce 的正确形式填空：The phone saves battery power by ____ background activity.

在这句科普表达中，direct brain hijacking 最可能是什么意思？

1. 寄生生物直接夺取或干扰宿主大脑及其行为的控制权。
2. 寄生生物在宿主体内时劫持了一辆交通工具。
3. 寄生生物真的偷走并带走宿主的大脑。

选择能正确引出完整例句的连接语：Many animals migrate long distances. ___, monarch butterflies travel thousands of kilometers.

1. Such as
2. Because
3. For example

哪一句使用 needs... but... prefers... 清楚地建立了双方之间的冲突？

1. The fern needed water after a hot afternoon.
2. The garden gets sunlight, and the fern grows beside the wall.
3. The garden needs full sun, but this fern prefers deep shade.

哪一句中的 once 表示达到某个条件后会触发下一件事？

1. I visited the stadium once last summer.
2. Once the gate opens, the runners will move forward.
3. Check each ticket once before you enter.

用“形容词 + enough + to 不定式”结构中缺少的单词补全句子：The seedling is strong ____ to survive outside.

在句子“Radio interference garbled the rescue team's message.”中，干扰造成了什么？

1. 它使消息变得混乱或难以理解。
2. 它清楚而准确地重复了消息。
3. 它把消息翻译成了另一种语言。

用以 in the 开头的目标三词短语完成句子：Maya tried to fix the lamp but broke a wire ____.

听完整的英文句子，选择你听到的准确句子。注意表示移动的动词以什么音开头，并听清表示方向的词。

1. The worm wriggles under the fruit.
2. The worm wriggles out of the fruit.
3. The worm wiggles out of the fruit.

用过去时的 get 被动语态补全句子，说明发生了什么，并指出 ants 是动作执行者：During the picnic, our sandwiches ____ ants.

用一个表示“一个结果引出下一个结果”而非“作为回报”的两词短语补全句子：The storm flooded the field, which ____ forced the school to cancel the game.

在这个句子中，thus 表示什么关系：The experiment failed twice; thus, the team changed its method?

1. 方法的改变发生在失败之前。
2. 之前的失败导致了方法的改变。
3. 这两个事实只是在进行对比。

使用本条笔记中的带连字符形容词完成句子：The report describes the chemical's ____ effects.

哪个句子表示信号沿着一条神经移动并到达大脑？

1. The signal travels up the nerve to the brain.
2. The signal travels around the nerve near the brain.
3. The signal travels from the brain to the nerve.

用一个关系副词连接地点和在那里发生的事情：The medicine reaches the liver, ____ it is processed.

用 do 替代结构避免重复 stop，完成句子：The music may stop suddenly, but before ____, you will hear a warning tone.

用目标短语动词的原形完成句子：To meet rising demand, the factory will ____ production next month.

使用 read 和 make + it + hard + to do 结构完成句子：The glare makes ____ the screen.

用 likely 的比较级加 to 完成句子：Clear instructions make users ____ finish the setup correctly.

请将 passed、it 和 on 按自然语序填入空格：The nurse received the update and ____ to the next shift.

在演讲中，And now, meet our next guest 的主要作用是什么？

1. 安排与嘉宾面对面会面
2. 宣布演讲已经结束
3. 以生动的主持人口吻引出下一个介绍对象

使用本课中意为“也叫作”的准确短语完成句子：The aurora borealis is ____ the northern lights.

使用本课中意为“首选的”的准确两词短语完成句子：For sketching, a pencil is Mia's tool ____.

在例句中，exoskeleton 是什么意思？

1. 用于消化食物的柔软器官
2. 只位于动物体内的一组骨头
3. 位于动物身体外部、起支撑和保护作用的坚硬结构

请用 set 加上正确的搭配词补全句子，表达“触发”的意思：Opening this door can ____ the alarm.

用 cry 的正确形式补全句子：The sudden noise made the baby ____.

用 leave 的正确形式补全句子：The evacuation order compelled residents ____.

请用 “stumble onto” 的过去式补全句子：During our walk, we ____ a quiet beach that was not on the map.

听完整的英文句子并选择听到的内容。注意 latches 是否有额外的 /ɪz/ 音节。

1. The clip catches on the edge.
2. The clip latches onto the edge.
3. The clip latched onto the edge.

用 parasitize 的正确形式完成句子：A tiny worm ____ a fish and takes nutrients from it.

哪个句子中的 shoots off 表示“把某物迅速从来源处喷射出去”？

1. Maya shoots off as soon as the bell rings.
2. When the pod dries, it shoots off seeds in every direction.
3. The team shoots off a quick reply to the coach.

请用 turn ... into 完成句子：At art club, we can ____ old jars ____ useful lamps.

选择语法正确的句子。

1. One of the city's oldest buildings was damaged in the storm.
2. One of the city's oldest buildings were damaged in the storm.
3. One of the city's oldest building was damaged in the storm.

朋友因为觉得考试很难而沮丧。哪句话最自然地提供了一点情绪上的安慰？

1. To be exact, almost everyone found the exam difficult.
2. If it's any consolation, almost everyone found the exam difficult.
3. By the way, the exam started at nine.

使用否定 it-cleft 完成句子：It ____ the traffic ____ caused the delay; it was a power cut.

朋友以为你说的是颜色，但你说的是尺寸。哪句话能清楚地把话题拉回正确对象？

1. I'm talking about the size, not the color.
2. I'm talking about whether the color is bright.
3. I'm talking to the size, not the color.

根据原句，Plasmodium 是什么？

1. 它就是传播疟疾的蚊子。
2. 它是一个寄生生物属，其中的物种会引发疟疾。
3. 它是一种引发普通感冒的病毒。

哪一句中的 shuttle 是动词，表示在不同地点之间反复运送某物？

1. The van shuttles samples between the two labs.
2. We waited for a shuttle outside the terminal.
3. The airport shuttle was already full.

