大自然的3D打印机：雨林中令人惊叹的茧 - Smarter Every Day 94：英语精读讲义

Hey, it's me, Destin.

嘿，是我，Destin。

Welcome back to Smarter Every Day.

欢迎回到 Smarter Every Day。

So, we just got off this boat and we're going to walk for about an hour in the jungle to find a moth pupa. 短語動詞

所以，我们刚下船，准备在丛林里走大约一个小时去找蛾蛹。

Okay, Phil just found it.

好了，Phil刚刚找到了。

So, what are we looking at here?

那么，我们在这里看到的是什么？

This here is the pupa of a moth called a Urodid moth. 語法

这是名为 Urodid 蛾的蛹。

Now, the moth itself isn't that special looking, 語法

其实这种蛾本身看起来并没有那么特别，

but this pupa here is just incredible.

但这只蛹简直不可思议。

So, that's the chrysalis inside?

所以，里面就是蛹壳吗？

Yep.

是的。

So, that's the actual pupa inside

所以，里面是真正的蛹，

and then on the outside is the cocoon.

而外面是茧。

So, most moths will make a really strongly woven silken cocoon

大多数蛾子会结出非常坚固的丝茧，

and uh try to hide.

然后尝试隐藏起来。

But this guy has a different strategy

但是这家伙采取了不同的策略，

and instead it just dangles almost a foot down from a leaf 短語搭配

相反，它只是从一片叶子上悬垂将近一英尺，

and then it makes its uh cocoon there.

然后在那儿结茧。

And that probably protects it more from ants than anything else.

这样可能主要是保护它免受蚂蚁的侵扰，而不是防范其他威胁。

It seems so counterintuitive though to build something like that. 表達脈絡

虽然造出这样的东西似乎有悖常理。

It's almost like, hey guys, check me out. 短語動詞

这简直就像在说，嘿，大家快来看我。

Oh, crap.

哦，糟糕。

Look what I was leaning on.

看我刚才靠在什么上面了。

Golly.

天哪。

On my hat?

在我的帽子上？

Where?

哪里？

Oh, yeah.

哦，看到了。

It's a satyr.

那是眼蝶。

A satyr?

眼蝶？

I can only think about these ants right now.

我现在满脑子只能想到这些蚂蚁。

Are you using a macro lens or just a 100? 文化背景

你是在用微距镜头还是只用了100mm？

I'm using a 105 macro.

我用的是105mm微距。

Should be able to see the fine structure. 語法

应该能看清精细的结构。

Oh, that's awesome.

哦，太棒了。

And this cocoon is really one of a kind. 習語

这个茧真的是独一无二的。

Um you can actually find these guys up in North America

嗯，实际上你可以在北美找到它们，

if you're lucky.

如果你运气好的话。

So, how does he

那么，它怎么……

Okay, so he's going to become a moth, right?

好的，所以它会变成一只蛾，对吧？

Yep.

是的。

So, how does he get out once he's

那么，一旦它……它要怎么出来呢？

So, it kind of looks if you look at the bottom there,

如果你看底部的那个地方，

it almost looks like a little escape shaft.

它看起来几乎就像一个小逃生井。

So, it's possible that once it comes out as a moth,

所以有可能当它羽化成蛾时，

it'll just shoot right down.

它就会直接从那里往下冲出来。

Do you want to put your finger under it so we can see the scale? 用詞

你想把手指放在下面，让我们看看比例吗？

You got your manicure?

你做美甲了？

Yeah. You ready for this.

是啊。你准备好了吗。

I've been cleaning my nails all day. 語法

我今天一整天都在清理指甲。

Cool.

酷。

Okay, so please make this transition with me. 表達脈絡

好的，请和我一起切换场景。

So, as soon as I got back from the Amazon, 語法

我一从亚马逊回来，

I had to go to a wedding reception.

