糖如何影响大脑 - 妮可·艾维纳 (Nicole Avena)：英语精读讲义

例句开头的 Picture 起什么作用？

1. 它让观众给这些食物拍照。
2. 它邀请观众把这些食物想象成一幅生动的画面。
3. 它让观众观察屏幕上已有的一张图片。

哪句话能自然地描述一个人面对诱人食物时的反应？

1. The soup smells amazing, and my mouth is watering the soup.
2. The soup smells amazing, and my mouth is watering.
3. The soup smells amazing, and my mouth is mouth-watering.

哪一句自然地表达了“现在特别想吃甜的东西”？

1. I'm craving something sweet right now.
2. I want something sweet right now.
3. I enjoy sweet foods.

哪一句使用了 make + 宾语 + 形容词 + to 不定式来描述某种效果？

1. Clear labels make these buttons work.
2. Clear labels let people use these buttons easily.
3. Clear labels make these buttons easy to use.

请用本课中完整的定义表达补全句子：Biodiversity is ____ the variety of life on Earth.

以下哪一项正确解释了 a class of molecules called carbohydrates？

1. 一堂关于某个碳水化合物分子的课
2. 给碳水化合物打电话的分子
3. 一类名称为碳水化合物的分子

用本课中表示“许多不同种类的”的词组完成句子：The library offers ____ books for young readers.

用本课句型完成这个分类句：Email, phone calls, and video chats ____ communication.

使用 so + be 的倒装结构，表达 Lena 的父母也准备好了：Lena is ready for the trip. ____ her parents。

选择能正确表达“米饭有一种用途，也会被加入另一种菜肴”的句子。

1. Rice isn't just served as a side dish. It also adding to soups.
2. Rice isn't just served as a side dish. It's also added to soups.
3. Rice is just served as a side dish. It isn't also added to soups.

哪一句用 since 引出得出结论的原因？

1. The library has been closed since Monday.
2. Since the library is closed, we'll study at home.
3. I've studied at home since the library closed.

请用 it's important to 和动词原形 understand 完成句子：Before you agree, ____ the rules.

在句子 “The strong smell hit me as I opened the box,” 中，hit 是什么意思？

1. 那股气味立刻被我察觉到了。
2. 它用手打了我一拳。
3. 它慢慢消失了。

用 a little bit of 完成句子：I need ____ help with this question.

请用 crave 的正确形式完成句子：The smell of popcorn can make you ____ a snack.

请用 take a bite of 完成句子：At lunch, Ben decided to ____ his sandwich before adding more sauce.

在科学文章中，应该如何分析名词组合 air quality sensors？

1. 中心词是 air；quality sensors 表示空气是电子的。
2. 中心词是 sensors；air quality 说明它们监测什么。
3. 中心词是 quality；sensors 说明空气来自哪里。

用本课表示“向较高处传递信息”的准确结构完成句子：The basement sensor can ____ the receiver upstairs.

在“Near the lake, the trail forks off into two smaller paths.”中，forks off into 是什么意思？

1. 这条小径分叉后延伸为两条路。
2. 这条小径变成了一个吃饭的地方。
3. 这条小径回到了起点。

请用表示“这一组中的一个”的三个单词关系短语完成句子：The library has four study rooms, ____ has a large screen.

用 in + our + case 组成的短语完成句子，把一般情况转到这个团队的具体情况：Most teams meet on Fridays, but ____, Monday works better.

哪一项最准确地解释了 the brain's reward system？

1. 它是大脑存放实物奖品的地方。
2. 它是一个参与奖赏、动机和学习的脑内网络。
3. 它是控制味觉的一块肌肉。

用本课的目标表达补全英文句子：The workshop begins with ____ short demonstrations.

在这段讲解中，'but it helps answer a single subconscious question:' 主要起什么组织作用？

1. 它以科学细节逐一列出网络的各个部分。
2. 它把复杂机制压缩成一个引导性问题。
3. 它转述了某人大声问出的一个问题。

请用本课中表示“温暖、安心的情绪”的口语表达补全句子：Seeing the lost puppy safe at home again gave me ____.

