联邦调查局（FBI）是如何在暗网上抓捕你的：英语精读讲义

You finally picked up the courage to visit the dark web 短語搭配

你终于鼓起勇气访问暗网

and you took every necessary precaution to stay invisible to the authorities. 短語搭配

并采取了一切必要的防范措施，以免被当局发现。

At first, you were only going to look around and not actually purchase anything, 講解

起初，你只打算随便看看，并不真想买任何东西，

but after a few of your buddies came around to your house,

但几个朋友来到你家后，

you all decided you'd buy a big bag of illegal pills.

你们决定一起买一大包非法药丸。

Not only that,

不仅如此，

after a few drinks,

几杯酒下肚后，

you watched a video you shouldn't have watched.

你还看了一段不该看的视频。

You weren't concerned.

你一点也不担心。

You used a VPN.

你用了 VPN。

Your IP address couldn't be seen by prying eyes, 習語

你的 IP 地址不会被窥探者看到，

and then boom, 表達脈絡

可接着，砰的一声，

one day the cops burst through your door. 短語動詞

某天警察破门而入。

How on Earth did that happen? 習語

这究竟是怎么回事？

How did they find you?

他们是怎么找到你的？

That's what we'll discuss today.

这就是我们今天要讨论的内容。

Number five, hacking.

第五种：黑客入侵。

First of all,

首先，

you should know that a lot of people use the dark web for good reasons.

你要知道，很多人使用暗网是出于正当理由。

Maybe they are journalists or political dissidents in countries with strict regimes. 用詞

他们也许是记者，或是高压政权国家里的政治异见人士。

So some human rights advocates are happy

因此，一些人权倡导者很庆幸

that the authorities can't find people in the dark web.

当局无法在暗网上找到这些人。

That's why it was controversial

也正因如此，下面这起事件引发了争议：

when a cybercriminal named Eric Eoin Marques

一名叫 Eric Eoin Marques 的网络罪犯

was arrested in 2013

于 2013 年被捕，

and later got a prison sentence of 30 years.

后来被判处 30 年监禁。

This guy was certainly in the wrong 習語

这个人当然干了坏事，

and was hosting websites within the dark

他在暗网上托管着一些网站，

that were selling drugs,

这些网站贩卖毒品、

hacking techniques, and money laundering operations. 用詞

黑客技术，还从事洗钱活动。

He was huge,

他的规模非常庞大，

and it's not his cloud computing company Freedom Hosting

而他的云计算公司 Freedom Hosting

was hosting almost half of the sketchy websites within the dark web.

托管了暗网上近一半的可疑网站。

The FBI got him.

FBI 抓住了他。

They found his server in France

他们在法国找到了他的服务器，

and subsequently tracked him down to Ireland. 短語動詞

随后一路追踪到爱尔兰并将他抓获。

This shouldn't have happened, of course.

当然，这本不该发生。

The Tor network this guy used was supposed to be impenetrable. 講解

他使用的 Tor 网络号称坚不可摧。

But then one day users started seeing something weird.

但有一天，用户开始发现怪事。

A new code running in websites hosted by Freedom Hosting.

Freedom Hosting 托管的网站上运行起了一段新代码。

Suddenly all the websites went down. 短語動詞

突然间，所有网站都瘫痪了。

That weird code exploited a Firefox vulnerability,

那段奇怪的代码利用了 Firefox 的一个漏洞，

and so not only did the websites go down, 語法

结果不仅网站全部瘫痪，

but people using those websites were unmasked. 習語

使用这些网站的人也暴露了身份。

Well, they were until they could update their software.

不过，这种情况只持续到他们更新软件为止。

Tens of thousands of IP addresses were exposed

数以万计的 IP 地址被曝光，

and some of those people that were exposed were arrested.

其中一些身份暴露的人还遭到了逮捕。

That could have been you,

那个人也可能是你，

and you might have been seen buying bags of Colombia's finest powder. 習語

你或许会被发现正在购买一袋袋哥伦比亚的“顶级白粉”。

But private email systems were also run on Freedom Hosting,

但 Freedom Hosting 上也运行着私人电子邮件系统，

so journalists or freedom fighters may have also been exposed.

所以记者或自由斗士可能也暴露了身份。

So that's one way you could be found out using the dark web. 短語動詞

这就是你使用暗网时可能被查出的方式之一。

The government might get its crack team of hackers together 短語搭配

政府可能会召集一支顶尖黑客团队，

and create a code that exploits a vulnerability in some software. 短語搭配

编写一段代码，利用某款软件中的漏洞。

It might not mean they've come knocking at your door, 習語

这不一定意味着他们会立即上门找你，

but your name will certainly be saved in the FBI's database.

但你的名字肯定会被存进 FBI 的数据库。

You've been flagged. 用詞

你已经被标记了。

Thousands of people around the world have been arrested this way.

