如果地球被踢出太阳系会怎样？流浪地球：英语精读讲义

The night sky seems peaceful and orderly.

夜空看似宁静且井然有序。

But in reality,

但实际上，

stars are careening through the galaxy at speeds of hundreds of thousands of kilometers per hour.

恒星正以每小时数十万公里的速度在星系中穿梭。

Not bound by static formations,

它们不受制于静态的结构，

but changing neighborhoods constantly.

而是不断地改变着邻居。

Fortunately,

幸运的是，

space is big and so the stars of the Milky Way are very unlikely to hit us.

宇宙很大，因此银河系中的恒星极不可能撞上我们。

Unfortunately,

不幸的是，

they don't have to hit anything to make us have a really bad time on Earth. 語法

它们并不需要撞上任何东西，就能让地球上的我们日子难过。

And there are already stars starting to get very close.

而且已经有恒星开始离我们非常近了。

To understand how dangerous stars are to us, 表達脈絡

要理解恒星对我们有多危险，

we need to talk about gravity.

我们需要谈谈引力。

Gravity attracts every piece of matter to every other piece of matter in the universe.

引力将宇宙中的每一块物质与其他每一块物质吸引在一起。

You are attracted by an atom a million light years away and vice versa. 短語搭配

你会被一百万光年外的一个原子吸引，反之亦然。

Luckily,

幸运的是，

this force gets weaker over distance

这种力量会随着距离的增加而减弱，

and it also depends on how massive something is. 語法

而且它也取决于物体的质量有多大。

So things that are close and are very massive are more attractive,

因此，距离近且质量大的物体更具吸引力，

winning the cosmic tug of war. 習語

从而在宇宙的拔河比赛中获胜。

This way,

这样一来，

massive things define how smaller things behave around them.

大质量物体就决定了它们周围较小物体的行为方式。

The Sun makes up 99.75% of all the mass in the solar system 短語動詞

太阳占据了太阳系总质量的99.75%，

and so it shapes the behavior and orbits of everything else in it. 用詞

因此它塑造了太阳系中其他所有物体的行为和轨道。

Billions of years ago,

数十亿年前，

after the Sun was born,

在太阳诞生之后，

the solar system was a chaotic and dangerous place

太阳系曾是一个混乱而危险的地方，

as the planets were formed from countless little pieces that collided constantly.

因为行星是由无数不断碰撞的小碎块形成的。

But over the eons,

但经过漫长的岁月，

a stable balance emerged.

一种稳定的平衡出现了。

Today,

如今，

most planets and asteroids have settled into safe and predictable orbits. 短語動詞

大多数行星和小行星都已进入安全且可预测的轨道。

We have the inner and outer planets,

我们有内行星和外行星，

the asteroid and Kuiper belt,

小行星带和柯伊伯带，

and at the edge,

而在边缘地带，

the Oort Cloud,

是奥尔特云，

a giant sphere of comets orbiting slowly in cold storage. 習語

一个由在冷库中缓慢运行的彗星组成的巨大球体。

We really don't want this balance to be disturbed.

我们真的不希望这种平衡被打破。

If another star came too close to us,

如果另一颗恒星离我们太近，

its gravity would pull on everything in the solar system like a spoiled toddler, 表達脈絡

它的引力就会像一个被宠坏的孩子一样拉扯太阳系里的一切，

messing up the pleasant order of the planets and asteroids and comets. 短語動詞

扰乱行星、小行星和彗星原本美好的秩序。

This isn't some imaginary danger.

这并不是什么想象出来的危险。

Some 70,000 years ago,

大约在7万年前，

a red dwarf brown dwarf binary system passed through the Oort Cloud and messed things up.

一个红矮星和褐矮星组成的双星系统穿过奥尔特云并把那里搞得一团糟。

It might even have sent a deadly onslaught of asteroids our way. 短語搭配

它甚至可能向我们发送了致命的小行星猛攻。

But it could take 2 million years until those visitors from the Oort Cloud arrive in the inner solar system.

但那些来自奥尔特云的访客可能需要200万年才能到达内太阳系。

But there's a much bigger problem on the horizon. 習語

但眼前还有一个大得多的问题。

Gliese 710, a red dwarf with about half the mass of the Sun,

格利泽710，一颗质量约为太阳一半的红矮星，

is currently headed towards the solar system.

