飞机到底是如何飞行的？ - 雷蒙德·阿德金斯：英语精读讲义

哪句话把 2020 年作为截止点，并表示博物馆的目录到那时已经完成？

1. By 2020, the museum had completed its catalog.
2. In 2020, the museum completed its catalog.
3. Until 2020, the museum worked on its catalog.

用 leave 的过去完成时完成句子：When Maya reached the station, the train ____.

一篇文章说：“In 2020, the company reported record profits.” 哪个后续句子既回指同一年，又引出转折？

1. For example, the company sold more products.
2. But that year, it also closed three factories.
3. The following year, it opened a new office.

使用 be based on 的正确现在时形式完成句子：The report ____ interviews with 50 residents.

某个解释涵盖了要求的每一点，但有几项事实是错的。哪句话最准确地指出了问题？

1. The explanation is inaccurate.
2. The explanation is accurate but incomplete.
3. The explanation is insufficient.

请用 still 和 circulate 的正确形式完成句子：Old rumors ____ online today.

哪个问题最直接地询问“我们的推理从哪一步开始出错”？

1. Where did the hikers take a wrong turn?
2. What went wrong during the meeting?
3. Where did our reasoning go wrong?

哪个句子先承认人们通常没有意识到某事，再正确地提出主要观点？

1. Because we do not usually notice it, background noise can affect concentration.
2. Though we do not usually notice it, but background noise can affect concentration.
3. Though we do not usually notice it, background noise can affect concentration.

用本课中表示“从这个角度看”的准确表达完成句子：____: a calendar is a map of your time.

在这个科学表述中，fluid 是什么意思：Air is a fluid medium.

1. 它描述能流动的物质，包括气体。
2. 它只指液体。
3. 它描述能保持自身形状的固体。

用 less、dense 和 than 这三个词完成比较：Cork is ____ glass.

哪句话使用了“名词 + that 定语从句 + 主句谓语”的结构来限定一类事物并说明其性质？

1. Heat-resistant materials are useful in kitchens.
2. Materials that resist heat are useful in kitchens.
3. Materials are useful because they resist heat.

哪句话用 while 对比两类事物，而不是表示两个事件同时发生？

1. Please wait while I check your ticket.
2. Some birds migrate, while others stay year-round.
3. She listened to music while she cleaned her room.

哪句话使用了 lift 的空气动力学含义，并说明了它的作用？

1. Maya gave me a lift to the station.
2. Lift is the upward force that helps an aircraft stay aloft.
3. We took the lift to the tenth floor.

使用 generate 的一般现在时被动语态，并包含 mostly：At this school, electricity ____ rooftop solar panels.

哪句话清楚点出了一种作者可以先提出、再进行反驳的观点？

1. Earth follows an orbit around the Sun.
2. Seasons affect weather in many different ways.
3. One common misconception about seasons is that they are caused only by Earth's distance from the Sun.

哪句话对 pervasive 的使用最自然？

1. Misinformation is pervasive across several online communities.
2. This singer is pervasive because many people like her.
3. I bought a pervasive notebook at the store.

在这句话中，longer path or equal transit time explanation 指什么？

1. 一种测量飞机完成一次旅程需要多长时间的方法。
2. 一种有缺陷的理论，声称机翼上方和下方的空气必须同时到达机翼后缘。
3. 一条公认的规则，认为每个机翼都有两条长度完全相同的路径。

请用 state that 的单数主语形式完成句子：The notice ____ the pool closes at 7 p.m.

哪句话用 -ing 短语修饰前面的名词，同时保留了单独的主要谓语？

1. Carrying heavy backpacks can be tiring for students.
2. Students are carrying heavy backpacks after class.
3. Students carrying heavy backpacks may use the elevator.

本句中高亮的比较结构是什么意思？

1. 上方的空气分子覆盖的表面积比下方的更大。
2. 下方的空气分子停止运动，而上方的继续运动。
3. 上方的空气分子比下方的空气分子行进得更远。

请用 split off from 的正确形式完成句子：During the hike, Maya ____ the main group to take a shorter trail.