世界各地已有数千人以这种方式被捕。

In the US,

在美国，

the FBI won't say how it hacks its way into the dark web, 語法

FBI 不会透露自己是如何黑进暗网的，

while in other countries governments also keep their surveillance under wraps. 習語

其他国家的政府同样对监控手段秘而不宣。

In the UK,

在英国，

the government gives its intelligence agencies something called bulk powers, 文化背景

政府会授予情报机构一种所谓的“批量权力”，

which allows them to spy on people.

让它们可以监视民众。

The thing is,

问题是，

the agencies don't have to submit any information to the court as to exactly how they got you. 短語搭配

这些机构无需向法院提交任何资料，说明究竟是如何锁定你的。

That remains a secret.

这会一直是个秘密。

If you're worried about being hacked by the government, though,

不过，如果你担心遭到政府黑客入侵，

wait until you hear how they can get you without hacking you at all. 表達脈絡

那就等着听听他们如何完全不用黑客手段也能抓到你。

Number four,

第四种：

cops go undercover.

警察卧底。

Sometimes the government doesn't really have to get technical.

有时，政府其实根本不需要动用什么高科技。

The authorities can use techniques that they use on the streets.

执法部门可以使用街头办案时的那些手段。

Cops can go undercover. 短語搭配

警察可以做卧底。

Let's say you're on the dark web 表達脈絡

假设你正在浏览暗网，

and you find a place where you can get the illegal substance MDMA.

找到一个能买到非法物质 MDMA 的地方。

All the reviews are positive regarding the seller,

对这名卖家的评价全都是好评，

so you think, okay,

于是你想，好吧，

I'll take 500 pills

那我就买 500 粒，

because you're in college and you want to pay your tuition fees off. 短語動詞

因为你还在上大学，想靠这个赚出学费。

Well,

然而，

you might just be buying your pills

你买的这些药丸

from a cop who's been undercover posing as Rick the raver, 短語搭配

可能恰恰来自一名假扮成狂欢客 Rick 的卧底警察，

the merchant of Molly. 用詞

也就是那个“摇头丸商人”。

Time and again, 短語搭配

警察一次又一次地

cops have done this with drugs, guns, poisons, and images of children.

用这种方式调查毒品、枪支、毒物和儿童影像案件。

You see,

要知道，

you buy the stuff and you remain anonymous.

你买了东西，身份依然可以保持匿名。

But you still have to get your contraband delivered, 語法

但违禁品总得送到你手里，

and that's when the cops can grab you.

警察就会在这个时候抓住你。

There are ethical concerns, though.

不过，这也涉及一些伦理问题。

The cops can't oversell their stuff.

警察不能过度推销手中的东西。

They can't say,

他们不能说：

hey, take these 500 pills,

“嘿，这 500 粒你拿着，

but I've got some great cocaine, too.

我这里还有些很棒的可卡因。

Do you want that?

你要不要？”

That's called entrapment. 文化背景

这叫“诱捕执法”。

They can't say,

他们也不能说：

take a thousand pills and I'll throw in a gun. 短語動詞

“买一千粒，我再白送你一把枪。”

That's just not ethical.

这种做法就是不合乎伦理。

Then you've got these images of kids that float around the dark web.

此外，暗网上还流传着一些儿童影像。

There's been a lot of controversy regarding the FBI putting out their own images

围绕 FBI 自行发布这类影像的做法，一直争议不断，

and setting up what's called a honeypot. 文化背景

他们还设置了所谓的“蜜罐”。

The problem is,

问题在于，

once those images are out,

一旦这些影像流出去，

they can be copied and spread all over the web.

就可能被复制并传遍整个网络。

But you can avoid in-person delivery

但你可以避开当面交货，

and avoid an undercover agent, right?

也就能避开卧底探员，对吧？

Well,

然而，

if you think other means of scoring your gear are safe, 用詞

如果你觉得用其他方式收货就很安全，

stay tuned. 表達脈絡

请继续看下去。

Number three,

第三种：

the postal service.

邮政系统。

You don't have to be set up to have the cops knocking at your door. 短語動詞

就算没人给你设局，警察也可能找上门。

A huge amount of contraband is seized before it even gets to the buyer.

大量违禁品甚至还没送到买家手里就被查获了。

The post office can intercept a package,

邮局可以截下一件包裹，

find a few ounces of cocaine,

发现里面装着几盎司可卡因，

and then they can get in touch with the police.

然后联系警方。

The police can then start an investigation,

警方随后可以展开调查，

and while the buyer might not get arrested because the package never arrived,

虽然买家可能因为包裹没有送达而不会被捕，

the cops in the past have watched post office videos

但警方过去曾查看邮局的监控录像，

and have been able to arrest the sender of the package or packages.

并借此逮捕寄出一个或多个包裹的人。

In other cases,

在另一些案件中，

they weren't able to find the seller,

警方找不到卖家，

so police allowed the post office to deliver the package

于是让邮局继续把包裹送出去，

in what they call a controlled delivery. 文化背景

这就是所谓的“控制下交付”。

As soon as you pick it up,

你一取走包裹，

they swoop in on you. 短語動詞

他们就会一拥而上将你抓住。

It's unlikely police will ever get involved if someone is buying, 語法

如果某人买的东西很少，警方大概不会介入，

say, one single pill of something,

比如只买一粒某种药丸，

but if the package is big enough,

但如果包裹够大，

there's always a risk.

