关于进化的迷思与误区 - Alex Gendler：英语精读讲义

哪个标题最明确地告诉读者，文章将纠正常见的睡眠错误观念？

1. Stories and adventures about sleep
2. Myths and misconceptions about sleep
3. Questions and schedules about sleep

哪句话能自然地引出一个听者可能熟悉的说法，同时不认定听者一定知道？

1. Listen that plants need sunlight.
2. You certainly know that plants need sunlight.
3. You've probably heard that plants need sunlight.

选择正确使用 consider + 宾语 + 形容词 结构的句子。

1. Most reviewers consider that the design practical.
2. Most reviewers consider the design practical.
3. Most reviewers consider about the design practical.

说话人知道道路现在已经封闭。请选择最合适的句子。

1. Even if the road is closed, the bus is still running.
2. Because the road is closed, the bus is still running.
3. Even though the road is closed, the bus is still running.

用 even if 表示下雨只是一种可能，而且计划不会改变：We'll play outside ____ it rains tomorrow.

用目标短语表达一个可能性很大的推测：____ we'll need more time.

一位同学的解释有错误。哪句话能温和地纠正对方，同时不表示解释的每一部分都错了？

1. Everything in your explanation is completely wrong.
2. Your explanation is entirely right.
3. Your explanation isn't entirely right.

填入 adapt 后必需的介词：Young trees must adapt ____ colder winters.

后来的证据表明某项主张并不可靠，专家也不再接受它。哪句话最准确地表达了这一结果？

1. Experts now call it a controversial claim.
2. Experts now call it a discredited claim.
3. Experts say the claim has received criticism.

填入表示“灯先灭、演出后开始”的时间词：The lights went out moments ____ the show began.

哪一句正确使用 proposed that 来正式提出一个观点？

1. The researchers proposed that the river had changed course.
2. The researchers proposed about the river changing course.
3. The researchers proposed the river to have changed course.

哪一句正确使用 by + 动词-ing 来表示方法？

1. She improved her drawing by practiced for ten minutes each day.
2. She improved her drawing by practicing for ten minutes each day.
3. She improved her drawing by to practice for ten minutes each day.

用 pass ... on 完成句子：After you read the note, please ____ it ____ to Maya.

用 spend one's life doing 的过去式完成句子：Ms. Lee ____ children to read.

哪句话表示在假设情境中，小狗出生时就会有浓密的毛？

1. The puppies would be born to thick fur.
2. The puppies would be born with thick fur.
3. The puppies would born with thick fur.

哪句话正确使用了这个句型，表示付款系统的实际运作方式并非如此？

1. That's not how the payment system works.
2. That's not what the payment system works.
3. That's not how does the payment system work.

用本课中由两个英文单词组成的短语完成句子，以加强否定：The new rule didn't help ____.

用 freeze 的正确不定式形式完成句子：The cold weather caused the lake ____.

请用本课中表示“更高可能性”的四词结构完成句子：Wearing a helmet gives cyclists ____ avoid serious injury.

请用本课中的四词转场表达完成句子：We've reviewed the budget, ____ the timeline.

在进化课上，the fittest 最准确地指什么？

1. 最适应当前环境并且更可能繁殖的个体
2. 在任何情况下寿命都最长的个体
3. 在任何情况下身体都最强壮的个体

用 make it sound like 的正确形式补全句子：The poster ____ the concert is free, but tickets actually cost ten dollars.

这里的“which is not really the case”起什么作用？

1. 它温和地说明前面的看法与实际情况不符。
2. 它引出一个新的法律案件。
3. 它确认前面的看法完全正确。

选择能自然引出第一个理由的连接语：____, the room is too small. Secondly, it has no windows.

1. In other words
2. For one thing
3. By the way

在生物学中，evolutionary fitness 主要描述什么？

1. 在特定环境中繁殖出能存活后代的相对成功程度
2. 任何生物所能达到的最高寿命
3. 生物的身体有多强壮、运动能力有多好

用目标短语 just a matter of 补全英语句子：Choosing the final color is ____ personal taste.

请用由 suited 组成、表示“与……很匹配”的两个词补全句子：These boots are well ____ wet weather.

哪句话表示整个物种已经不复存在？

1. That island bird species died out in the 1800s.
2. Several island birds flew away for the winter.
3. One island bird died yesterday.

补全表示“处于较不利位置”的固定表达：Without reliable internet, the team would ____.

在这段话中，Reproduction is. 补全后的意思是什么？

1. Reproduction is how evolution occurs.
2. Reproduction exists, but nothing more is implied.
3. Reproduction is the same thing as survival.

用 ill-suited for 完成句子：The tiny boat is ____ crossing the ocean.

用 so ... that 结构中的两个连接词完成句子：The lake was ____ cold ____ it froze overnight.

在论证中，at least we can say that 通常有什么作用？

1. 保证接下来的说法不会受到质疑。
2. 把范围更小的主张当作目前最稳妥的结论提出。
3. 给出计算中的最低数值。

用 check 的 -ing 形式补全句子：He left without ____ the answer.

哪一种解释最符合“The trait is evolutionarily useless”？

1. 它在任何情境、任何意义上都毫无价值。
2. 从进化角度判断，它没有作用。
3. 它通过进化发生了非常快速的变化。

说话人先说“It's evolutionarily useless, right?”，随后立刻说“Wrong.”。这里的 right? 主要起什么作用？

1. 邀请听者认同第一个说法，以便说话人随后将它推翻。
2. 询问听者应该往哪个方向走。
3. 表示听者已经提出了反对意见。

使用 not at ..., but at ... 这一结构完成平行纠正：The issue is ____ the user level, ____ the server level.

