中国为何被国际空间站拒之门外：英语精读讲义

In November 1998,

1998年11月，

the first module of the International Space Station was launched into orbit.

国际空间站的首个模块被发射进入轨道。

Over the last two decades, 語法

在过去的二十年里，

it's been home to hundreds of astronauts from 19 different countries.

它成为了来自19个不同国家的数百名宇航员的家。

This enormous collaboration between different nations

这种不同国家间的巨大合作

shows just how much can be achieved when the world comes together. 講解

展现了当世界携手并进时，我们能取得多大的成就。

However,

然而，

not every nation is allowed to take part in the ISS program. 短語搭配

并非每个国家都被允许参与国际空间站（ISS）项目。

China has never taken part in the program

中国从未参与过该项目，

and since 2011,

而且自2011年起，

they were officially banned from doing so. 語法

他们被正式禁止参与其中。

In this video,

在本期视频中，

we're going to look at the history of unlikely space collaborations. 表達脈絡

我们将回顾那些不可思议的太空合作的历史。

We're also going to look at why the US lost trust in China's space program

我们还将探讨为什么美国对中国的太空计划失去信任，

and China's future plans to make their own space station.

以及中国未来建造自己空间站的计划。

In the midst of the Cold War, 短語搭配

在冷战中期，

space was the ultimate frontier between the United States and the Soviet Union. 習語

太空是美国和苏联之间的终极边疆。

After political tensions fueled the advancements in rocket technology,

在政治紧张局势推动火箭技术进步之后，

the space race eventually came to a conclusion 短語搭配

太空竞赛最终画上了句号，

when Apollo 11 successfully landed on the moon.

那就是阿波罗11号成功登陆月球。

As the political landscape of the Cold War began to ease,

随着冷战的政治格局开始缓和，

a milestone was reached in 1975 短語搭配

1975年达成了一个里程碑，

when the US and Soviets worked together on the Apollo-Soyuz project, 文化背景

当时美苏合作开展了“阿波罗-联盟号”项目，

a mission which involved both nations docking their capsules together in space.

这一任务涉及两国的太空舱在太空中对接。

The mission began in Baikonur,

任务从拜科努尔开始，

where two cosmonauts launched on the Soyuz 19 capsule. 文化背景

两名宇航员乘坐联盟19号太空舱升空。

A few hours later,

几个小时后，

the Apollo capsule lifted off from US soil, 短語動詞

阿波罗太空舱从美国本土发射升空，

launching three astronauts into space

将三名宇航员送入太空，

where it docked with the Soyuz capsule. 用詞

并在那里与联盟号太空舱对接。

Three hours after docking,

对接三个小时后，

the first international handshake in space

第一次太空中的国际握手

took place through the hatch of the Soyuz capsule.

穿过联盟号太空舱的舱门完成了。

This extraordinary moment signified a strong shift in the space race

这一非凡时刻标志着太空竞赛发生了重大转变，

and ushered in a new era of international collaboration. 短語動詞

并迎来了国际合作的新时代。

Fast forward 23 years 表達脈絡

时间快进23年，

and the largest space collaboration was about to begin, 語法

最大规模的太空合作即将拉开帷幕，

the International Space Station.

也就是国际空间站。

Spearheaded by NASA, 習語

在美国宇航局（NASA）的牵头下，

the space station involved 15 nations

这个空间站有15个国家

and five different space agencies.

和5个不同的航天局参与。

Besides the technical challenges of developing and launching an entire space station,

除了开发和发射整个空间站面临的技术挑战外，

getting all of these countries to work together 語法

让所有这些国家协同合作

required an extreme amount of trust.

还需要极大的信任。

At first,

起初，

NASA were concerned that Russia would use the opportunity

NASA担心俄罗斯会利用这个机会，

to transfer advanced technology for their own military use.

转移先进技术供其自身军事使用。

But after the Columbia disaster grounded the space shuttle,

但在哥伦比亚号航天飞机失事导致航天飞机停飞后，

NASA had no choice but to rely on Russia 語法

NASA别无选择，只能依赖俄罗斯

to transport astronauts to and from the space station. 短語搭配

来运送往返空间站的宇航员。

Despite the worldwide collaboration required to build the ISS,

尽管建造国际空间站需要全球合作，

China was one of the largest countries not invited to join the International Space Station.