我就得去参加一个婚宴。

As I'm sitting there making small talk with this guy, 講解

当我坐在那里和这家伙闲聊时，

I start explaining this beautiful cocoon I found in the rainforest

我开始解释我在雨林中发现的这个美丽的茧，

because it made such a huge impact on me. 短語搭配

因为它给了我巨大的震撼。

So, I explained that if a cocoon is to keep predators out, 表達脈絡

我解释说，如果茧是为了防范捕食者，

why would I put holes all in my cocoon?

那我为什么要在我的茧上到处开孔呢？

And the guy said something that shocked me.

那个人说的话让我震惊了。

He goes, "Oh, that's interesting. 用詞

他说，"哦，那很有意思。

I happen to be a butterfly farmer." 短語搭配

我碰巧是个蝴蝶养殖者。"

I've come here to Mr. John's house

我来到了 John 先生的家，

and I've brought my kids with me

我还带上了我的孩子们，

and John owns one of two butterfly farms in Alabama.

John 拥有阿拉巴马州仅有的两个蝴蝶农场之一。

He's going to show us a little bit about cocoons.

他要给我们展示一些关于茧的知识。

How do you sell butterflies?

你是怎么卖蝴蝶的？

How does this work? 語氣意圖

这门生意是怎么运作的？

Well, that is a fascinating question.

嗯，这是一个非常吸引人的问题。

That's one of my... actually one of my favorite questions to answer.

这是我的……实际上是我最喜欢回答的问题之一。

But this is actually the general way I ship butterflies,

这确实是我运输蝴蝶的常规方式，

right in like this.

就像这样装在里面。

And I'll just pad them and put layers.

我会给它们垫上垫子，然后分层放好。

And most of my butterflies go to zoos, botanical gardens

我的大多数蝴蝶都去了动物园、植物园

um around the country.

嗯，遍布全国各地。

So, you don't really sell like 10 at a time, 短語搭配

所以你并不是一次只卖10只，

you sell hundreds at a time, right?

你一次卖几百只，对吧？

Right.

对的。

I would say my average size order is about 100 butterflies a week.

我想我的平均订单量是每周100只左右的蝴蝶。

So, what we have here, this is a Luna moth cocoon.

所以我们这里有的，这是一个月神蛾的茧。

And um some people are confused about the difference uh in a cocoon here

嗯，有些人分不清这里的茧

and a chrysalis uh or a pupa here.

和这里的蝶蛹（chrysalis）或蛹（pupa）的区别。

Um and the difference really isn't that great.

嗯，其实区别并没有那么大。

Inside the cocoon is actually your pupa.

茧的里面其实就是蛹。

Um so, this the cocoon itself is really just the covering that the pupa uh spins around itself. 用詞

所以，这个茧本身真的只是蛹为自己吐丝结成的外壳。

If you look here at the spicebush swallowtail,

如果你看这里的香料灌木燕尾蝶（spicebush swallowtail），

it does not have a cocoon.

它没有茧。

So, it's just the pupa.

所以它就只是蛹。

Whereas the Luna moth actually spins the cocoon around the pupa. 表達脈絡

然而月神蛾实际上会在蛹外吐丝结茧。

This is the picture of the uh the thing that we took in the rainforest.

这是我们在雨林里拍的那个东西的照片。

Yes, and that it's a beautiful example of a cocoon.

是的，那是一个美丽的茧的例子。

Why is the here I'm seeing these cocoons are solid,

为什么这里的……我看到这些茧是实心的，

but on that thing,

但是那个东西上，

you know, there's holes in the cocoon.

你知道，那个茧上是有洞的。

Why would it do that?

它为什么要那么做呢？

Well, that's actually a very important uh defense mechanism. 用詞

嗯，这实际上是一个非常重要的呃防御机制。

If you look at the cocoon um on this Luna moth,

如果你看这只月神蛾的茧，

it's very tightly woven.

它织得非常紧密。

Um so, if this was hanging on a tree like the one you found down in the Amazon,

嗯，所以如果它像你在亚马逊找到的那个一样挂在树上，

if it was hanging like that, 語法

如果它那样挂着，

as massive amounts of rain fell,

当大量下雨时，

um it would actually fill up with water and actually drown the pupa.

