如果你不小心被鲸鱼吞下会怎样？：英语精读讲义

There is lots of helpful information available on the web

网络上有很多有用的信息，

regarding how to survive an animal attack,

是关于如何在动物攻击中生存下来的，

such as how to keep alive if a lion attacks you.

比如，如果狮子攻击你，该如何保命。

Firstly, don't try to outrun it

首先，不要试图跑赢它，

because lions can reach speeds of 50 mph. 短語搭配

因为狮子的速度能达到每小时50英里。

Experts say, face it head on 習語

专家建议，你要迎面直视它，

and try to look big.

并努力让自己看起来体型庞大。

Regardless, you'll likely suffer.

无论如何，你很可能会受苦。

If you come up against a bear, 短語動詞

如果你遇到了熊，

again, look big

同样，要让自己显得高大，

but also scream and shout like a madman.

同时还要像疯子一样大喊大叫。

If that fails,

如果这些都没用，

hit the ground and act dead.

那就趴在地上装死。

If it's a shark,

如果遇到的是鲨鱼，

certainly don't play dead 短語搭配

千万别装死，

cuz it might just see that as an invite. 講解

因为它可能把这看作是你在邀请它。

We are told keep eye contact with the shark,

有人告诉我们，要和鲨鱼保持眼神交流，

don't splash around,

不要在水里扑腾，

and you might want to curl up in a ball. 講解

你或许还可以把身体蜷缩成一个球。

Easier said than done, eh? 習語

说起来容易做起来难，对吧？

But today, we'll look at the craziest of dangers

但是在今天，我们要看看最疯狂的危险。

in this episode of The Infographics Show,

在本期的《信息图表秀》中，

what if a whale accidentally swallowed you?

如果不小心被鲸鱼吞下，会怎么样？

Before we get to the heart of the matter, 習語

在我们进入问题的核心，

or should we say stomach, 表達脈絡

或者说“胃”之前，

stories of human beings swallowed by whales

人类被鲸鱼吞下的故事

have been around for a while. 短語搭配

流传已经有一段时间了。

You might know the tale of Jonah 文化背景

你可能知道约拿的故事，

from the Old Testament,

出自《旧约全书》，

who was apparently swallowed by a giant fish.

他显然被一条大鱼吞下了。

Maybe they meant a giant mammal,

也许他们指的是一种巨大的哺乳动物，

a whale.

鲸鱼。

In the Quran, it's written,

在《古兰经》中写道，

"Then the big fish did swallow him

"于是大鱼吞下了他，

and he had done acts worthy of blame."

而他做了应受谴责的行为。"

Had it not been that he repented 語法

若不是他悔改

and glorified Allah,

并赞美真主，

he would certainly have remained inside the fish.

他肯定会一直留在大鱼肚子里。

We doubt these days

如今我们很怀疑，

that repenting would encourage the big fish to spit you back out.

悔改是否能促使大鱼把你吐出来。

Now, let's have a look at the size of a whale

现在，让我们来看看鲸鱼的尺寸

and its mouth before we talk about more recent stories of people

和它的嘴，然后再讨论最近那些

claiming to have been swallowed by them. 語法

声称自己被鲸鱼吞下的人的故事。

The blue whale, the largest of them all,

蓝鲸是它们中体型最大的，

can measure about 100 ft in length. 短語搭配

长度可达约100英尺。

They can weigh about 400,000 lb.

重量可达约40万磅。

Its tongue alone is said to weigh

据说单单它的舌头就有

as much as an average size Asian elephant. 語法

一头普通亚洲象那么重。

As for the important matter of its gaping kisser, 講解

至于它那张血盆大口这个重要问题，

one website tells us,

一个网站告诉我们，

"You and 400 of your friends

"你和你的400个朋友

could fit in its mouth."

都能装进它的嘴里。"

Then we have sperm whales,

接下来是抹香鲸，

which will feature in today's show.

它将是今天节目的主角。

They are smaller,

它们体型较小，

but a bit scarier

但有点更吓人，

as they are the biggest of the toothed whales.

因为它们是最大的齿鲸。

They might be smaller,

它们或许小一些，

but they're no pushovers, 習語

但绝不好惹，

which you will know if you ever read

如果你读过那本开头是

a book that began, "Call me Ishmael." 文化背景

"叫我伊什梅尔。"的书，你就会知道。

That's Moby Dick for our viewers not fond of reading.