中国却是未被邀请加入国际空间站的最大国家之一。

At the time,

当时，

the Chinese Space Administration was only 5 years old

中国国家航天局才成立5年，

and the rest of the nations felt that China was simply not ready

其他国家认为中国根本还没有准备好

to make a meaningful contribution to the project. 短語搭配

为该项目做出实质性贡献。

So,

因此，

China plowed forward with their own space program 習語

中国推进了自己的太空计划，

and in 2003

并在2003年

became the only nation other than the US and Russia 語法

成为除美国和俄罗斯之外唯一一个

to launch a human into space.

将人类送入太空的国家。

As progress continued on the ISS,

随着国际空间站的持续进展，

China stated their desire to join the ISS as a new member. 短語搭配

中国表达了作为新成员加入国际空间站的愿望。

However,

然而，

legislation introduced by US Congress in 2011

2011年美国国会提出的立法

eliminated the possibility of China joining the ISS. 短語搭配

抹杀了中国加入国际空间站的可能性。

In this legislation,

在这项立法中，

a provision known as the Wolf amendment was passed 文化背景

通过了一项被称为“沃尔夫条款”的规定，

to forbid NASA and US companies 語法

禁止NASA和美国公司

from sharing technological advancements with the Chinese government.

与中国政府分享先进的技术。

Although this may seem like a harsh decision, 表達脈絡

尽管这看起来像是一个严苛的决定，

America's distrust in China was not completely unfounded.

但美国对中国的不信任也并非完全没有根据。

In 2007,

2007年，

China deployed an anti-satellite weapon

中国部署了一件反卫星武器

to destroy one of its own weather satellites.

摧毁了其自身的一颗气象卫星。

This received worldwide criticism 短語搭配

这招致了全世界的批评，

for the dangerous amounts of space debris it caused. 用詞

因为它造成了危险数量的太空碎片。

A decade later,

十年后，

two Chinese nationals were charged by the US Department of Justice

两名中国公民被美国司法部起诉，

for allegedly hacking information from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 用詞

罪名是涉嫌从NASA的喷气推进实验室窃取信息。

Despite being banned from the ISS, 語法

尽管被禁止进入国际空间站，

China continues to rapidly advance their space program.

中国依然在快速推进其太空计划。

In 2019,

2019年，

China became the first nation ever 語法

中国成为有史以来第一个

to successfully land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 文化背景

成功让航天器在月球背面着陆的国家。

In 2011,

2011年，

they launched a space station known as Tiangong-1,

他们发射了名为“天宫一号”的空间站，

which was soon followed in 2016 by Tiangong-2. 語法

紧接着在2016年发射了“天宫二号”。

The final form of the Chinese space station

中国空间站的最终形态

will be 1/5 of the size of the ISS 語法

将是国际空间站规模的五分之一，

and is expected to be completed by 2023. 語法

预计将于2023年完工。

While the United States remains against the idea of a Chinese collaboration,

尽管美国依然反对与中国合作的想法，

other space agencies are not so keen to avoid partnership. 語氣意圖

但其他航天机构并不那么想回避这种伙伴关系。

The European Space Agency have been clear

欧洲航天局已明确表示

about their willingness to let China into the ISS

他们愿意让中国进入国际空间站，

and countries such as Italy

像意大利这样的国家

have even agreed to collaborate with China 短語搭配

甚至已同意与中国

on future manned space flight missions.

在未来的载人航天任务上进行合作。

Whether they were rightfully excluded from the ISS or not, 語法

无论他们被排除在国际空间站之外是否正当，

China has been successful in developing their own space program. 短語搭配

中国在发展自身太空计划方面已经取得了成功。

Over the next few decades,

在未来的几十年里，

they are poised to become an even bigger player within the space community. 講解

他们有望在太空领域扮演更重要的角色。

But at the end of the day, 習語

但说到底，

space exploration should bring nations together. 短語動詞

太空探索应该让各国团结在一起。

Our greatest achievements in space come

我们在太空中的最伟大成就

when large teams of people work

是当庞大的团队

together to achieve a shared goal.

共同努力实现一个共同目标时取得的。

Thank you very much for watching

非常感谢您的观看，

and I'll see you in the next video.

我们下期视频再见。