“That yawn is your body saying, 'I need some rest'” 这句话是什么意思？

1. 身体会发出所有人都能听到的真实声音。
2. 打哈欠说明身体需要休息。
3. 说话者是在引用另一个要求休息的人。

overactivating 一个系统是什么意思？

1. 激活程度低于所需水平
2. 激活程度超过正常或合适的水平
3. 停止后再次激活

哪句话中的 kickstart 表示“为一个过程提供最初推动力”？

1. The small grant arrived after all the neighborhood projects had ended.
2. The small grant kickstarted a year of neighborhood projects.
3. The small grant listed every neighborhood project.

在这组与成瘾有关的表达中，increased tolerance to sugar 是什么意思？

1. 变得更能接受吃糖的人
2. 完全失去品尝甜味的能力
3. 需要摄入更多糖才能感受到相似的效果

请用准确的转场语 Let's get back to 补全句子：After that quick update, ____ our main question.

在对话中，And guess what? 通常表示什么？

1. 说话人在宣布对话已经结束。
2. 说话人想让听者计算出一个精确答案。
3. 说话人即将揭晓值得注意或令人意外的信息。

用强调助动词完成这个对比：These sensors aren't cameras, but they ____ detect movement.

哪句话清楚地使用 tell someone that X or that Y 列出了两条完整信息？

1. The app tells you that the door is open or that the battery low.
2. The app tells that you the door is open or that the battery is low.
3. The app tells you that the door is open or that the battery is low.

用目标短语 deal with 补全句子：The manager called a meeting to ____ the customer complaint.

currency 在这句话中起什么作用？

1. 它说出了科学家使用的官方货币。
2. 它把多巴胺描述为奖赏系统中的核心媒介。
3. 它表示多巴胺是可以买到奖励的金钱。

下面哪个句子中的 or 引出的是解释，而不是选择？

1. We can meet on Tuesday or Wednesday.
2. Chlorophyll, or the green pigment that absorbs light, helps plants capture energy.
3. Would you like tea or coffee?

一个城区拥有大多数医院，而另外几个城区只有很少的医院。哪句话最准确地描述了这种情况？

1. The hospitals are not evenly distributed across the city.
2. The hospitals are evenly distributed across the city.
3. The hospitals are not yet counted across the city.

哪个短语可以自然地表示“许多细胞紧密地聚集成群”？

1. widely scattered cells
2. a single isolated cell
3. dense clusters of cells

例句中的 dopamine hotspots 是什么意思？

1. 多巴胺信号集中或特别活跃的脑区
2. 温度比其他地方更高的脑区
3. 由多巴胺控制的无线网络接入点

用包含 overdrive 的固定短语完成句子：A sudden wave of orders sent the restaurant kitchen ____.

在讨论成瘾时，seek that high 是什么意思？

1. 试图再次体验那种强烈的快感。
2. 在愉快的一天后感到普通的开心。
3. 试图到达离地面更高的地方。

用本课的固定短语完成改述：The trail is inaccessible. ____, we cannot use it.

用 delay 的被动不定式完成句子：The storm caused the flight ____.

哪一句表示这种疗法有效，但速度比预期慢？

1. The treatment works, though just as quickly as expected.
2. The treatment works because it is quicker than expected.
3. The treatment works, though not as quickly as expected.

请用表示“会引发压力的”的 X-inducing 复合形容词完成句子：The team prepared for several ____ situations.

请选择用来引出具体例子的连接语：Some fruits are rich in vitamin C. __, oranges contain a lot of it.

1. In other words
2. For example
3. However

选择正确使用 which probably explains why，把前面的事实与它可能解释的情况连接起来的句子。

1. The train was delayed, which probably explain why Nina arrived late.
2. The train was delayed, which probably explains Nina why arrived late.
3. The train was delayed, which probably explains why Nina arrived late.

使用动词 try 和 get + person + to + verb 结构补全句子：We finally got Leo ____ the new dish.

请用 Speaking of 完成句子，自然转入相关话题：We were just discussing vacations. ____ travel, have you renewed your passport?

请用 Let's say 完成句子，引入一个假设情境：____ your phone battery dies while you're away from home. What would you do?

