英国SAS特种空勤团 vs 美国海豹突击队 - 军事训练对比：英语精读讲义

The British Army Special Air Force, aka SAS, began operations in 1941 during the Second World 用詞

英国陆军特种空勤团，即SAS，于1941年第二

War. The reason for having such a specialized set of soldiers was to get behind enemy lines and attack them from within, 短語搭配

次世界大战期间开始执行任务。拥有这样一支特种士兵队伍的原因是为了深入敌后，从内部进行攻击，

or at least destroy what they could while gaining intelligence.

或者至少在获取情报的同时尽可能破坏敌方设施。

It still takes part in operations that involve the United Kingdom, 短語搭配

它至今仍参与涉及联合王国的军事行动，

but as it's very much a covert Special Forces unit, 用詞

但由于它是一支高度隐秘的特种部队，

much of what the SAS does is a secret.

SAS的许多行动都是保密的。

The Navy SEALs Sea, Air, and Land Team was formed much later

海豹突击队（海、空、陆战队）的成立时间要晚得多，

when President John F. Kennedy established them in 1962

是在1962年由约翰·F·肯尼迪总统建立的，

as a clandestine unit which, like the SAS,

作为一支与SAS类似的秘密部队，

would take on special missions much of the time in very hostile environments.

大部分时间都在极其恶劣的环境中执行特殊任务。

They also act under a veil of secrecy 習語

他们同样在保密状态下行动，

and are sometimes referred to as America's secret warriors.

有时被称为美国的秘密勇士。

If both these units are so secretive,

既然这两支部队都如此神秘，

then how does one get a job with them?

那么人们怎样才能加入他们呢？

Well, with the SAS,

那么，以SAS为例，

there is a small problem to begin with 表達脈絡

首先就会遇到一个小问题，

if you are a mere civilian. 用詞

如果你只是一个普通平民。

They won't allow you to apply. 語法

他们根本不会允许你申请。

So to start with,

所以首先，

you must already be in the British Armed Forces

你必须已经在英国武装部队服役，

or be a soldier in the British Commonwealth.

或者是英联邦国家的军人。

Another way to get in is to join the SAS Reserves, 短語動詞

另一种进入的方式是加入SAS预备役，

and they do accept civilians,

他们确实接受平民，

as long as you've passed the reserve training 語法

只要你通过了预备役训练，

and worked with them at least 18 months,

并且与他们一起工作至少18个月，

you can apply to work in the SAS proper. 用詞

你就可以申请成为SAS的正式成员。

To apply for the SAS,

要申请SAS，

you should be between 18 and 32 years of age

你的年龄应在18到32岁之间，

and be in amazing physical and mental shape. 短語搭配

并且在身体和心理上都处于极佳状态。

You'll be required to do at least a three year stretch. 用詞

你将被要求至少服役三年。

Women can apply,

女性可以申请，

but have so far been excluded from most combat movements.

但到目前为止，她们被排除在大多数战斗行动之外。

To apply,

要申请，

you must accept that you know the harsh demands expected of you. 短語搭配

你必须接受并清楚他们对你的严苛要求。

People have died during training,

在训练中曾有人丧生，

and that means signing an Army General Administrative Instruction Form.

这意味着你需要签署一份陆军通用行政指令表。

You're basically acknowledging you are willing to go through hell. 習語

你基本上是在承认你愿意去经历地狱般的折磨。

Next comes the medical, 語法

接下来是体检，

the battle fitness test,

以及战斗体能测试，

which will mean running fully kitted or squatted for 1 and 1/2 mi in 15 minutes.

这意味着需要全副武装或编队在15分钟内跑完1.5英里。

Apparently, 10% of applicants don't even make it past this point. 短語搭配

显然，有10%的申请者甚至无法通过这一关。

That pace for even an average person in running shoes and shorts isn't too bad. 語氣意圖

即便对一个穿跑鞋和短裤的普通人来说，这个速度也相当具有挑战性。

Now you start your real training.

现在你开始了真正的训练。

To join the Navy SEALs,

要加入海豹突击队，

you need to be a natural born or naturalized American between the ages of 18 and 28, 用詞

你需要是年龄在18到28岁之间的天生或入籍的美国人，

although at 17 you can join if your parents say it's okay.

尽管17岁时只要父母同意也可以加入。

If you want to become an officer,

如果你想成为军官，

you can be up to the age of 33.

你的年龄可以放宽到33岁。

The first woman ever started training in 2017,

第一位女性在2017年开始参加训练，

but dropped out soon after. 短語動詞

但很快就退出了。

You'll need to have a clean record 短語搭配

你需要拥有无犯罪记录，

and any background checks will be done.

并且将会进行所有的背景调查。

You'll then undergo physical and mental tests, 短語搭配

然后你将接受身体和心理测试，

including an eye test to make sure you have under 20/20 vision.

包括一项确保你的视力不低于20/20的眼科检查。

As for what shape you must be in, 表達脈絡

至于你需要具备什么样的体能状态，

well,

那么，

you are going to go through hell with the SEALs,

你将在海豹突击队经历地狱般的磨练，

so they suggest you follow their Navy Special Warfare Physical Training Guide.