使用 For X to happen, Y must happen 这一结构完成新句子：____ the plants ____ healthy, they must get enough light.

使用 create 的 -ing 形式表示结果：The new road reduced travel time, ____ easier access to the village.

在本句中，a pocket of lower pressure 是什么意思？

1. 一种测量压力的工具。
2. 一个压力低于周围环境的小范围局部区域。
3. 一个装有空气的衣服口袋。

哪项最准确地解释了 The explanation has been thoroughly debunked？

1. 有些人只是不同意这种解释。
2. 证据已经表明这种解释是错误的。
3. 这种解释还没有经过检验。

用表示“分开后重新会合”的短语完成句子：We can split up to visit different rooms and ____ at the front desk at noon.

哪一个续句使用 In reality 来纠正前面给出的印象？

1. The device looks simple. In reality, it contains hundreds of tiny parts.
2. The device looks simple. Meanwhile, the store is closing.
3. The device looks simple. For example, it has a blue case.

请用 much 和 fast 的比较级完成句子：The express bus reached the station ____ than the local bus.

请用 get、sense 和 of 完成目的短语：To ____ how the recycling machine sorts plastic, let's watch it in slow motion.

例句中的 let's 主要起什么作用？

1. 它引导观众进入下一段演示。
2. 它命令每位观众建造并移动一个真实的机翼。
3. 它询问说话者是否可以离开。

在“As Leo walks along the beach, he takes photos of the birds,”中，As 表示什么？

1. 走路是迫使他拍照的原因。
2. 他走路和拍照发生在同一段时间内。
3. 这句话把 Leo 比作一只鸟。

在这段过程说明中，开头的 As 从句起什么作用？

1. 它表示空气和机翼在进行社交会面。
2. 它只说明原因，完全不涉及过程发生的时间。
3. 它说明空气何时接触机翼表面，并引出接下来的变化。

哪个句子中的 stick to 与例句一样表示物理附着？

1. Leo stuck to his practice schedule.
2. A thin film of oil stuck to the glass.
3. Please stick to the safety rules.

用一个由两个单词组成的短语补全句子，表示箱子跟着单数的传送带一起移动：The moving belt pulled the boxes ____.

用 split into 的正确形式补全句子：At the fork, the trail ____ two paths.

哪句话中的 follow 表示“沿着某种形状移动或延伸”？

1. The road follows the contour of the hillside.
2. The reporter follows the latest news.
3. The child follows her teacher into the room.

对这个句子的哪项分析是正确的？

1. 因为句子以 As 开头，所以它没有主句。
2. 主句从“it experiences”开始。
3. 主句从“that's routed”开始。

请用 make one's way 的过去式完成句子：The hikers slowly ____ around the fallen trees.

在句子 "The ball experiences centripetal acceleration as it turns," 中，突出显示的表达是什么意思？

1. 它的加速度指向弯曲路径的中心，并改变速度的方向。
2. 它的加速度直接指向远离弯曲路径中心的方向。
3. 如果速率保持不变，它就没有加速度。

短语“the force you also feel in a sharply turning car”在这段说明中的主要作用是什么？

1. 它把抽象的科学概念和熟悉的日常感受联系起来。
2. 它具体解释了汽车转弯的技术原理。
3. 它声称汽车和机翼使用完全相同的机制。

在这句话中，therefore 向读者说明了什么？

1. 它表示速度差与另一件事同时发生。
2. 它表示速度差是前面某个原因造成的结果。
3. 它表示速度差只是在之后发生。

请用 be coupled with 的一般过去时形式完成句子：During the study, higher temperatures ____ lower rainfall.

哪一个句子正确使用了“逗号 + which”来指代前面的情况并补充其结果？

1. The road was blocked, which it caused a long delay.
2. The road was blocked, which caused a long delay.
3. The road was blocked, who caused a long delay.

