这会催眠你吗？：英语精读讲义

For centuries, hypnotism has been explored as a therapeutic or entertaining tool, 語法

几个世纪以来，人们一直将催眠术作为治疗或娱乐手段进行探索，

but it has a reputation of being fake and shrouded in mysticism. 習語

但它却一直被认为是骗人的，还笼罩着神秘色彩。

So, what does science say? 表達脈絡

那么，科学怎么说？

Is hypnosis a real thing?

催眠真的存在吗？

Take a second to close your eyes and imagine a lemon. 短語搭配

花点时间闭上眼睛，想象一个柠檬。

Imagine the smells of that lemon,

想象一下那个柠檬的气味，

its color, its shape.

它的颜色和形状。

Picture the texture and feel of the lemon on your skin.

想象柠檬表面的质感，以及它接触皮肤时的感觉。

Now, take a knife and slowly cut into it,

现在，拿起一把刀，慢慢切开它，

releasing all the juices. 語法

让汁水全都流出来。

Take the slice you just cut and squeeze the lemon into your mouth. 語法

拿起刚切下的那一片，把柠檬汁挤进嘴里。

Now, open your eyes.

现在，睁开眼睛。

Is your mouth watering at all? 短語搭配

你有没有流口水？

You see, despite being presented in the media as a form of mind control, 講解

你看，尽管媒体把催眠描绘成一种精神控制手段，

scientific researchers describe hypnotism differently.

科学研究人员对催眠术却有不同的描述。

Hypnotism is a state of consciousness involving highly focused attention, 講解

催眠术是一种意识状态，表现为注意力高度集中，

minimizing competing thoughts,

尽量减少相互干扰的思绪，

and allowing an enhanced ability to respond to suggestions. 用詞

并增强对暗示作出反应的能力。

Hypnosis from a scientific perspective, then, 短語搭配

因此，从科学角度来看，催眠

is similar to the kind of focus your brain feels when reading a book

类似于你阅读一本书时，大脑进入的那种专注状态

or watching a television show

或观看电视节目时的专注状态，

where the rest of the world seems to slip away. 短語動詞

那时，外面的整个世界仿佛都渐渐消失了。

And research has shown that it's actually capable of shutting down our automatic responses, 講解

研究已经表明，它实际上能关闭我们的自动反应，

like reading words right in front of us.

比如阅读眼前的文字。

In this test, try to say the name of the color,

在这个测试中，试着说出颜色的名称，

not what's written on the screen.

而不是屏幕上写的词。

So, in this case, you'd say blue as fast as possible. 語法

所以在这个例子中，你应该尽快说出“蓝色”。

Try it on your own. 短語搭配

你自己试试看。

It's kind of tricky, right? 語氣意圖

挺棘手的，对吧？

This is known as the Stroop effect. 文化背景

这就是所谓的斯特鲁普效应。

It's difficult because our automatic process of wanting to read the word

之所以很难，是因为我们总会下意识地想读出那个词，

trips us up in our ability to name the color quickly. 短語動詞

这会妨碍我们迅速说出颜色。

However, if the words were in another language like Dutch,

不过，如果这些词是用荷兰语等其他语言写的，

then you would have no problem naming the colors 短語搭配

那你说出这些颜色就完全没有问题，

as the words don't have meaning to you, 表達脈絡

因为那些词对你来说没有意义，

unless you speak Dutch. 語法

除非你懂荷兰语。

In one study, hypnotized participants were given the Stroop test 語法

在一项研究中，受催眠的参与者接受了斯特鲁普测试，

after being told that they would see words as gibberish and meaningless. 語法

此前他们被告知，看到的词会像乱码一样毫无意义。

As a result, the Stroop effect was temporarily eliminated, 表達脈絡

结果，斯特鲁普效应暂时消失了，

and the participants could name the color without error or delay. 短語搭配

参与者说出颜色时既不会出错，也不会迟疑。

When this test was run in an fMRI,

当这项测试在功能性磁共振成像仪中进行时，

participants showed lower activation in the anterior cingulate cortex,

参与者前扣带皮层的激活程度较低，

an area in the brain involved in resolving conflict and competing demands, 語法

这是大脑中负责解决冲突和协调相互竞争需求的区域，

as well as a reduction in the visual cortex, which is crucial for recognizing words. 短語搭配

同时，负责识别文字的关键区域——视觉皮层的活动也有所下降。

The Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility shows that hypnotizability follows a normal bell curve distribution. 用詞

哈佛团体催眠易感性量表显示，人们的催眠易感性呈钟形的正态分布。

Very few people experience no sensation during hypnotism.

极少数人在催眠过程中完全没有感觉。

Many people respond to ideomotor ideosensory direct suggestions,

许多人会对观念运动和观念感觉类的直接暗示作出反应，

such as lifting your arm involuntarily,

比如手臂会不由自主地抬起，

and a small group of people respond to cognitive suggestions,

还有一小部分人会对认知暗示作出反应，

which impact memory and perception,

这种暗示会影响记忆和感知，

and can create hallucinations and selective amnesia.

并可能造成幻觉和选择性失忆。

It can even be used to modulate pain. 講解

它甚至可以用于调节疼痛。

In one study, while hypnotized, 語法

在一项研究中，参与者处于催眠状态时，

participants were given a painful heat stimulus on their right hand

研究人员对他们的右手施加了会引起疼痛的热刺激，

and rated their level of pain. 短語搭配

并让他们评估自己的疼痛程度。

They were told that they would be given the same heat stimulus 語法

他们被告知，接下来会受到同样的热刺激，

when it was actually a non-painful temperature,

但实际上施加的温度并不会引起疼痛，

and they rated their level of pain the same.

他们给出的疼痛评分却和之前一样。

In fact, their brain showed the same level of activation in the anterior cingulate cortex.

事实上，他们大脑前扣带皮层的激活程度也和之前相同。

Scientists have also scanned the brains of people faking leg paralysis as if hypnotized 語法

科学家还扫描过一些人的大脑，当时这些人假装自己因催眠而腿部瘫痪，

and then done it again later when they were actually hypnotized

随后又在他们真正被催眠时再次进行了扫描，

and saw increased brain activation in the right orbitofrontal cortex,

结果发现，他们右侧眶额皮层的脑活动增强，

right cerebellum, left thalamus, and putamen.

右侧小脑、左侧丘脑和壳核的活动也有所增强。

Meanwhile, when faking it,

相比之下，当他们只是在假装时，

they showed no such changes, 語法

并没有出现这些变化，

which suggests hypnosis has a different neural basis than those imitating it. 講解

这表明真正的催眠与假装催眠具有不同的神经基础。

So, while many hypnotists or subjects could seemingly fake hypnosis, 講解

所以，虽然很多催眠师或受试者似乎都能伪造出催眠效果，

and I'm sure it happens, 語氣意圖

而且我相信这种事确实会发生，

under a brain scan, it becomes clear who's lying and who is actually hypnotized. 語法

但在脑部扫描下，谁在说谎、谁真的被催眠了便一目了然。

If you want to see us get hypnotized by a professional

如果你想看看专业催眠师如何催眠我们，

for the first time ever in our lives,

这可是我们人生中的第一次，

check out our video on AsapTHOUGHT where we do exactly that. 短語動詞

那就去看看我们在 AsapTHOUGHT 上的视频吧，我们真的这么做了。

It was an interesting experience.

那是一次很有意思的体验。

Click on the screen or use the link in the description

点击屏幕，或使用简介中的链接，

to see that video and subscribe for more weekly science videos.

观看那段视频，并订阅我们的频道，每周获取更多科学视频。