目前正朝着太阳系飞来。

In about a million years,

大约在一百万年后，

it'll pass through the Oort Cloud and become the brightest star in the night sky.

它将穿过奥尔特云并成为夜空中最亮的恒星。

A close flyby like this would unfold over hundreds of thousands of years,

像这样近距离的飞越将持续数十万年，

disrupting the orbits of millions of objects in the Oort Cloud considerably.

极大地扰乱奥尔特云中数百万个物体的轨道。

If we're unlucky,

如果我们运气不好，

it will trigger a new period of planetary bombardment similar to the early solar system.

它将引发一个类似于早期太阳系的新的行星轰炸期。

The night sky could be filled with comets and asteroids raining down on the inner solar system. 短語動詞

夜空可能会布满如雨点般落在内太阳系上的彗星和小行星。

The larger ones could cause dinosaur-level mass extinctions and would be bad for the stock market.

较大的那些可能会导致恐龙级别的物种大灭绝，而且对股市也不利。

But it could get much worse.

但情况可能会变得更糟。

The galaxy is an intense place and stars get close to each other regularly.

星系是一个激烈的地方，恒星之间经常会靠得很近。

So it is possible that a star could come much closer and not just pass us, 語法

因此，一颗恒星有可能靠得更近，不仅仅是与我们擦肩而过，

but fly directly through the inner solar system.

而是直接飞过内太阳系。

This would be very bad in the extreme.

这将是极端糟糕的情况。

The chance of another star colliding with the Sun is astronomically unlikely, 習語

另一颗恒星与太阳相撞的可能性极其渺茫，

but that isn't what we're worried about.

但这并不是我们所担心的。

If another star were to pass by about as close as the Earth is from the Sun, 語法

如果另一颗恒星从差不多地日距离的地方掠过，

it could easily eject the Earth from the solar system.

它很容易就能把地球踢出太阳系。

The odds of such an event are estimated to be around one in 100,000 短語搭配

这种事件发生的几率估计约为十万分之一

in the next 5 billion years.

在接下来的50亿年里。

Small,

几率很小，

but not absurdly so. 語法

但并非荒谬到不可能。

As we discussed in another video,

正如我们在另一段视频中讨论过的，

there seem to be billions of rogue planets doing their own thing in the galaxy 習語

星系中似乎有数十亿颗流浪行星在做自己的事情，

and this is one way to make them.

而这就是产生它们的一种方式。

So if this were to happen with an average red dwarf,

那么，如果这种事是由一颗普通红矮星造成的，

what would happen on Earth?

地球上会发生什么呢？

Kicking Earth out of the solar system.

把地球踢出太阳系。

As the star enters the solar system,

当这颗恒星进入太阳系时，

a small orangish dot appears in the sky that grows bigger and bigger for months,

天空中会出现一个橙色的小圆点，在几个月内越变越大，

eventually becoming visible during the day.

最终在白天也清晰可见。

It would get bigger and much brighter than the Moon.

它会变得比月亮更大且明亮得多。

Too bright to look at directly. 語法

亮得让人无法直视。

The night sky would be filled with an eerie red glow.

夜空将被一种诡异的红光所笼罩。

After a few months,

几个月后，

it would start shrinking again.

它又会开始缩小。

But so would the Sun. 語法

但太阳也会缩小。

Over a few years,

在几年的时间里，

the Sun slowly grows smaller in the sky

太阳在天空中慢慢变小，

and with it warmth and light start to dissipate.

随之而来的是温暖和光亮开始消散。

All around the world,

在世界各地，

as the days turn dark,

随着白天变暗，

the final winter of humanity would begin.

人类最后的冬天将拉开帷幕。

The polar ice caps begin to grow and spread

极地冰盖开始生长和蔓延，

while plants shrivel and die.

而植物则枯萎死亡。

Forests freeze and animals die in droves. 習語

森林被冻结，动物成群结队地死去。

As the Earth passes the orbit of Mars,

当地球越过火星轨道时，

the average surface temperature has plummeted to near minus 50 degrees Celsius.