所以他们建议你遵循《海军特种作战体能训练指南》。

This includes lots of long and short swims and runs,

这包括大量长距离和短距离的游泳与跑步，

lots of interval training,

大量的间歇训练，

as well as other workouts.

以及其他锻炼项目。

As for other strength training,

至于其他力量训练，

their gym workouts basically tell you you'll have to be as strong as a bull, 習語

他们的健身房锻炼基本上告诉你，你必须强壮得像头牛，

as well as have all the cardio attributes.

并且具备极佳的心肺能力。

You'll be screened before you can start training, 用詞

在开始训练之前你会被筛选，

and that will mean you must show that you can run 1 and 1/2 mi in 11 minutes,

这意味着你必须证明你能在11分钟内跑完1.5英里，

but not squatted.

但无需编队。

This also comes after a 500-yd swim in 12 and 1/2 minutes,

这也是在12分半钟内游完500码，

42 push-ups,

完成42个俯卧撑，

50 sit-ups,

50个仰卧起坐，

and six pull-ups,

和6个引体向上之后进行的，

all with a short rest in between.

所有这些项目之间只有很短的休息时间。

Once you actually start training with the SAS,

一旦你真正开始SAS的训练，

the first phase lasts 4 weeks.

第一阶段将持续4周。

This will test your endurance and ability to navigate through the wilderness,

这将测试你的耐力和在荒野中导航的能力，

that being a harsh mountain range in Wales. 語法

地点是在威尔士的一片环境恶劣的山脉。

In 2015,

在2015年，

a young recruit died during this exercise

一名年轻的新兵在这次演习中丧生，

just 1/2 km from the end.

距离终点仅有0.5公里。

He died at the part nicknamed VW Valley,

他死在了一个绰号叫VW谷的地方，

standing for Voluntary Withdrawal Valley. 短語動詞

代表自愿退出谷（Voluntary Withdrawal Valley）。

Two other soldiers died that day too,

那天还有两名士兵死亡，

leading to an inquest into the treatment of soldiers. 講解

导致了一场关于士兵待遇的死因调查。

Some of the activities in the mountains included a 15-mi hike to start with.

在山里的一些活动包括最初的15英里徒步。

Those that can get through that,

能挺过这一关的人，

then have to do a 40-mi hike carrying

接着必须完成40英里的徒步，期间要背负

a 55-lb backpack,

一个55磅重的背包、

a rifle, plus their food and water.

一把步枪，以及他们的食物和水。

They are not allowed to use any established trails, 語法

他们不被允许使用任何现成的道路，

but they do have a map and a compass.

但他们有一张地图和一个指南针。

After that,

在那之后，

they can rest a bit and start the weapons training phase,

他们可以稍微休息一下，并开始武器训练阶段，

as well as do parachute training.

同时进行降落伞训练。

After that,

之后，

there is 6 weeks of jungle training,

会有6周的丛林训练，

usually in the rain forests of Belize,

通常在伯利兹、

Borneo, or Brunei.

婆罗洲或文莱的热带雨林中进行。

The last phase is called Escape and Evasion,

最后一个阶段称为逃脱与躲避，

which will mean being forced into some horrible survival scenarios,

这意味着将被迫进入一些可怕的生存情境，

as well as learning how to handle being interrogated. 語法

以及学习如何应对审讯。

This will include humiliations and other psychological harassment,

这将包括屈辱和其他心理折磨，

as well as being blindfolded,

还包括被蒙住双眼，

deprived of sleep, 短語搭配

被剥夺睡眠，

given nothing to eat or drink,

不给任何食物或水，

being put in stress positions, 用詞

被迫保持压力姿势，

imprisoned in a small cage,

被关在小笼子里，

and having to listen to loud noises all the time.

并且一直得听巨大的噪音。

SAS tough guy turned novelist said physical injuries finish a lot of people off during training, 短語動詞

一位变成小说家的SAS硬汉说，身体受伤在训练中淘汰了很多人，

but you need a lot of strength of will to get through the psychological stuff. 短語搭配

但你需要极强的意志力才能熬过心理上的考验。

In 2016,

在2016年，

the Washington Times reported that one Navy SEAL died in three out of the last four training classes. 語法

《华盛顿时报》报道说，在过去四个训练班中，有三个班各有一名海豹突击队员死亡。

One was a drowning,

一人是溺水，

another a suicide,

另一人是自杀，

and another a car crash after drinking heavily.

还有一人是在严重酗酒后遭遇车祸。

The post states that the 6-month training will include a 7-day stretch of little sleep,

文章指出，这为期6个月的训练将包括连续7天几乎不睡觉，

self-induced hypothermia,

自我诱发体温过低，

and brutal physical conditioning known as Hell Week.

以及被称为“地狱周”的残酷体能训练。

It's Hell Week where most recruits drop out.

大多数新兵就是在地狱周期间放弃的。

The training in Colorado starts with 5 weeks of pre-training in class.