两个小组同时工作。哪句话正确地把焦点转向第二组的并行任务？

1. The front team tested the engine; afterward, the rear team checked the brakes.
2. The front team tested the engine; therefore, the rear team checked the brakes.
3. The front team tested the engine; meanwhile, the rear team checked the brakes.

温室整夜保留了热量。哪个后续句既标明结果，又用 that 避免重复 temperature？

1. The temperature inside is thus higher than the temperature outside.
2. The temperature inside is meanwhile higher than that outside.
3. The temperature inside is thus higher than that outside.

请用 result 和正确的介词完成句子，使原因在前、结果在后：A blocked drain can ____ serious flooding.

哪句话正确使用了联动变化结构，表示准备得越认真，就越有信心？

1. More carefully you prepare, the more confident you become.
2. The more carefully you prepare, more confident you become.
3. The more carefully you prepare, the more confident you become.

用目标连词 once 补全句子，并注意句首大写：____ the battery is fully charged, the light will turn green.

哪句话中的 takes off 表示飞行器离开地面？

1. The pilot takes his jacket off before lunch.
2. The mechanic takes a panel off the engine.
3. The helicopter takes off from the hospital roof.

哪项描述最准确地说明了例句中 but 的作用？

1. 它只是补充了一个有关弯曲机翼的事实，并没有纠正任何内容。
2. 它表示弯曲的机翼无法产生升力。
3. 它先承认观察到的现象，再否定由此得出的因果结论。

人们常以为博物馆周一闭馆。哪句话最适合引出“其实它开放”这一纠正性事实？

1. For example, it is open from ten to four.
2. In fact, it is open from ten to four.
3. Meanwhile, it is open from ten to four.

哪种理解正确连接了高亮表达中的所有部分？

1. 平直机翼向上倾斜，而且它也能产生升力。
2. 平直机翼在产生升力后，另外做了一个向上倾斜的动作。
3. 升力向上倾斜，并产生了平直机翼。

哪句话中的 as long as 表示“只要、在此条件下”？

1. You can borrow my bike as long as you wear a helmet.
2. We waited as long as two hours.
3. The rope is as long as the hallway.

哪一句既让 contribute 和 reinforce 共用句末的名词短语，又正确保留了各自的搭配？

1. The feedback loop is contributing to and reinforcing the problem.
2. The feedback loop is contributing and reinforcing to the problem.
3. The feedback loop is contributing to and reinforcing to the problem.

例句中的 Meanwhile 起什么作用？

1. 它把这句话作为由前面要点直接证明的结论。
2. 它表示这种风险只有在前面的事件结束后才开始。
3. 它引出一种需要与前面要点同时考虑的相对风险。

用 have 的动名词形式补全句子，使开头短语作主语：____ a battery that's too hot can be dangerous.

哪个句子表示标签可能会从瓶子上脱落？

1. The label may remain attached to the bottle in hot water.
2. The label may detach from the bottle in hot water.
3. The label may move with the bottle in hot water.

下面哪个两句式例子正确使用 This is probably what happened with...，把一种可能的解释应用到具体案例？

1. The motor may have overheated. This is probably what happened with the old machine.
2. The motor may have overheated. This is probably the old machine.
3. The motor may have overheated. These are probably what happened with the old machine.

在标准美式英语中，哪句话最自然地表示这座桥有一个非正式名称？

1. The bridge was nicknamed the Silver Wave.
2. The bridge was nicknamed to the Silver Wave.
3. The bridge was nicknamed as the Silver Wave.

选择自然表达“我们通过查看笔记找到了答案”的句子：

1. By checking the notes, we found the answer.
2. By checked the notes, we found the answer.
3. Until checking the notes, we found the answer.

选择转述“从过去的时间点看，后来预计会有某个结果”的句子：

1. The coach thought the team would improve.
2. The coach thought the team improved.
3. The coach thinks the team will improve.