哪句话自然地表示同一条规则既适用于员工，也适用于管理者？

1. The same rule that applies to employees will also apply to managers.
2. The rule that applies to employees does not apply to managers.
3. One rule applies to employees, and a similar rule applies to managers.

用 laugh 的正确形式完成句子：The funny story made the children ____.

用 widespread 的比较级形式和 than 完成句子：The new study method became ____ the old one.

哪一句最准确地改写了 is solely concerned with self-preservation 的含义？

1. 它为其他生物能否存活感到焦虑。
2. 它只专注于让自己继续存在。
3. 它努力保护所有生物。

请用 pass 的正确形式完成句子：A clear handover plan lets the team ____ responsibility on to new staff.

用表示“完成原本预期工作”的目标表达完成句子：This simple cover will ____ until we buy a stronger one.

说话人使用 purpose 后又补充“Except evolutionary purpose.”。这个片段起什么作用？

1. 它开始列举一组无关的科学话题。
2. 它快速补充了一个限制，改变了对 purpose 的理解。
3. 它表示进化有意识地规划了一个目标。

哪句话正确使用了 one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词？

1. Staying calm is one of most useful skills in an emergency.
2. Staying calm is one of the most useful skills in an emergency.
3. Staying calm is one of the most useful skill in an emergency.

when we say things like 在这句话中起什么作用？

1. 它用于引出人们所使用的表达例子。
2. 它指彼此相似的实物。
3. 它询问人们是从什么时候开始说话的。

在这段科学解释中，这句话是什么意思？

1. 每种基因被复制的机会都相同。
2. 留下更多副本的基因变体往往会变得更常见。
3. 基因会有意识地计划繁殖。

说话人说 we're actually using metaphors，主要是在做什么？

1. 标明前面的措辞不能按字面理解
2. 声称科学解释就是诗歌
3. 引入一项使用实体模型的新实验

老师想表达没有隐藏过程，整个机制不过是冰吸收热量后融化。哪个句子最合适？

1. All that happens is that the ice absorbs heat and melts.
2. The reason the ice melts is that it absorbs heat.
3. What happens is that the ice absorbs heat and melts.

哪个关系从句能准确展开 the organisms carrying them？

1. the organisms that carry them
2. the organisms that are carried by them
3. the organisms that used to carry them

选择表示“停电导致了数据丢失”的句子。

1. The power cut resulted from the data loss.
2. The power cut resulted in the data loss.
3. The data loss resulted in the power cut.

哪种情况适合自然地使用 and so forth？

1. 用来避免说出火车的确切时间。
2. 说话人列出地图、车票和时刻表后，省略其他同类的旅行用品。
3. 用来表示某人在身体上向前移动。

使用 nor 和现在时 be 动词延续否定意思：The review found no reliable pattern. ____ any evidence of a fixed plan.

哪一句正确地把 progress 用作动词，表示朝某个目标前进？

1. The project is progressing completion.
2. The project is progressing from completion.
3. The project is progressing towards completion.

用引出不定式动作执行者的词完成句子：It is important ____ children to get enough sleep.

阅读这句话：Our hiring process has a blind spot around accessibility. blind spot 是什么意思？

1. 故意隐藏所有信息的决定。
2. 流程中一个未被察觉的弱点。
3. 流程上的一块深色实体斑点。

在这个解剖语境中，高亮短语是什么意思？

1. 视神经在那个位置从视网膜穿出。
2. 视网膜变成了视神经。
3. 视神经关闭了一个计算机程序。

用例句中那个由两个英文单词组成、表示起点的表达完成句子：The guide explains the process, ____ a simple example.

哪句话自然地使用了 In retrospect？

1. In retrospect, nobody knows what will happen in the distant future.
2. In retrospect, I should have backed up the file before installing the update.
3. In retrospect, the concert will take place for the first time next month.

徒步者没有在天黑前折返。请用 would + have + be 的过去分词完成句子：It ____ safer for them to turn back earlier.

哪句话表示说话人为徒步选择了更完整的零食，而不只是糖果？

1. I packed fruit and nuts along with candy for the hike.
2. I packed fruit and nuts rather than just candy for the hike.
3. I packed fruit and nuts before the hike, then bought candy.

选择能正确把一个时间段和其中发生的事件连接起来的短语：The report covers a decade _____ the town doubled in size。

1. which during
2. during that
3. during which

哪句话最自然地表示“暴风雨过后，一种必需资源供应不足”？

1. Clean drinking water was rare after the storm.
2. Clean drinking water was scarce after the storm.
3. Clean drinking water was unusual after the storm.

在这个语境中，there was nothing to anticipate 是什么意思？

1. 未来没有任何值得高兴期待的事情。
2. 后来的变化当时已经很明显。
3. 没有任何迹象或依据可以让人预见后来的变化。

用目标过去将来表达完成句子：In 2010, no one guessed that the small app ____ become a global service.

这里哪句话最准确地解释 evolution proceeds blindly？

1. 进化总是朝着预先设定的目标前进。
2. 进化在无法预见或规划最终结果的情况下继续进行。
3. 进化确实无法看到周围的环境。

说话者为什么把 step by step 延长为 step by step by step？

1. 它表示说话者在纠正前面说错的词。
2. 它拉长节奏，强调过程在逐步累积。
3. 它表示一共恰好走了三步。

用 create 的 -ing 形式补充结果：The community garden brought neighbors together, ____ a stronger sense of belonging.