历史上有没有过好独裁者？ - 斯蒂芬妮·洪切尔·史密斯 (Stephanie Honchell Smith)：英语精读讲义

请用本课短语完成句子，表明该说法来自传统故事：____, a giant once lived in this cave.

在 ancient Roman statesman Cincinnatus 这一短语中，Cincinnatus 表示什么？

1. 这位古罗马政治家的名字。
2. 一个表示农夫的普通名词。
3. 一个修饰罗马国家的形容词。

用 invade 的过去完成时完成句子，表示入侵发生在警报到达之前：By the time the warning arrived, the enemy ____ the coastal town.

用本课所学、表示“需要”的三个单词的表达完成句子：After the storm, the clinic was ____ clean water.

哪句话最自然地表示危机需要既迅速又果断的行动？

1. The crisis requires swift, decisive action.
2. The crisis requires fast decision action.
3. The crisis requires quickly decided action.

用本课中表示“担任某种角色”的两个单词完成句子：During the transition, she agreed to ____ interim director.

哪项最准确地解释 absolute power over the military and government？

1. 一个人对这两个机构的看法完全正确。
2. 一个人对这两个机构拥有不受限制的权力。
3. 一个人对这两个机构只有象征性的影响力。

请用 take control 的过去式和正确的介词完成句子：After the previous director left, Lena ____ the department.

使用目标结构 in a matter of + 时间单位来表达“仅在几周之内”：After the new system went live, customer wait times fell sharply ____.

“The documentary reinforces the myth of effortless success”是什么意思？

1. 这部纪录片让一种已经存在、可能具有误导性的“轻松成功”观念显得更加牢固。
2. 这部纪录片创造了一个关于成功之神的传统传说。
3. 这部纪录片毫无疑问地证明了成功从来不需要努力。

在本句中，benevolent dictator 是什么意思？

1. 一位拥有不受约束的权力、却被描绘成为公共利益行事的统治者
2. 一位没有政治权力的善良普通人
3. 一位权力受到法律严格限制的民选领导人

用本课中准确的三个英文单词补全句子：In the fictional state, one leader ____, with no court or legislature able to limit that leader.

哪句话用 yet 表明后面的结果与前面的想法形成出乎预期的对比？

1. The road was long because it crossed the desert.
2. The road was long, yet we arrived before noon.
3. The road was long, and it had many turns.

哪句话表示委员会高效地处理了问题，但没有声称问题已经彻底解决？

1. The committee solved the safety problem completely.
2. The committee listed the safety problem carefully.
3. The committee addressed the safety problem efficiently.

这个问句在文章结构中的主要作用是什么？

1. 它要求观众指出某位特定的当代领导人。
2. 它为这种独裁者确实存在提供了最终证据。
3. 它界定了后续论证将考察的中心议题。

用目标短语构成目的表达：Extra identity checks were added ____ fraud.

在这个句子中，“potentially destructive whims”是什么意思？

1. 不带批评意味的普通偏好
2. 经过谨慎审查并有证据支持的政策
3. 可能造成严重伤害、难以预测的个人冲动

哪一个句子正确使用了省略后的 when 从句，并且两个部分的主语明确一致？

1. When functioning properly, very little power is needed by the machine.
2. When functioning properly, the machine uses very little power.
3. When the machine functioning properly, it uses very little power.

按照 enable、users 和 access 的正确形式与顺序完成句子：These secure links ____ their accounts from home.

哪一句表示“防范腐败和权力滥用”是建立信任所采用的方法？

1. The policy builds trust by protecting against corruption and the abuse of power.
2. The policy builds trust by protecting corruption and the abuse of power.
3. The policy builds trust to protect against corruption and the abuse of power.

请用本课突出显示的方式结构完成句子：A smooth launch is ____ testing every feature in advance.

