认识调香师 - 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

BBC Learning English的六分钟英语。

Hello, this is Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是BBC Learning English的六分钟英语。

I'm Sam.

我是Sam。

And I'm Neil.

我是Neil。

In this program we're finding out all about food flavors. 短語動詞

在本期节目中，我们将全面了解食物风味。

Although everyone knows what food they like the taste of, 語法

尽管大家都知道自己喜欢什么口味的食物，

the science behind flavors is complex.

但风味背后的科学却很复杂。

Flavor involves much more than tasting with the tongue. 短語搭配

风味不仅仅是用舌头品尝那么简单。

It's also influenced by how food looks, smells, 語法

它还受到食物的外观、气味、

and even how it's described.

甚至描述方式的影响。

In this program we'll be meeting the flavorists, 講解

在本期节目中，我们将结识“调香师”，

scientists who combine different natural and artificial ingredients 短語搭配

他们是把不同天然与人工原料结合起来的科学家，

to create the flavors we love to taste in our food.

创造出我们在食物中喜爱品尝的风味。

And of course,

当然，

we'll be learning some new vocabulary as well. 短語搭配

我们也会学习一些新词汇。

Sounds delicious, Neil,

听起来很美味，Neil，

but first I have a question for you. 表達脈絡

但首先我有个问题要问你。

No one really knows why,

没人确切知道原因，

but certain flavors seem to work well together. 短語搭配

但某些风味似乎就是很搭配。

Some scientists think classic combinations like lemon and lime,

有些科学家认为像柠檬与青柠，

or strawberries and cream are so popular

或者草莓与奶油这样的经典组合如此受欢迎，

because their chemicals overlap in special ways. 短語搭配

是因为它们的化学成分以特殊方式重合了。

Sometimes this creates new, interesting, and unusual flavors.

有时这会创造出全新、有趣且不同寻常的风味。

So what weirdly popular combination was invented by British chef Heston Blumenthal? 講解

那么，英国厨师Heston Blumenthal发明了什么奇怪却大受欢迎的组合？

Was it A, dark chocolate and sea salt?

是A，黑巧克力和海盐吗？

B, milk chocolate and chili?

B，牛奶巧克力和辣椒？

Or C, white chocolate and caviar?

还是C，白巧克力和鱼子酱？

Well, I've tried sea salt and chocolate. 語法

呃，我试过海盐和巧克力。

I think it tastes great. 語法

我觉得味道很棒。

So I'll say A.

所以我选A。

Okay, Neil.

好的，Neil。

I'll reveal the correct answer at the end of the program. 短語搭配

我将在节目最后揭晓正确答案。

Nowadays,

如今，

the flavor industry is big business. 習語

风味产业是一门大生意。

Flavorists work in high-tech laboratories 用詞

调香师在高科技实验室里工作，

and every new ice cream, crisp,

每一款新的冰淇淋、薯片、

or toothpaste flavor is the result of years of scientific research. 短語搭配

或牙膏口味，都是多年科学研究的结晶。

But it wasn't always like that. 表達脈絡

但情况并非总是如此。

Here's food historian Dr. Nadia Berenstein 表達脈絡

接下来由食物历史学家Nadia Berenstein博士

describing the beginnings of the flavor industry in the 19th century

描述19世纪风味产业的起步，

to Ruth Alexander,

对话对象是Ruth Alexander，

presenter of the BBC World Service program,

BBC全球服务节目

The Food Chain.

《The Food Chain》的主持人。

There's really only a handful of people 用詞

当时真的只有屈指可数的人

and maybe a dozen or so companies that are really involved. 用詞

大概十几家公司真正参与其中。

And at that point, 表達脈絡

在那个时候，

they really are kind of working with secret recipes 語氣意圖

他们实际上是靠秘方运作，

that were kept very secure

这些秘方被严密保管，

and sometimes passed down within families from father to son. 講解

有时在家族内由父亲传给儿子。

So it really seemed like a guild structure from the Middle Ages at that point. 文化背景

所以在当时，它看起来真的很像中世纪的行会结构。

Was it seen as some kind of dark art? 習語

它被视作某种黑魔法吗？

Yes,

是的，

the term black art does come up 短語動詞

“黑魔法”这个词确实出现过

in some of the early writing

在一些早期的著作中，

of people who are producing flavors at this point.

这些著作出自当时生产风味的人之手。

To begin with, 表達脈絡

一开始，

there were only around a dozen,

只有大约一打，

that's 12,

也就是12家

companies experimenting with food flavors. 短語搭配

尝试研究食物风味的公司。

The recipes they used were kept secret 語法

他们所使用的配方都是保密的，

and only shared with family or trusted friends.

并且只与家人或值得信任的朋友分享。

Dr. Berenstein compares these companies to a guild, 短語搭配

Berenstein博士将这些公司比作行会(guild)，

an organization of people who do the same job

即从事相同工作的人组成的组织，

or have the same interests.

或者是有着共同利益的群体。

Because it was so secretive and mysterious,

因为它如此神秘，

people saw making flavors as a dark art, 語法

人们把制造风味看作一种黑魔法(dark art)，

a method of achieving something in a clever 用詞

一种通过聪明但

but dishonest or wicked way.