就始终存在风险。

Sometimes,

有时候，

though,

不过，

you could get busted 用詞

你可能会被抓，

and it's not even your fault.

而且根本不是你的错。

Number two,

第二种：

a dealer's data.

毒贩的数据。

One outstanding case of someone being caught selling drugs on the dark web 用詞

有一宗极为典型的暗网贩毒落网案，

was a kid in Germany who was arrested by police in 2015.

主角是德国一名于 2015 年被警方逮捕的年轻人。

This 20-year-old guy who still lived with his mom

这个 20 岁、还和母亲住在一起的小伙子，

was found with a whopping 320 kg of drugs in his bedroom. 用詞

被发现卧室里竟藏着多达 320 公斤毒品。

Yeah,

没错，

you heard that right. 語氣意圖

你没听错。

He pretty much ran a drug empire from his bedroom 用詞

他几乎是在自己的卧室里经营着一个毒品帝国，

and sold drugs from the dark web to people in Germany

通过暗网向德国各地的人出售毒品，

and in other countries all over the world.

客户还遍布世界其他国家。

He would usually use a P.O. box, 講解

他通常会使用邮政信箱，

not a house or an apartment number,

而不是住宅或公寓门牌号，

and the person who picked the package

并且前去取包裹的人

was never the person's name on the package.

从来都不会使用包裹上写的姓名。

If the person was ever caught picking up the drugs,

如果取毒品的人被抓到，

he or she would say,

他或她就会说：

hey, that's not my name.

“嘿，那不是我的名字。”

The thing is, 表達脈絡

问题是，

the kid still needed to pick up the drugs.

这个年轻人自己仍然得去取毒品。

320 kilos is quite a bit of powder and pills, 短語搭配

320 公斤的粉末和药丸可不是小数目，

and it was when he was picking up one of his packages that the cops got him. 語法

他正是在领取其中一个包裹时被警察抓住的。

But guess what? 表達脈絡

但你猜怎么着？

When the cops looked on this kid's hard drive,

警察检查这个年轻人的硬盘时，

they found all the names and emails of all the people he'd been selling to. 語法

找到了所有买家的姓名和电子邮件地址。

That included guys just buying for personal use,

其中包括仅供自己使用的买家，

which was not much use to the cops,

这些信息对警方没多大用处，

but it also included bulk buyers

但也包括大量进货的批发买家，

who were selling on the streets of Germany and beyond.

他们会在德国乃至其他地方的街头贩卖毒品。

Someone on the dark web managed to get this kid's profile and leave a message.

暗网上有人设法接管了这个年轻人的个人页面，并留下一条消息。

That message read,

消息写道：

"Dealers, run for your lives." 習語

“毒贩们，快逃命吧。”

That's the thing with the dark web. 表達脈絡

暗网的问题就在这里。

If someone else gets caught,

如果其他人被抓，

your information might be on their computer.

你的资料可能就存在对方的电脑里。

That kid became a millionaire very fast,

那个年轻人很快就成了百万富翁，

but now he's in prison and will be for possibly another decade.

但他如今身陷囹圄，而且可能还要再坐十年牢。

The problem is,

问题是，

no sooner than the kid was behind bars, 習語

他才刚被关进监狱，

someone else had taken over his dark web domain. 短語動詞

就已经有人接管了他的暗网域名。

Sometimes,

有时候，

though,

不过，

you can get busted without even visiting the dark web. 語法

你甚至没访问暗网也可能被抓。

Number one,

第一种：

advertising.

打广告。

The last way people are caught

人们被抓的最后一种方式，

is when they advertise their dark web marketplace

就是为自己的暗网市场打广告，

on the very visible normal web that we all use.

而且广告就发在我们人人都能看到的普通互联网上。

Yeah,

没错，

they use the normal web to direct people to the dark web.

他们利用普通互联网把人引向暗网。

It's just a little silly,

这实在有点蠢，

but Ross Ulbricht,

但 Ross Ulbricht，

the guy that ran the notorious Silk Road marketplace, 文化背景

这个运营臭名昭著的“丝绸之路”市场的人，

did just that. 表達脈絡

恰恰就这么做了。

He ran ads on a Bitcoin web forum for the Silk Road,

他在一个比特币网络论坛上为“丝绸之路”投放广告，

and those ads could be traced back to him. 短語動詞

而这些广告可以一路追查到他本人。

For such a smart guy, 語法

对这么聪明的人来说，

he definitely missed several big brain moments. 習語

他显然也有过好几次脑子没转过弯的时候。

Now,

接下来，

you need to watch this show,

你该看看这期节目：

why you should never visit the dark web,

《为什么你绝不该访问暗网》，

or watch this show,

或者看看这期：

can you really order a mystery box from the dark web?

《你真的能从暗网订购神秘盒子吗？》