在这里，regular, free and fair elections 是什么意思？

1. 现任领导人想举行时才举行的选举。
2. 选民无需付费就能参加的选举。
3. 按照既定周期举行、人民可以自由选择且程序公正的选举。

在政治讨论中，imposing term limits 是什么意思？

1. 正式规定一名公职人员可任职多久或可任职多少届。
2. 限制公职人员可以使用的专业术语。
3. 缩短一个学期的长度。

legislative branches 中的 branches 是什么意思？

1. 从树上长出的粗大树枝。
2. 拥有特定权力的不同政府部门。
3. 私营公司的地方分店。

a free press 在本句中是什么意思？

1. 任何人都可以使用的印刷机。
2. 向读者免费发放的报纸。
3. 能够在不受政府不当控制的情况下进行报道的新闻媒体。

请用 accountable 和正确的介词完成句子：Independent reviews keep managers ____ their spending decisions.

使用 encourage someone to engage in 这一结构完成句子：The library encourages residents ____ local history projects.

以下哪项最符合 absolute or near absolute power 的含义？

1. 权力在空间位置上靠近另一个权力机构。
2. 权力由多个独立群体平均分享。
3. 权力没有实质性限制，或只有极少限制。

在本句中，is free to impose their vision on society 是什么意思？

1. 此人可以不花钱地向社会介绍一种设想。
2. 此人只有在社会自愿接受后，才能提出一种设想。
3. 此人可以在不受有效约束的情况下，迫使社会接受个人设想。

用目标短语说明这项判断并非总是成立：____, the medicine may cause drowsiness.

在本句中，can sound appealing 是什么意思？

1. 它发出悦耳的音乐声。
2. 一开始可能显得很有吸引力，但不一定是个好主意。
3. 已经证明它运作良好。

用本课中表示“按正常、预期的方式”的三个英文单词补全句子：The school website is online, but it isn't functioning ____.

哪个句子正确使用 due to 引出原因？

1. The museum closed early due to a power outage.
2. The museum closed early due to the power went out.
3. The museum closed early due to it lost power.

哪种情况最能体现 extreme political polarization？

1. 几个政党在一项税收提案上意见不一，但在其他问题上仍然合作。
2. 一个小团体支持一项激进政策。
3. 两个主要政治阵营越来越敌对，处于中间立场的选民越来越少。

请用本课的完整短语完成句子：To protect their privacy, some users ____ a little convenience.

在本句中，Authoritarian-leaning leaders 最准确的意思是什么？

1. 倾向于威权主义思想或做法，但并非绝对归类的领导人。
2. 没有明确政治倾向的领导人。
3. 身体向一侧倾斜的领导人。

用 present oneself as 的正确形式完成句子：In its campaign, the company tries to ____ a friend of small businesses.

用 distill A into B 的过去式完成句子：Yesterday, the editor ____ a forty-page report ____ three clear recommendations.

在这个句子中，overt authoritarian leaders 是什么意思？

1. 威权特征尤其公开、明显的领导人。
2. 已经摆脱威权统治的领导人。
3. 刻意隐藏威权特征的领导人。

听完整的英文句子，选择你听到的句子。重点分辨 coups 末尾的 /z/ 和 coupes 末尾的 /ps/。

1. I read about three coups yesterday.
2. I read about three coupes yesterday.

哪个句子表示莉娜主动确立了自己的公开角色？

1. After leading the negotiations, Lena asserted herself as the group's spokesperson.
2. Several reporters recognized Lena as the group's spokesperson.
3. The committee officially appointed Lena as the group's spokesperson.

哪项描述最符合 exploitative contract 的含义？

1. 它在公平、透明的条款下使双方受益。
2. 它让强势一方通过利用弱势一方而获得不公平的利益。
3. 它与勘探有关，但并未评价是否公平。

完成句子，使其表示练习增加与自信增强相互关联：____ you practice, ____ confident you become.

哪句话自然地使用 riddled with 来描述广泛存在的负面问题？

1. The report was riddled of factual errors.
2. The report was riddled with factual errors.
3. The report was riddled with useful examples.

哪句话表示一名官员实际利用职务权力压制批评？

1. The official marked her position on the map.
2. The official used her position to silence critics.
3. The official was in a position to hear the critics.