对于不喜欢读书的观众来说，那是《白鲸》。

Large sperm whales can reach a length

大型抹香鲸身长可达

of 67 ft and weigh 12,435 lb.

67英尺，重达12435磅。

They are big eaters too,

它们也是大胃王，

consuming about 3% of their body weight every day.

每天大约要吃掉占体重3%的食物。

So, what we are saying is that getting a human 表達脈絡

所以，我们的意思是，把一个人

or even a bunch of humans inside

甚至一群人放进

a whale's mouth wouldn't be a problem at all.

鲸鱼的嘴里根本不是问题。

But has it actually happened?

但这真的发生过吗？

Well, you might have read the most recent tale

嗯，你可能已经读过最近

of this supposedly happening

在网络上流传的

that has been circulating around the web. 短語動詞

关于所谓发生这种事的故事。

But we all know by now,

但我们现在都知道，

or at least we hope you know,

或者至少希望你知道，

that you must be very careful

你必须非常小心地对待

about what you believe concerning stories on the internet.

你在网上所相信的那些故事。

This particular story told us that in 2015,

这个特别的故事告诉我们，在2015年，

a Spanish fisherman named Luigi Marquez

一位名叫路易吉·马尔克斯的西班牙渔民

was swallowed by a whale and lived

被鲸鱼吞下，并在

in its belly for 3 days

它的肚子里活了3天，

before emerging in one piece 習語

然后毫发无损地出来，

with the best ever story to tell his mates.

给他朋友们带去了一个绝佳的故事。

Lo and behold, the tale was first 表達脈絡

瞧，这个故事最初

reported by a dubious spiritual website.

是由一个可疑的灵修网站报道的。

Hmm, 3 days,

嗯，3天，

that's the same time

这和约拿

Jonah had a sabbatical inside the giant fish.

在大鱼里度过假期的时长一样。

It was totally fake,

这完全是假的，

but this didn't stop numerous websites 語法

但这并没有阻止众多网站

passing the story on. 短語動詞

继续传播这个故事。

Yes,

是的，

we all should be lamenting the fall of journalism.

我们都应该为新闻业的没落而哀叹。

But let's look further into men disappearing in whales. 短語動詞

但让我们进一步看看人在鲸鱼肚里消失的事。

The most famous story that hasn't

最著名且没有

absolutely completely been debunked

被完全彻底拆穿的故事，

is the tale of a man called

是关于一个名叫

James Bartley, aka the modern Jonah.

詹姆斯·巴特利，又名现代约拿的人的故事。

It's said in 1891, he was indeed swallowed by a whale, 語法

据说在1891年，他确实被鲸鱼吞下了，

but the whale died and the man was

但鲸鱼死了，这个人

found alive inside its stomach.

被发现活在鲸鱼的胃里。

This was widely reported in the British and American press at the time.

当时英国和美国的新闻界广泛报道了此事。

One British media outlet ran the headline, 用詞

一家英国媒体的头条写道，

"Rescue of a modern Jonah."

"现代约拿获救。"

While many American newspapers also ran the story.

同时许多美国报纸也刊登了这个故事。

38-year-old Mr. Bartley had been a sailor on the British ship

38岁的巴特利先生曾是英国帆船

Star of the East.

“东方之星”号上的一名水手。

During their long trip,

在他们漫长的航行中，

the crew saw a large whale

船员们看到一条大鲸鱼

swimming off the coast of the

在南美洲

Falkland Islands in South America.

福克兰群岛的海岸外游弋。

They dropped a couple of boats

他们放下几只小船，

and armed with harpoons,

带着鱼叉，

went to hunt the beast.

去猎杀这头巨兽。

The little boats were no match for the massive whale 習語

小船根本不是这头巨大鲸鱼的对手，

and it tipped them,

它把船打翻了，

although it had been hit with two harpoons

尽管它中了猛烈的两叉

and was mortally injured. 短語搭配

并受了致命伤。

Most crew were rescued,

大多数船员获救了，

but one drowned and another went missing, 短語搭配

但一人淹死，另一人失踪，

presumed drowned. 用詞

被假定淹死了。

This was our dear Mr. Bartley.