在科罗拉多州的训练从5周的课堂预备训练开始。

Get through that and you enter the realm of pain and indignity. 講解

熬过那个，你就会进入充满痛苦与屈辱的领域。

The Navy SEALs website doesn't go into specifics, 短語動詞

海豹突击队的网站没有提供具体细节，

but states that you'll be tested to your limits of fatigue.

但说明你将被推向疲劳的极限。

This will include running through sand,

这将包括在沙滩上跑步，

swimming in oceans,

在海里游泳，

sometimes in the middle of the night with your clothes on, 語法

有时是在半夜穿着衣服游，

rappelling down cliffs or buildings at speed,

快速从悬崖或建筑物上沿绳滑下，

enduring cold and heat,

忍受严寒与酷暑，

getting lost and finding ways out,

在迷失中寻找出路，

combat training,

战斗训练，

long-distance underwater dives,

长距离潜水，

weapons and explosives training,

武器与爆炸物训练，

mission planning,

任务规划，

tactics training,

战术训练，

and more.

等等。

Hell Week seems to be the worst part.

地狱周似乎是最糟糕的部分。

One soldier described it as being designed to put you through 24/7 days of no rest and continual harassment. 短語動詞

一名士兵将其描述为旨在让你经历24/7不眠不休的无休止折磨。

From his class of 300, 表達脈絡

在他所在的300人班级中，

only 19 completed the training.

只有19人完成了训练。

In all,

总共，

it will last 5 and 1/2 days and you'll almost continuously be pushed to your limits. 短語搭配

它将持续5天半，你几乎一直被逼到极限。

You are allowed no more than about 4 hour sleep during the entire training.

在整个训练期间，你被允许的睡眠时间不超过大约4小时。

You'll also have to deal with integration and what's called the Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape Phase.

你还必须应对审讯以及所谓的生存、躲避、抵抗和逃脱阶段。

Former SEAL Brandon Webb said it will involve sacks over your head,

前海豹突击队成员布兰登·韦伯说，这包括头上套着麻袋，

being beaten with sticks,

被棍棒殴打，

and humiliation.

以及受辱。

It's here,

他说，

he said,

就是在这里，

that some people lose their minds. 習語

有些人精神崩溃了。

At least after that,

至少在这之后，

you get some classroom

你会有一些课堂

time. For 7 weeks,

时间。在接下来的7周里，

you'll also have a land warfare phase,

你还将有一个陆战阶段，

as well as parachute training.

以及降落伞训练。

If you pass it all,

如果你通过了所有这些，

you'll be given the Navy SEAL Trident, 文化背景

你将被授予海豹突击队三叉戟徽章，

but then have to do advanced training.

但随后还要进行高级训练。

This will include sniper, communications,

这包括狙击手、通信、

and free-fall parachute training.

和自由落体跳伞训练。

Once you are done,

一旦你完成了，

you'll have way more weapons to use than a regular soldier. 語法

你将能使用比普通士兵多得多的武器。

In the SAS,

在SAS，

this will include a C8 carbine assault rifle,

这包括C8卡宾突击步枪，

an ultra-compact individual weapon,

一款超紧凑型个人武器，

an M16,

M16步枪，

an HK MP5 submachine gun,

HK MP5冲锋枪，

an HK 417 sniper rifle,

HK 417狙击步枪，

an AW50 anti-material rifle,

AW50反器材步枪，

handguns, tear gas, canister launchers,

手枪、催泪瓦斯、榴弹发射器、

stun grenades,

震爆弹、

rocket launchers,

火箭发射器、

portable anti-personnel mines,

便携式杀伤人员地雷、

grenade launchers,

榴弹发射器、

surface-to-air missiles,

地对空导弹，

and many more things it will take too much time to talk about.

以及许多说起来太费时间的武器。

You'll also, of course,

当然，你还将

get all the kit, 用詞

获得全套装备，

including things like body armor.

包括防弹衣等物品。

According to the Navy SEALs website,

根据海豹突击队的网站，

your regular SEAL on land will carry such things as the Colt Automatic Rifle 15,

你一般的海豹突击队员在陆地上会携带诸如柯尔特自动步枪15，

the M60 machine gun,

M60机枪，

M203 grenade launchers,

M203榴弹发射器，

a shotgun,

散弹枪，

an SASR .50 caliber sniper rifle,

SASR .50口径狙击步枪，

an M107 anti-material rifle,

M107反器材步枪，

a Beretta M9 handgun,

伯莱塔M9手枪，

a 20-mm Gatling gun,

20毫米加特林机枪，

and AT4 rockets.

和AT4火箭筒等。

Again,

再说一次，

these are just some of the most used weapons as the list is endless.

这只是最常用武器的一部分，因为这个清单是无穷无尽的。

So,

所以，

who do you think has the best training? 語法

你觉得谁的训练更强？

Do you think you could get through it?

你觉得你能熬过去吗？

Let us know in the comments.

在评论区告诉我们吧。

Also,

同时，

be sure to check out our other video called the Top 10 Most Powerful Militaries.

一定要看看我们另一部叫做《十大最强大军队》的视频。

Thanks for watching,

感谢观看，

and as always,

和往常一样，

don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

别忘了点赞、分享和订阅。

See you next time.

我们下次再见。