它实际上会积满水，并把里面的蛹淹死。

So, those large holes actually allow the rain to just fall through uh instead of filling up the pupa. 講解

所以那些大孔实际上可以让雨水直接流过，而不是积满并淹没蛹。

Oh, so a pupa actually has to have air?

哦，所以蛹实际上需要空气？

Correct.

正确。

Yeah.

是的。

People don't think about that a lot,

人们通常不会怎么去想这事，

but pupa breathe just like any other living animal. 語法

但是蛹和任何其他活体动物一样都要呼吸。

They need air.

它们需要空气。

So, if they're surrounded by water,

所以如果它们被水包围，

if that cocoon was to fill up with water,

如果那个茧积满了水，

it would actually drown the pupa.

它实际上就会把蛹淹死。

Oh, wow.

哦，哇。

Interesting. Well, thank you very much, John.

很有意思。好吧，非常感谢你，John。

You're welcome.

不用客气。

I hope you enjoyed it.

希望大家喜欢。

Last thing,

最后一件事，

you hear us using the term chrysalis. 文化背景

你听到我们用了 chrysalis 这个词。

That comes from the Greek word chrysos,

它来源于希腊语 chrysos，

which means gold.

意思是黄金。

Some butterfly pupa have a gold shimmer to them,

有些蝴蝶蛹带有金色的闪光，

so that's why they're called a chrysalis. 表達脈絡

所以这就是为什么它们被称为 chrysalis。

I thought that was pretty interesting.

我觉得那挺有意思的。

Okay, my goal here was for you to learn, enjoy, and maybe see something beautiful you've never seen before. 語法

好了，我这里的目标是让大家学习、享受，或许还能看到一些你以前从未见过的美丽事物。

I will now try to earn your like or subscription

我现在将努力赢得您的点赞或订阅，

by providing a link in the video description

在视频描述中提供一个链接

to the high resolution photos of the cocoon

包含那些高分辨率的茧的照片，

because it's pretty awesome.

因为这真的很赞。

Anyway, I'm Destin.

不管怎样，我是 Destin。

You're getting smarter every day.

你每天都在变得更聪明。

Have a good one. 短語搭配

祝你有美好的一天。

Gerson, I got to ask,

Gerson，我得问一句，

what are you doing, man?

你在干嘛，老兄？

I'm trying to keep the beetle.

我在努力留住这只甲虫。

I rather get him working.

我宁愿让它活动起来。

Steps back and use the binoculars.

退后一步用双筒望远镜看。

I think Gerson needs some glasses.

我觉得 Gerson 需要一副眼镜。

How long have you lived out here? 語法

你在这里住了多久了？

Well, I am from here.

嗯，我就是本地人。

I was born here.

我出生在这里。

Um I actually know this place very well.

嗯，我实际上非常了解这个地方。

I have almost 10 years guiding in the area,

我在这里做向导差不多有10年了，

but I never seen this before. 語法

但我以前从没见过这个。

Ever?

从来没有？

To be honest, never. 語氣意圖

老实说，从来没有。

Are you just not a very good guide? 語氣意圖

还是说你只是个不太好的向导？

Maybe.

也许吧。

I like the birds more than the butterflies,

比起蝴蝶，我更喜欢鸟类，

but I always focus in details, 短語搭配

但我总是关注细节，

new things because I like these things,

关注新鲜事物，因为我喜欢这些，

but I never seen this, honestly.

但我老实说从没见过这个。

Awesome.

太棒了。

So, you've lived here your whole life and you've never seen this?

所以你一辈子住在这里，从来没见过这东西？

No, really.

真的没有。

And uh if you want to check out John's stuff, 短語動詞

还有，如果你想看看 John 的东西，

I may or may not leave a link depending on what we decide. 講解

我可能会也可能不会留链接，这取决于我们的决定。

So, anyway,

总之，

have a good one.

祝你有美好的一天。