平均地表温度已经暴跌至接近零下50摄氏度。

From space,

从太空中看，

Earth begins to look like an icy moon,

地球开始看起来像一颗冰冷的卫星，

the blue-green surface becoming the pale gray white of death.

蓝绿色的表面变成了死亡般苍白的灰白色。

As global infrastructure breaks down, 短語動詞

随着全球基础设施崩溃，

people huddle together indoors,

人们在室内挤作一团，

burning what they can for warmth as the temperature continues to drop, 語法

随着温度继续下降，燃烧他们能找到的一切来取暖，

counting the days until they'll be out of food which no longer grows.

数着日子，直到他们耗尽再也无法生长出来的食物。

Everybody living at the surface is living on borrowed time. 習語

每一个生活在地表的人都是在借来的时间里苟延残喘。

By the time Earth reaches Jupiter's orbit, 語法

当地球到达木星轨道时，

surface temperatures sink to minus 150 degrees Celsius,

地表温度降至零下150摄氏度，

lower than the coldest ever recorded temperatures in Antarctica.

比南极洲有记录以来最冷的温度还要低。

Needless to say, 表達脈絡

不用说，

by now,

到这个时候，

almost everyone is dead.

几乎所有人都死了。

Without the energy from sunlight to evaporate water, 語法

没有阳光的能量来蒸发水分，

clouds don't form and the water cycle stops.

云层无法形成，水循环停止。

The polar ice caps eventually touch at the equator

极地冰盖最终在赤道相接，

and the oceans become covered in a thick layer of ice.

海洋被一层厚厚的冰层覆盖。

As more and more of its heat leaks out,

随着越来越多的热量流失，

more water freezes onto the bottom of the ice sheet,

更多的水在冰盖底部冻结，

the concentration of salt in the deep ocean grows,

深海中的盐浓度增加，

poisoning most animals that survived here.

毒死了在这里幸存的大多数动物。

Although around hydrothermal vents, 文化背景

尽管在深海热泉周围，

communities of extremophiles might adapt even to these circumstances.

嗜极生物群落可能甚至能适应这些环境。

Deep below the surface,

在地表深处，

some bacteria would not notice much of any of this

一些细菌可能不会注意到其中的任何变化，

as they're still kept warm by the radioactive decay of elements in the Earth's core.

因为它们仍然受到地球核心元素放射性衰变所保持的温暖。

As the Earth reaches the orbit of Pluto and the Kuiper belt,

当地球到达冥王星轨道和柯伊伯带时，

the Sun is still the brightest star in the sky,

太阳依然是天空中最亮的星星，

but it's one among many,

但它只是众多星星中的一颗，

with stars now visible during the day.

现在白天也能看到星星了。

The temperature is now barely 40 degrees Celsius above absolute zero,

现在温度仅比绝对零度高出勉强40摄氏度，

below the freezing temperature of the gases in the atmosphere.

低于大气中气体的凝固点。

A weird spectacle enjoyed by no one,

一场没有人能欣赏的奇异奇观，

unfortunately,

不幸地，

unfolds as the atmosphere turns into nitrogen and then oxygen snow.

随着大气层变成氮雪，然后是氧雪而展开。

Over a few years,

在几年之内，

it's deposited into an icy 10-m thick sheet all over the planet's surface

它沉积成一层10米厚的冰层，覆盖在整个星球表面，

with only a thin whisper of gas remaining. 習語

只剩下稀薄的残余气体。

The frozen corpses of flora and fauna are buried beneath them.

动植物冰冷的尸体被埋在它们下面。

As Earth leaves the solar system,

当地球离开太阳系时，

it becomes a rogue planet,

它变成了一颗流浪行星，

traveling alone through the dark,

在黑暗中独自旅行，

lifeless and in solitude.

死气沉沉，孤独无依。

But weirdly enough, 短語搭配

但奇怪的是，

there is hope.

还是有希望的。

Humanity would not be surprised by this potential extinction event.

人类不会对这种潜在的灭绝事件感到意外。

We'd notice it thousands of years in advance. 短語搭配

我们会提前数千年注意到它。

There's not a lot we could do to stop a star, 表達脈絡

要阻止一颗恒星我们做不了什么，

but we could prepare.