哪一句最准确地表示公告发布后需求突然大幅上升？

1. Demand spiked immediately after the announcement.
2. Demand rose gradually over the next year.
3. Demand remained steady after the announcement.

用英文词块 five days 和 in a row 完成句子，表示下雨中间一天都没有停过：It rained for ____.

用表示“程度逐渐降低”的重复比较级表达补全句子：As the weeks passed, the medicine helped ____.

用表示“在变化后变得稳定”的双词短语动词补全句子：After rising for several hours, the temperature will eventually ____.

补全用于限定话题的短语：____ online safety, strong passwords matter.

用意为“随时间发展形成了格外留意某事的倾向”的表达补全句子：Some nocturnal animals ____ faint sounds at night.

用 go bad 的现在完成时补全句子：This milk smells sour, so it has ____.

用 much 和 easy 的比较级补全成对比较结构：The ____ you practice, the ____ the song becomes.

请用 keep + 宾语 + up 完成句子，表达“维持精力水平”：A healthy snack can help ____ during the hike.

请用 need to + be able to 完成这项工作要求：Lifeguards ____ swim well.

你想表示安全比价格重要，但不想说安全是所有问题中最重要的一项。哪句话最合适？

1. The bike is affordable. For example, it is safe.
2. The bike is affordable. More importantly, it is safe.
3. The bike is affordable. Most importantly, it is safe.

使用 need to + want to + keep + practice 的 -ing 形式完成句子：To improve at the piano, we ____ every day.

在 The dopamine levels off 中，levels off 的语法作用和含义是什么？

1. 它是一个动词短语，表示多巴胺反应完全消失。
2. 它属于名词短语 dopamine levels，其中 levels 是复数名词。
3. 它是一个动词短语，表示多巴胺反应变得平稳。

演讲者回答完一个临时插入的问题后，想回到预算讨论。哪句转场最自然？

1. Now the budget has been approved.
2. Now back to the budget.
3. Now let's move on to a new topic.

用 in place of 完成句子：We used a video call ____ an in-person meeting.

选择表示“每一次”的短语：I only read ten pages ____, so the book takes several days.

1. at a time
2. many times
3. at the time

用能避免重复 price 的单数替代结构完成句子：The price of this bike is similar to ____ the red bike.

用 continue to feel 完成句子：Even after a year, volunteering will ____ rewarding.

哪一项用 In this way 回指前面的方法并引出其结果？

1. The app repeats difficult words. Either way, it helps users remember them.
2. The app repeats difficult words. By the way, it helps users remember them.
3. The app repeats difficult words. In this way, it helps users remember them.

判断这一解读是否准确：“Sugar behaves a little bit like a drug” 表示糖和药物在所有方面都完全相同。

1. 准确
2. 不准确

使用完整目标短语，谨慎地表示 Maya 非常迷这款游戏：Maya ____ the new puzzle game.

哪句话是在请某人回想一段已经发生的经历？

1. Think of a plan for tomorrow.
2. Think about which school you might choose next year.
3. Think back to your first day at this school.

用本讲解中的时间表达和 press 的一般现在时被动形式完成句子：____ the button ____, the light turns on.

用本讲解中表示“启动一连串相互关联的后果”的表达完成句子：One small coding error can ____ throughout the system.

哪句话自然地使用 spark 来表示“使某事开始发生”？

1. The discovery sparked widespread interest in the project.
2. The discovery reduced widespread interest in the project.
3. The discovery described widespread interest in the project.

用一个同时表示“数量过多”和“频率过高”的精简短语完成警告：Ice cream now and then is fine, but having ____ can become a problem.

用 go into overdrive 的过去式完成句子：When orders suddenly doubled, the small kitchen ____.

哪项解释最符合高亮表达谨慎而正式的含义？

1. 这句话表示，任何量的糖都一定会让每个人成瘾。
2. 这句话表示，大脑会制造糖来产生一种成瘾性影响。
3. 这句话表示，过量摄入糖可能会产生与成瘾有关的影响。

哪句话最恰当地用这个表达给出平衡、低风险的宽慰？

1. Having a small dessert once in a while won't hurt.
2. Having a small dessert at every meal won't hurt.
3. Having one peanut cookie once in a while won't hurt, even if you have a severe peanut allergy.