不诚实或邪恶的方式达到目的的方法。

But all this changed after the Second World War, 表達脈絡

但是这一切在二战后改变了，

when the invention of processed food, 用詞

当时加工食品被发明出来，

which could be bought in supermarkets 語法

可以在超市买到

and kept fresh at home in the fridge,

并放在家里的冰箱保鲜，

increased the demand for new and exciting flavors. 短語搭配

这增加了人们对新奇风味的需求。

Here's Dr. Berenstein again

以下又是Berenstein博士

explaining the work of present-day flavorists

解释现代调香师的工作，

to BBC World Service program,

对话节目是BBC全球服务节目

The Food Chain.

《The Food Chain》。

So essentially becoming a flavorist today 語法

所以从本质上讲，今天成为一名调香师

is still an apprenticeship process.

仍然是一个学徒式的过程。

There's no academic path to it, 短語搭配

并没有什么学术路径可以走，

right?

对吧？

Your training is on the job, 用詞

你的培训是在工作中进行的，

working alongside a master flavorist 短語搭配

跟随一位调香大师一起工作，

at a flavor and fragrance company 用詞

在一家香精香料公司，

or at some of the bigger food companies

或在一些设有自己风味部门的

will have their own flavor divisions.

大型食品公司里。

It's a scientific profession for sure. 語氣意圖

这无疑是一门科学职业。

You have to know a lot about chemistry,

你必须了解很多化学知识，

but it is a creative profession. 表達脈絡

但这也是一门创造性职业。

At the very heart of this industrial food system, 習語

在这个工业化食品系统的最核心，

there's these craft artisans 用詞

有这些手艺人，

who are essentially designing molecule by molecule 短語搭配

他们实际上是在逐个分子地设计

the flavors that shape the way that food is made to taste. 用詞

决定食物味道的风味。

Today's flavorists learn their art 短語搭配

今天的调香师通过

by serving an apprenticeship,

当学徒来学习他们的手艺，

a period of time spent working for a skilled master,

即花费一段时间为技艺精湛的师傅工作，

often for low payment,

往往报酬很低，

in order to learn their skills.

以便学到他们的技能。

Although a background in chemistry is important,

尽管化学背景很重要，

you can't study flavors at university. 用詞

你无法在大学里学习风味专业。

The training happens on the job,

这种培训是在职(on the job)进行的，

at your place of work,

在你工作的地方，

while you are working.

在你工作的同时。

Dr. Berenstein calls flavorists craft artisans, 語法

Berenstein博士称调香师为手艺人(craft artisans)，

people doing skilled work with their hands,

即用双手进行熟练工作的人，

and she describes their creations as the marriage of science and art. 習語

她把他们的作品描述为科学与艺术的结合。

Yes,

是的，

I love the idea of the flavorist as a magician 習語

我喜欢把调香师看作魔术师的概念，

adding a pinch of this flavor or a drop of that oil 短語搭配

加一小撮这种香料或一滴那种油，

to create the perfect magical taste.

创造出完美神奇的味道。

I wonder if that's what British chef Heston Blumenthal was trying to do. 語氣意圖

我想知道英国大厨Heston Blumenthal是否也是想这么做。

In my question,

在我的问题里，

I asked what popular flavor combination was invented by chef Heston Blumenthal?

我问Heston Blumenthal大厨发明了什么大受欢迎的风味组合？

And I said it was A,

我说是A，

dark chocolate and sea salt.

黑巧克力和海盐。

So,

那么，

was I right? 語氣意圖

我说对了吗？

It's true that sweet and salty flavors go together well, 講解

甜味和咸味确实很搭，

but the correct answer was white chocolate and caviar, 文化背景

但正确答案是白巧克力和鱼子酱，

a combination described by Swiss master flavorist François Benzi

这一组合被瑞士调香大师François Benzi描述为

as weird but wonderful. 習語

奇怪但奇妙。

Right,

好了，

let's recap the vocabulary we've learned, 表達脈絡

让我们回顾一下今天学过的词汇，

starting with a dozen, 表達脈絡

从a dozen开始，

which means 12.

意思是12。

Something described as a dark art 短語搭配

被描述为dark art（黑魔法）的事物

refers to a method of achieving something in a clever but dishonest way. 短語搭配

指的是用一种聪明但不诚实的方式来实现某事的方法。

A guild is an organization of people who do the same job.

A guild（行会）是指从事相同工作的人组成的组织。

An apprenticeship is the period of time an apprentice spends watching

An apprenticeship（学徒期）是指学徒花时间观察

and working with a skilled master in order to learn their skills.

并与技艺精湛的师傅一起工作以学习技能的这段时间。

When you do something on the job,

当你在工作中(on the job)做某事时，

it happens in the workplace,

它发生在工作场所，

while you're working.

在你工作的同时。

And finally,

最后，

an artisan is a person doing skilled work with their hands.

an artisan（手艺人）是用双手进行熟练工作的人。

Once again, 短語搭配

再一次，

our six minutes are up.

我们的六分钟到了。

Bye for now. 語氣意圖

暂时说再见了。

Bye-bye.

拜拜。

Six Minute English from BBC Learning English.

BBC Learning English的六分钟英语。