如果你永远不再刷牙会怎样？：英语精读讲义

From twigs to electrical toothbrushes, 表達脈絡

从树枝到电动牙刷，

humans have been cleaning our teeth 語法

人类一直都在清洁牙齿，

since the ancient Egyptians in 5000 BCE.

早在公元前5000年的古埃及时期便已如此。

But what if you just straight up stopped brushing your teeth at all 講解

但如果你就这么彻底不刷牙了，

for the rest of your life? 短語搭配

而且余生都不再刷，会怎么样？

Within minutes of stopping, 語法

停止刷牙后短短几分钟内，

the food debris and moist environment from your saliva

食物残渣和唾液形成的湿润环境

creates an ideal environment for bacteria to survive. 短語搭配

就会成为细菌生存的理想温床。

Streptococci is one of the most common bacteria found in our mouth 語法

链球菌是我们口腔中最常见的细菌之一，

and it's normally not harmful 語法

通常并不会造成危害，

until it metabolizes sugar or protein from food debris.

直到它开始代谢食物残渣中的糖或蛋白质。

But after a full day,

但才过了一整天，

these bacteria would have already produced significant amounts of plaque from sugars. 講解

这些细菌就已利用糖分产生大量牙菌斑。

Plaque is the slimy layer of biofilm

牙菌斑是一层黏滑的生物膜，

that you can feel on your teeth

你可以在牙齿上感觉到它，

when you accidentally forget to brush sometimes. 語法

尤其是偶尔不小心忘记刷牙时。

And this plaque actually helps the bacteria adhere to your teeth, 短語搭配

而牙菌斑实际上会帮助细菌附着在牙齿上，

which allows them to produce even more plaque 語法

让它们产生更多牙菌斑，

creating a cycle of bacteria and plaque build-up. 用詞

形成细菌和牙菌斑不断堆积的循环。

After a week,

一周后，

all this build-up will cause some pretty serious bad breath. 用詞

这些堆积物会让你出现相当严重的口臭。

Not to mention that the plaque begins to harden and form tartar 表達脈絡

更别提牙菌斑还会开始变硬，形成牙结石，

that leads to your teeth appearing yellow. 語法

让你的牙齿看起来发黄。

At this point, 表達脈絡

到了这时，

you're also causing significant damage to tooth enamel 短語搭配

你的牙釉质也会受到严重损伤，

as the bacteria break down sugar to produce lactic acid. 短語動詞

因为细菌会分解糖并产生乳酸。

Enamel is the hard mineralized outer layer of the tooth

牙釉质是牙齿外层坚硬的矿化组织，

and once it breaks down, 語法

一旦遭到破坏，

you can't make any more.

身体就无法再生成新的牙釉质。

After a month,

一个月后，

your decaying teeth will form cavities.

腐坏的牙齿会出现龋洞。

These holes in your teeth get deeper and deeper 語法

牙齿上的这些洞会变得越来越深，

if left untreated, 語法

如果一直不治疗，

leading to gingivitis,

就会引发牙龈炎，

an early form of gum disease.

也就是牙龈疾病的早期形式。

This is because the immune system

这是因为免疫系统

attacks your gums and teeth

会攻击你的牙龈和牙齿，

in response to the bacteria build-up. 短語搭配

以应对不断堆积的细菌。

Your cavities will fill up with pus, 短語動詞

你的龋洞里会充满脓液，

which is a protein-rich fluid filled with dead white blood cells 用詞

那是一种富含蛋白质并含有大量死亡白细胞的液体，

and your gums will be extremely sensitive at this point, 用詞

而此时，你的牙龈会变得极其敏感，

turning red when you touch it

一碰就会发红，

and bleeding with any significant pressure.

受到一定压力就会出血。

After an entire year of neglect,

疏于护理整整一年后，

you now have periodontitis.

你就患上了牙周炎。

The inner layer of the gum and bone are broken down by enzymes 語法

牙龈内层和骨组织会被酶分解，

and pull away from the teeth to form pockets, 短語動詞

并与牙齿分离，形成牙周袋，

which only further allow collected food debris and bacteria to gather.

让食物残渣和细菌更容易在里面聚集。

This causes the immune system to go into overdrive 習語

这会导致免疫系统过度活跃，

and destroys your gums and ligaments,

进而破坏牙龈和牙周韧带，

resulting in advanced periodontitis, 短語搭配

最终发展成晚期牙周炎，

where your teeth become loose and begin to fall out. 短語動詞

这时牙齿会松动，并开始脱落。

Any longer and the issues can spread beyond your mouth 語法

再拖下去，问题就会蔓延到口腔之外，

and into your blood,

进入血液，

causing inflammation throughout your organs

导致全身各器官发炎，

and increasing the likelihood of erectile dysfunction, 短語搭配

并增加勃起功能障碍、

head and neck cancer,

头颈癌、

chronic heart disease,

慢性心脏病，

and even dementia development.

甚至痴呆症的患病风险。

Combine your lack of brushing with a poor diet high in processed foods 講解

不刷牙，再加上富含加工食品的不良饮食，

and especially sugar,

尤其是摄入大量糖分，

which is much more common now than early Homo sapiens would have experienced, 語法

而这样的饮食如今远比早期智人时期常见，

and you have a much more accelerated breeding ground for bacteria, 習語

就等于为细菌打造了一个加速繁殖的温床，

putting your whole body's health at risk. 短語搭配

让你的全身健康都面临风险。

Brush your teeth, kids.

孩子们，记得刷牙。

Thank you guys for watching.

感谢大家观看。

If you have any burning questions, 習語

如果你们有什么“火热”的问题，

flaming questions,

甚至“烈焰熊熊”的问题，

that you want us to answer,

想让我们解答，

leave it in the comments below

就在下方评论区留言，

and we'll try to tackle it this year. 用詞

我们会争取在今年解答。

Seriously,

说真的，

let us know what you want to see.

告诉我们你们想看什么。

We'll make it.

我们会把它做出来。

All right.

好了。

Make sure you're following us on Instagram and Twitter

记得在 Instagram 和 Twitter 上关注我们，

and make sure you're subscribed to this channel

也别忘了订阅这个频道，

for new science videos every Thursday.

每周四都会推出新的科学视频。

Okay?

好吗？

We'll see you next week.

我们下周见。

See you.

回头见。

Bye.

拜拜。