这就是我们亲爱的巴特利先生。

The ship managed to finish the whale off 短語動詞

这艘船最终了结了那头鲸鱼，

and pull it on board.

并把它拉上船。

About a day and a half later,

大约一天半之后，

after the crew had been cutting the whale open,

在船员们切开鲸鱼的时候，

they noticed something moving.

他们注意到有东西在动。

A man curled in a ball,

一个蜷缩成一团的男人，

covered in whale stomach.

浑身是鲸鱼胃里的东西。

It was the missing sailor,

正是那位失踪的水手，

and that's the story.

故事就是这样。

He'd apparently survived 36 hours inside the whale.

显然他在鲸鱼体内活了36个小时。

This is how the newspapers reported it.

这是报纸上的报道。

The workmen were startled while laboring to clear it

工人们在努力清理它

and to fasten the chain about it

并用铁链把它拴起来时，

to discover something doubled up in it

惊讶地发现里面有个缩成一团的东西，

that gave spasmodic signs of life.

还有间歇性的生命迹象。

He made a full recovery 短語搭配

他完全康复了，

and this is what he supposedly told the crew

至少根据一个来源，

of his internal adventure,

据说这是他给船员们讲述的

according to one source at least. 表達脈絡

他在鲸鱼体内的冒险经历。

He was engulfed by darkness and felt himself

他被黑暗吞没，感觉自己

slipping along a smooth passage

沿着一条光滑的通道滑下，

that seemed to move and carry him forward.

那通道似乎在动，推着他向前。

He came to an area with more room in it

他来到一个空间更大的地方，

and was able to reach around.

可以四处摸索。

Upon feeling a yielding slimy substance as the walls, 語法

当他摸到像墙壁一样柔软黏滑的物质时，

he realized he had been swallowed.

他意识到自己被吞下了。

But was fake news around in the late 19th century?

但在19世纪末有假新闻吗？

Of course it was.

当然有。

Humans have been telling lies from when they first learned how to speak

人类从刚学会说话起就开始撒谎，

and passing them on as truth.

并把它们当真相传递。

Some investigations into this story ensued 用詞

对这个故事的调查随后展开，

with the investigators indeed saying there was a ship

调查人员确实证实当时确实有

by that name sailing in that part of the world at that time,

一艘叫那个名字的船在世界那个地区航行，

but it was not a vessel equipped for whaling 短語搭配

但它不是一艘配备捕鲸设备的船，

and there was no British geezer on board 用詞

而且船上也没有

with the name John Bartley.

名叫约翰·巴特利的英国人。

The captain's wife also said this,

船长的妻子也说了这番话，

"There is not one word of truth in the whale story.

"这个捕鲸故事里没有半句实话。

I was with my husband all the years

我丈夫在'东方之星'号的那些年，

he was in the Star of the East.

我一直和他在一起。

There was never a man lost overboard 用詞

当他在船上的时候，

while my husband was in her.

从来没有人在海里失踪过。

The sailor has told a great sea yarn."

这个水手讲了一个天大的航海奇谈。"

You can't beat a good sea yarn, 習語

没有什么比一个好的航海奇谈更棒了，

but now let's look more at the science of the matter.

但现在让我们更多地从科学角度来看看这个问题。

Well,

嗯，

no one would deny that a human could fit in a whale's mouth. 語氣意圖

没人会否认一个人能被装进鲸鱼嘴里。

But what would happen after the initial entrance?

但在最初的入口之后会发生什么呢？

One scientist says,

一位科学家说，

"If it was a blue whale,

"如果是蓝鲸，

we wouldn't even fit down the animal's esophagus.

我们甚至无法通过这动物的食道。

It's just too small.

它实在太小了。

So, we might end up in its mouth,

所以，我们可能会进入它的嘴里，

but we would just get spat back out." 語法

但只会被它吐出来。"

But toothed whales are a different matter altogether. 短語搭配

但齿鲸完全是另一回事。

Both sperm whales and killer whales

抹香鲸和虎鲸

do swallow very large prey, bigger than us.