哪一句正确使用了 make + 宾语 + 动词原形和 for longer？

1. The new schedule makes us work more often and for longer.
2. The new schedule makes us to work more often and for longer.
3. The new schedule makes us working more often and for longer.

哪句话能最自然地补充一项有研究支持、但并非绝对确定的发现？

1. There's also evidence that short walks can improve concentration.
2. There's also an evidence to short walks can improve concentration.
3. Research also proves that short walks improve everyone's concentration.

请填入引出“感到某事物有吸引力的群体”所用的介词：The low price is attractive ____ first-time buyers.

用 so...that 完成表示程度与结果的句型：The backpack was ____ heavy ____ I had to put it down.

用一个四词表达完成句子，表示以亿为单位的大概数量：The app has ____ users worldwide.

哪句话自然地使用 And finally, 引出列表中的最后一项？

1. And finally because the safety rule is important.
2. And finally, this is the first topic on our list.
3. And finally, let's discuss the last safety rule.

一位朋友说：“I am having serious trouble breathing.” 这时只回答“Don't worry.”是否合适且充分？

1. 合适且充分
2. 不合适，也不充分

这里的 I mean, probably. 起什么作用？

1. 它把安抚话语变成了确定的科学结论。
2. 它用幽默的方式降低了前面安抚话语的确定性。
3. 它引入了一个完全不同的新话题。

用 there is ... called ... 结构完成句子：____ a small island ____ Saba in the Caribbean.

补全成对结构 both ... and，使句子明确表示两个条件都不可少：The trip needs ____ time ____ money to plan well.

哪句话表示饮用受污染的水是感染途径？

1. He got infected by drinking contaminated water.
2. He got infected after drinking contaminated water.
3. He was infected with a waterborne virus.

使用 making + 宾语 + 形容词表达给出的结果：The teacher explained the plan clearly, ____.（结果：每个人都变得更平静。）

这句话中的 maybe even 起什么作用？

1. 表示受到吸引发生在警惕性降低之前。
2. 增加一种更令人意外、但仍不确定的可能性。
3. 表示老鼠一定会靠近这些猫。

哪句话正确使用了 easy prey 来表示“容易下手的目标”？

1. People who reuse simple passwords can become easy pray for scammers.
2. People who reuse simple passwords can become easy prey for scammers.
3. People who reuse simple passwords can become easily prey for scammers.

哪一行使用了相同的“名词短语 + 结果词”结构，听起来像简短的状态报告？

1. Was the system reboot successful?
2. System reboot, successful.
3. The system reboot was successful.

填入一个单词，把这项发现呈现为更令人意外的下一层信息：There's ____ evidence that regular walks can improve sleep quality.

用本课表达补全句子，使其表示“在大多数情况下”：____, the update installs automatically, but a few devices need manual setup.

哪一句中的 manage 表示“成功完成一项困难的壮举”？

1. The rescue team managed the feat of reaching the hikers before dark.
2. The supervisor manages a team of eight nurses.
3. The app manages your passwords automatically.

用本课中由五个英文单词组成、强调“确实已知的信息”的框架完成句子：We still lack some details. But ____, the evidence points to a wiring problem.

哪一句用 toolbox 比喻“一系列方法”？

1. The mechanic locked the toolbox after work.
2. The mediator has a diverse toolbox of strategies for resolving disputes.
3. The red toolbox is under the bench.

初步结果显示可能有好处，但研究人员尚不确定。哪一句能自然地表达这种谨慎判断？

1. The new material seems to reduce heat loss, but more testing is needed.
2. The new material seems reducing heat loss, but more testing is needed.
3. The new material definitely eliminates all heat loss.

哪一句正确使用 on the other hand 来表示真正的对比？

1. This laptop is light. On the other hand, it is easy to carry.
2. This laptop is light. On the other hand, its battery lasts only four hours.
3. This laptop is light. On the contrary, it weighs only one kilogram.

用 force 的 -ing 形式和不定式标记完成句子：The storm closed the bridge, ____ us ____ take a longer route.

判断以下表达用在生动的口头叙事中是否自然：The alarm rang over and over and over again.

1. 不自然：英语绝对不允许为了强调而重复单词。
2. 自然：额外的重复有意让动作显得一直不停。

证据仍然有限时，哪一句最适合报告一种可能的原因？

1. The chemical cannot cause headaches because the evidence is still limited.
2. The chemical may cause headaches, but the evidence is still limited.
3. The chemical causes headaches; the link has been firmly established.

用 put X into overdrive 的一般过去时完成句子，填写两个空：The unexpected demand ____ the small factory ____.

一份报告列出了几个可能的原因，但每种情况下要采取的安全措施都相同。哪句话最适合引出这个共同结论？

1. Whatever the cause, we must check the equipment immediately.
2. Because the cause is already known, we can skip the check.
3. Choose whichever cause sounds most likely.

在演讲中，When you think about the evidence, you may wonder ... 这个框架起什么作用？

1. 它宣布这些证据是错误的。
2. 它要求听众立即口头回答。
3. 它引导听众从已知证据转向由此产生的问题。

下面哪句话中的 doing the talking 表示某种隐藏力量正在影响一个人的言语或行为？

1. The two presenters were doing the talking while their guest listened.
2. After a sleepless night, irritation was doing the talking, not her usual patience.
3. The microphone was on the table during the talk.

选择 since 用来引出原因的句子。

1. I have lived here since 2020.
2. The store has been open since noon.
3. Since the roads are icy, the school will open two hours late.

用含 could 的两个词补全句子，表达谨慎的可能性：The cave ____ deeper than we think.