但我们可以做好准备。

Most of us would perish,

我们大多数人会死去，

but a few million could survive in huge artificial complexes powered by geothermal and nuclear energy,

但可能有几百万人能够在巨大的地下人造设施中幸存下来，这些设施由地热和核能供电，

possibly even fusion if we can learn to use the ice around us for power.

如果我们能学会利用周围的冰来发电，甚至可能使用聚变能。

Here,

在这里，

humanity might survive for hundreds of thousands of years.

人类可能存活数十万年。

At some point,

在某个时刻，

we would become used to our circumstances 語法

我们会习惯自己的环境，

and new generations would watch documentaries in disbelief 短語搭配

而新一代的人则会难以置信地观看纪录片，

about the time we had our own star and could walk the surface of Earth.

了解那个我们拥有自己的恒星并能在地球表面行走的时代。

And at some point,

在某个时刻，

we might decide to look for another home.

我们可能会决定寻找另一个家。

If the Earth were lucky enough to pass by another star with a habitable planet, 語法

如果地球足够幸运地经过另一颗带有宜居行星的恒星，

we could try to make a fresh start. 短語搭配

我们可以尝试重新开始。

Space flight,

太空飞行，

oddly enough,

奇怪的是，

would become very easy without the atmosphere in the way. 習語

如果没有大气层的阻碍，将变得非常容易。

So it's not unthinkable that the last survivors would leave Earth behind 語法

因此，最后的幸存者离开地球，

and try again on a new planet around a new star.

并在一颗新恒星周围的新行星上重新开始，这并非不可想象。

Maybe one day,

也许有一天，

thousands of years later,

数千年后，

the descendants of humanity will tell legends about Earth's ancient past.

人类的后代将讲述关于地球远古过去的传说。

Stories of our lost home,

关于我们失去的家园的故事，

of a mysterious icy planet floating alone and empty through the dark of space.

关于一颗神秘而冰冷的星球，空荡荡地独自在黑暗的太空中漂泊的故事。

Welcome to the Kurzgesagt Lab.

欢迎来到 Kurzgesagt 实验室。

Let's conduct a few better experiments. 短語搭配

让我们来进行一些更好的实验。

We'll first add some more mass to this protostar.

我们先给这颗原恒星增加一些质量。

More.

多一点。

A bit more.

再多一点。

Wow,

哇，

we've just created a blue giant,

我们刚刚创造了一颗蓝巨星，

a star with 10 times the mass of our Sun.

一颗质量是我们太阳10倍的恒星。

Let's now add a couple of million years and see what happens.

现在让我们加上几百万年，看看会发生什么。

A supernova.

超新星爆发。

Breath-taking.

惊为天人。

And look,

看，

it leaves behind a black hole. 短語動詞

它留下了一个黑洞。

Fascinating stuff.

非常迷人。

Now we record our findings. 短語搭配

现在我们记录下我们的发现。

Be careful to preserve the sparkle.

小心保留光芒。

It's now time for Duck's final inspection.

现在到了 Duck 进行最终检查的时间了。

This one is always a nail-biter. 習語

这总是让人捏一把汗。

He has incredibly high standards. 短語搭配

它的标准高得离谱。

Lucky for us,

幸运的是，

our work is scientifically accurate,

我们的工作在科学上是准确的，

offers an overview of important astrophysical processes,

提供了重要天体物理过程的概述，

and is a real stunner. 用詞

并且绝对让人惊艳。

Duck approves.

Duck 批准了。

Looks like it's ready to be shared with the world as a poster,

看来它准备好作为一张海报与世界分享了，

a very special piece of Kurzgesagt you can take home and touch.

一份非常特别的 Kurzgesagt 作品，你可以带回家并触摸它。

You can get this very special poster along with many other sciencey and spacey things crew chased with love and care from our shop.

你可以从我们的商店购买这张非常特别的海报，以及许多其他充满爱与用心制作的科学和太空产品。

Every Kurzgesagt product you buy directly funds another moment we get to spend working on our videos.

您购买的每一件 Kurzgesagt 产品都能直接资助我们花更多时间制作视频。

Thank you so much for being a part of our story

非常感谢您成为我们故事的一部分，

and for making this channel possible.

并让这个频道成为可能。