确实会吞下非常大的猎物，比我们还大。

One scientist says,

一位科学家说，

"If we manage to get past all those sharp teeth 短語動詞

"如果我们设法穿过那些锋利的牙齿，

and we went down the hole,

掉进那个洞里，

our next hurdle would be dealing with the whale's digestive system. 習語

我们面临的下一个障碍将是应对鲸鱼的消化系统。

Enzymes would burn your skin

酶会灼伤你的皮肤，

and you'd be in a bit of a state 習語

你会处境凄惨，

and if somehow you were still alive,

如果不知怎么的你还活着，

you'd end up in one of four stomach chambers.

你最终会进入四个胃室之一。

And if you've made it all the way, 習語

如果你能一路闯到底，

you can give yourself a slap on the back, 習語

你可以拍拍自己的背庆祝一下，

but you'll die very quickly anyway

但不管怎样你还是会很快死去，

because there is no air down there,

因为那下面没有空气，

just methane gas,

只有甲烷气体，

which is not exactly good for you." 語氣意圖

这东西对你可没什么好处。"

The Smithsonian Magazine,

在科学内容上我们可以信赖的

which we can rely on in terms of scientific content, 短語搭配

《史密森尼杂志》

agreed with the same scientist who concluded,

同意这位科学家的结论，

when asked if we could survive,

当被问到我们能否生存时，

"Certainly, no air inside a fish,

"当然，鱼肚子里没有空气，

so I think that's really what's going to get you in the end. 習語

所以我觉得这才是最后要你命的东西。

So, I'm afraid, no. 語氣意圖

所以，恐怕不行。"

We can find nothing out there

我们找不到任何

from trustworthy news sources that say any different.

有不同说法的可靠新闻来源。

In fact, one journalist working for Salon

事实上，Salon的一名记者

spent days going over archives 短語動詞

花了好几天时间翻阅

at the New Bedford Whaling Museum Research Library

新贝德福德捕鲸博物馆研究图书馆的档案，

and he found zero cases of whales swallowing anyone,

他发现根本没有鲸鱼吞人的记录，

never mind someone surviving. 表達脈絡

更别提有人活下来了。

Sure, mess with these creatures 短語動詞

当然，招惹这些生物，

and you might lose an arm or a leg,

你可能会失去一条胳膊或一条腿，

but it seems they are not keen on consuming an entire human. 短語搭配

但它们似乎并不热衷于吞下一个完整的人类。

What we can find, 語法

我们能找到的，

and we've seen the videos,

而且我们也看过的视频，

are people getting a little too close

是人们靠得太近，

as giant whales swim with open mouths

而巨鲸张着嘴游动

trying to grab a load of fish.

试图捕获大量鱼群。

In one video, the man looks tiny,

在其中一个视频里，那人看起来很小，

so indeed, he could have at least ended up in the whale's mouth. 語法

所以确实，他至少可能最后掉进鲸鱼嘴里。

A word of advice, 表達脈絡

给你一句忠告，

stay out of the way of a whale's orifice. 習語

离鲸鱼的孔洞远一点。

We also found this on a diver's website.

我们还在一个潜水员的网站上发现了这个。

The diver recalls being hit hard by the whale shark. 語法

这名潜水员回忆起被鲸鲨狠狠撞击的情况。

Then the diver was sucked into the mouth of the whale shark,

然后潜水员被吸进了鲸鲨的嘴里，

head first, and half swallowed up to her thighs.

头朝下，大腿以下都被吞了进去。

The diver struggled to escape the whale shark's mouth for a brief moment

潜水员挣扎了片刻，试图逃出鲸鲨的嘴巴，

before the shark spat the diver out.

然后鲨鱼把她吐了出来。

That was a shark,

那是一条鲨鱼，

but you get the picture. 習語

但你应该明白了吧。

Others haven't been so lucky and the beasts chomped instead of spat.

其他人就没这么幸运了，野兽把他们嚼碎而不是吐出来。

So, do you think anyone's ever been swallowed by a whale?

那么，你认为有人曾被鲸鱼吞下过吗？

Could you really survive in a whale stomach for 36 hours?

你真的能在鲸鱼肚子里存活36小时吗？

Let us know your thoughts in the comments.

在评论区让我们知道你的想法。

Also, be sure to check out our other video,

此外，请务必去看看我们的另一段视频，

"What if the USA paid off its debt?"

"如果美国还清债务会怎样？"

Thanks for watching and as always,

感谢观看，一如既往，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

别忘了点赞、分享并订阅。

See you next time.

下次见。