这个明喻主要传达飞机怎样的飞行状态？

1. 它飞得很平稳，但发出了奇怪的声音。
2. 它在空中飞得笨拙而且不稳定。
3. 它在飞行中载着一只鸭子。

哪一项最准确地解释 a simplified description of a nuanced, complex process？

1. 它一定会误导，因为任何简化都不准确。
2. 它包含构成完整模型所需的每一个细节。
3. 它更容易理解，也省略了一些细节，但不一定是错的。

哪个句子中的 sweep 表示“用力把某物从空中带向一个方向”？

1. The lamp stayed still beside the window.
2. Maya swept the kitchen floor after dinner.
3. The wind swept the smoke across the field.

暂时跳过中间的长例子后，哪个选项是这句话的主干？

1. Air vortices form at the wing's tips.
2. Air flows beyond the wing's surface.
3. Other factors all influence lift.

用目标连接语完成句子：The report examines cost ____ environmental impact.

用三个词组成的专家共识框架完成句子：____ regular sleep supports memory.

哪个句子用 while 引出让步对比，而不是表示时间关系？

1. While Maya cooked dinner, Leo set the table.
2. While both routes reach the station, one is much faster.
3. While the concert lasted, the doors remained closed.

在这个语境中，"their explanations for how can vary" 是什么意思？

1. 专家认为升力无法得到解释。
2. 专家对升力产生方式的每一个细节都意见一致。
3. 专家可能会用不同方式解释升力是如何产生的。

完成 some ... others ... 对照结构：Some club members care most about cost; ____ about quality.

对 created as the air is deflected downwards 的哪项分析正确？

1. Created 是 others 后面的主要谓语，表示这些人创造了空气。
2. Created 修饰 the upward force，as 从句说明空气被向下偏转这一伴随过程。
3. Downwards 描述 others 的移动，而 created 开始了一个新句子。

哪句话自然地承认存在争议，同时指出其中一个没有争议的方面？

1. There's no controversy about the entire design, including every detail.
2. The design is debated, so every part of it remains controversial.
3. The design is debated, but there's no controversy when it comes to safety testing.

请用目标短语完成句子：____ managing time, a simple schedule can help.

哪句话自然地使用 called 来引出书名？

1. Our class read a called book The Hidden Island.
2. Our class read a book called The Hidden Island.
3. Our class read a book calling The Hidden Island.

哪句话正确使用两个并列动词来说明软件的用途？

1. Researchers use the software to modeling ocean currents and predict their movement.
2. Researchers use the software to model ocean currents and predict their movement.
3. Researchers use the software to model ocean currents and predicts their movement.

在句子 'More than a century after the first flight, engineers still debate its design,' 中，句首短语起什么作用？

1. 它在主要陈述之前设置了一个较长的时间框架。
2. 它表示争论在一个世纪后停止了。
3. 它提供了主句的主语和谓语。

用表示“初次涉足新领域”的目标短语完成句子：Opening a small online shop was their first ____ e-commerce.

请用本课的四词目标短语完成句子：The old riddle ____ the club's hardest challenge.

在原句中，come crashing down 起到了什么作用？

1. 它是在给出流体运动的字面定义。
2. 它既让人想到猛烈坠落，也描述一切正在崩溃的感受。
3. 它是在报道一架飞机确实已经坠毁。

请用本课中把解释收束到核心概念的表达完成句子：It looks mysterious, but ____ light changing direction in water.

请用本课中的完整短语完成公开致谢：This free workshop was ____ the local library.

哪句话用 celebrate 赞颂一种抽象品质，并用 propel 的比喻义表示这种品质推动人采取行动？

1. The festival celebrates its tenth anniversary and gives athletes prizes.
2. The engine propels the boat while the crowd celebrates.
3. The program celebrates the ambition that propels young athletes to improve.

用本课表示“去看看”的两字非正式短语完成推荐：For a quick experiment, ____ this science video.

哪句话中的 book 与例句含义相同？

1. Let's book a room near the airport for Friday night.
2. I bought a book about space travel.
3. This book has ten chapters.