请用本讲解中重点标出的两个词短语完成句子：After two years of planning, the city will ____ a major rebuilding program.

哪句话表示某人经过多年积累了巨额个人财富？

1. She built an enormous personal fortune through decades of successful investments.
2. She inherited a fortune from her aunt.
3. She made money at a one-day neighborhood sale.

对 initially elected democratically 最准确的理解是哪一项？

1. 他们未经选举就上台。
2. 他们在整个任期内始终以民主方式执政。
3. 他们最初通过民主程序获得职位，但这个短语并未描述他们后来整个执政阶段。

哪句话最明确地表示某人有计划地逐步积累权力？

1. Over several years, the director strategically accumulated power by placing allies in key positions.
2. After the election, the director immediately resigned from every position.
3. At noon, the director was given a temporary badge for one meeting.

在这句话中，embracing authoritarian forms of control 是什么意思？

1. 用身体抱住执行规则的人
2. 主动采用高度集权、限制性强的控制手段
3. 只是观察这些手段，并不接受

哪句话自然地用 wave 比喻大规模社会趋势？

1. The new law sparked a wave of public protests.
2. The swimmer watched a wave break near the shore.
3. One person quietly disliked the rule, so it was a wave of discontent.

使用过去时的 channel A into B 结构完成句子：Yesterday, the coach ____ the team's frustration ____ focused training.

判断这种用法是否准确：A school introduced a strict uniform policy, so the policy is fascism.

1. 错误
2. 正确

请用正式结构 exalt A above B 完成句子：The doctrine ____ one group ____ all others.

请用本课中表示“进入公职后”的三个词短语完成句子：____, the governor appointed an independent ethics officer.

哪句话最准确地改述 The leaders gradually dismantled checks on their power？

1. They slowly removed restraints on their authority.
2. They slowly gave the courts all of their authority.
3. They repeatedly tested whether their authority was effective.

使用一个以 rule 开头、表示法官可能作出对公司不利裁决的短语完成句子：The judge may ____ the company if the evidence is convincing.

判断正误：在 The candidate acknowledged the result. 中，acknowledged 一定表示候选人赞同并喜欢这个结果。

1. 正确
2. 错误

在这个句子中，dissenting voices 指什么？

1. 重复并维护获认可立场的人。
2. 说话音高不同寻常的人。
3. 公开反对某种主流立场的人或观点。

surrounded with yes-men 用来描述一位领导者时，是什么意思？

1. 不断附和有权势者、缺乏批判性的追随者。
2. 经常质疑领导者决定的顾问。
3. 在某个调查问题中选择了“是”的人。

哪句话用 A over B 表示更优先考虑第一项？

1. The team chose reliability over speed.
2. We talked for over an hour.
3. The lamp hangs over the table.

哪句话自然、正确地使用了 wreak？

1. The cyclone wreaked havoc across the island.
2. She wreaked a sandwich for lunch.
3. The new park wreaked happiness in the neighborhood.

用本课中的准确短语补全句子，该短语表示“被放在别人看不到或发现不了的地方”：The extra fees were ____ until customers reached the final payment screen.

在政治讨论中，cult of personality 是什么意思？

1. 一个系统性美化领袖并阻碍批评的体系
2. 每个独裁者都必须正式加入的宗教组织
3. 政治人物受欢迎程度的普通上升

哪句话最准确地概括了这两个并列动作？

1. 他们增加了所有类型的报道，并停止发布官方信息。
2. 他们减少了不利报道，并主动推广有利信息。
3. 他们用东西盖住报纸，然后把报纸推过桌面。

使用动词 present 和 present + 宾语 + as 结构完成句子，时态用一般现在时：The documentary ____ the mayor ____ a fearless reformer.

填入形式宾语：Clear labels make ____ easier to compare the two charts.

判断正误：这句问句把 Mussolini made the trains run on time 这一说法当作已经证实的成就。

1. 正确
2. 错误

用 would have 和 punish 的过去分词完成过去假设结果：If the guards had heard the protest, the ruler ____ the speakers.

用一个表示“与该说法不同的内容”的单词完成句子：Everyone called the plan safe, but the test results said ____.

哪个句子用表示让步的 while 先承认有限的好处，再提出主要的负面判断？

1. While the app loads, a logo appears on the screen.
2. While the report was being printed, we waited outside.
3. While the update fixed one minor bug, it caused several serious failures.

用指定短语 in its wake 完成句子：The tornado crossed the county, leaving damaged homes ____.

在句子“The so-called quick fix created three new problems.”中，so-called 表达了什么态度？

1. 说话人完全接受 quick fix 是一种中性的描述。
2. 说话人在说明是谁发明了这个解决办法。
3. 说话人质疑这个解决办法是否配得上 quick fix 这个标签。

请用 stand accused of 的正确形式补全这句正式新闻用语：The official ____ hiding public records.

哪一句中的 Back to ... 是用来回到先前话题的转场？

1. We drove back to the hotel after dinner.
2. The back of the chair is broken.
3. Back to our original question: why did the lights go out?

用 not that ..., but that ... 完成句子，把重点从价格转移到延误：The real problem is ____ the repair is expensive, ____ it will take three weeks.

用 give up 的过去式和正确的代词位置完成句子：The app was taking too much of her time, so she ____.

哪句话中的 step down 表示离开正式职位？

1. Nora stepped down from the stage after the speech.
2. Nora stepped down onto the lower stair for the photo.
3. Nora stepped down as committee chair after the vote.

哪句话表示创始人将不再掌握控制权，并正式把控制权交给另一个机构？

1. The founder agreed to relinquish control to the new board.
2. The founder agreed to delegate routine decisions to the new board.
3. The founder agreed to share control with the new board.

用 as important ... as 补全句子，表示两者同样重要：Clear instructions are ____ good tools for workplace safety.

用本课表示“抵挡威胁”的双词短语动词补全句子：The new security system helped the bank ____ repeated cyberattacks.

用本课表示“引出现实结果”的双词表达补全句子：The plan seems efficient in theory, but ____, it creates more paperwork.

用本讲中表示“达到预期标准”的表达完成句子：The sequel was highly anticipated, but it has not ____ audience expectations.

用本讲中表示“主动退出或拒绝”的表达完成句子：The buyer disliked the new conditions and decided to ____ the deal.

哪句话表达一种持续而强烈、可能很难满足的欲望？

1. They continuously crave more attention.
2. They sometimes want more attention.
3. They continue to need more time.

哪组句子正确使用 That's why，把道路结冰作为原因，把学校提前关闭作为结果？

1. The school closed early. That's why the roads were icy.
2. The roads were icy. That's because the school closed early.
3. The roads were icy. That's why the school closed early.

哪一句中的 checks on leaders 表示对政治权力的限制？

1. The treasurer writes checks for political leaders.
2. A clinic performs health checks on political leaders.
3. Independent courts can provide checks on political leaders.

用本课以 In 开头、表示“在某人控制之下”的四词短语补全句子：____ a careful technician, the machine is safe to operate.

哪句话用 even seemingly robust 表示某事物看起来很稳固，但仍可能很脆弱？

1. Even seemingly robust institutions can fail under pressure.
2. Seemingly robust institutions never face pressure.
3. Even robust institutions can fail under pressure.

用本课中表示“逐渐进入更糟状态”的两词表达完成句子：If the talks fail, the region could ____ chaos.

哪句话最恰当地从解释问题转向询问观众可以采取的实际行动？

1. The risks are clear. So how was the report designed?
2. The risks are clear. So what exactly can you do today?
3. The risks are clear. So when was the issue first discovered?

用 check 的正确形式完成这条表示第一步的指令：To secure your account, start by ____ your privacy settings.

请用一个表示“所有实际细节”的五词习语完成句子：Before you train the new staff, you need to learn ____ the scheduling system.

哪一句用 ingredient 作比喻，表示“必要因素”？

1. Flour is the key ingredient in this bread.
2. Patience is a key ingredient in learning a language.
3. She put every ingredient on the kitchen counter.