朝鲜领导人金正恩到底有多残忍？：英语精读讲义

At 34 years old,

现年34岁的

Kim Jong-un is one of the youngest world leaders alive today,

金正恩是当今世上最年轻的国家领导人之一，

and he's certainly by far the most infamous. 語法

他也绝对是迄今为止最臭名昭著的一位。

But what makes him so terrifying? 語法

但究竟是什么让他如此令人畏惧？

Today, we'll take a look at some of the cruelest things he's done.

今天，我们将看一看他做过的一些最残忍的事情。

In this episode of The Infographics Show,

在本期《信息图表秀》中，

how brutal is Kim Jong-un?

金正恩到底有多残暴？

In 2011,

2011年，

the world was formally introduced to Kim Jong-un,

金正恩正式在世界面前亮相，

the third dynastic ruler of North Korea since 1950.

他是自1950年以来朝鲜的第三代世袭统治者。

Kim's cruelty started almost as soon as he assumed power.

几乎在他掌权的同时，金氏的残暴便开始显现。

Faced with the specter of a possible coup 語法

面对可能发生政变的幽灵，

from within the ranks of the nation's top political and military elite,

这些政变可能来自国家最高政治和军事精英内部，

Kim Jong-un immediately began a political purge 文化背景

金正恩立即开始了一场政治大清洗，

that is rumored to have killed dozens of senior officials.

据传这场清洗杀死了数十名高级官员。

In his bid to consolidate power 短語搭配

为了巩固权力

and prevent any challenge to his authority,

并防止任何人挑战他的权威，

he even went so far as to have his own uncle executed, 語法

他甚至不惜处决了自己的姑父，

and years later,

几年后，

paranoia concerning his half-brother

对同父异母哥哥的偏执猜忌

led him to dispatch assassins to Kuala Lumpur in 2017. 語法

导致他在2017年向吉隆坡派遣了刺客。

But political purges are simply par for the course concerning Kim's cruelty. 習語

但政治清洗对金的残暴来说只是家常便饭。

His real crimes against humanity are committed on a daily basis against his own citizens. 文化背景

他真正的反人类罪行是每天都在对自己的公民犯下的。

Wait until you hear about the laws they must follow

等你听到他们必须遵守的法律，

and the penalties they incur for breaking them.

以及打破这些法律所招致的惩罚时再说吧。

The hallmark of North Korean cruelty is known as the three generations rule, 文化背景

朝鲜残酷统治的标志被称为“三代株连”制度，

established in 1972 by Kim Il-sung,

该制度由金日成于1972年确立，

Kim Jong-un's grandfather.

他是金正恩的祖父。

The three generations rule mandates that any serious crime

“三代株连”制度规定，任何严重罪行

warrants punishing not just the offender, 語法

不仅需要惩罚犯罪者本人，

but three generations of his or her family as well.

还要惩罚其家族的三代人。

This is, according to Kim Il-sung,

根据金日成的说法，这是

the only way to exterminate the seed of evil completely. 習語

彻底消灭邪恶种子的唯一方法。

What this means is that in North Korea,

这意味着在朝鲜，

if your father committed a grave crime against the state,

如果你的父亲犯下了反对国家的重罪，

you and your children would also be sent to a prison camp alongside him

你和你的孩子也将与他一起被送进劳改营，

for the rest of your life.

在里面度过余生。

The three generations rule is supposed to be only for great offenses, 語法

“三代株连”制度本应只适用于重大犯罪，

but testimony from North Korean defectors and escapees

但朝鲜脱北者和逃亡者的证词

shows that it has been enacted for offenses

表明它已被用于各种违规行为，

from political dissent to failing to remove dust 語法

从政治异见到未能拂去灰尘——

from a portrait of any of the Kim ruling family members.

这灰尘是在任何金氏统治家族成员的画像上。

Conditions inside the labor camps are purposefully cruel as well,

劳改营内的条件也故意弄得极为残酷，

with prisoners being fed barely enough to stay alive 語法

囚犯得到的食物仅够维持生命，

and forced to try to catch rats and insects to eat.

他们被迫尝试抓捕老鼠和昆虫来充饥。

Survivors have described 12-hour hard labor workdays seven days a week,

幸存者描述了每天12小时的苦役，每周七天不休，

with people becoming physically stunted and deformed from the unceasing work.

人们由于无休止的劳作而导致身体发育不良和畸形。

Beatings, torture, and rape are all commonplace in these camps,

在这些营地里，殴打、酷刑和强奸都是家常便饭，

and there exists no possibility of parole. 文化背景

而且完全没有假释的可能性。

North Korea's constitution technically guarantees freedom of the press, 表達脈絡

虽然朝鲜宪法在名义上保证了新闻自由，

but the state does not allow any foreign or non-state-sponsored media to operate.

但国家不允许任何外国或非国家赞助的媒体运营。

It is therefore technically illegal to operate any independent press,

因此，运营任何独立媒体在技术上都是非法的，

and this is a law that Kim's North Korea enforces strictly.

而这是金氏朝鲜严格执行的一项法律。

All foreign media is completely banned from the nation,

所有外国媒体在这个国家被完全禁止，

making it illegal to watch foreign TV shows or movies, 語法

使得观看外国电视节目或电影、

listen to foreign radio or music,

收听外国广播或音乐，

or even read foreign books.

甚至阅读外国书籍都成为非法行为。

While North Korea does have a state-run version of the internet 用詞

虽然朝鲜确实拥有一个国家运营版的互联网

that is open to all citizens,

对所有公民开放，

government permission is first needed to own a computer,

但拥有计算机首先需要政府的许可，

and only state-approved content is available.

而且只有国家批准的内容可用。

Occasionally, outside websites are made available,

偶尔会开放一些外部网站，

but they are heavily censored after being downloaded and hosted locally.

但它们在被下载并托管在本地后受到了严重的审查。

Violating any of North Korea's media rules is met with strict punishment 短語搭配

违反任何朝鲜的媒体法规都会遭到严厉惩罚，

with either execution or imprisonment in a forced labor camp.

要么被处决，要么在强制劳改营中监禁。

North Korea's constitution also technically guarantees freedom of religion,

朝鲜宪法在名义上也保证了宗教自由，

but Kim Jong-un's government is extremely hostile to the idea of any religion, 短語搭配

但金正恩政府对任何宗教观念都极度敌视，

and the practice of it is banned by law.

并且法律禁止任何宗教活动。

In its place is a national ideology of Juche, 講解

取而代之的是“主体思想”这一国家意识形态，

a hybrid fusion of Marxism and Korean nationalism

这是马克思主义和朝鲜民族主义的混合融合，

created by Kim Il-sung.

由金日成创造。

Juche states that man is the master of his own destiny,

主体思想宣称人是自己命运的主人，

and that the North Korean masses are to act as masters of their revolution

而且朝鲜群众要充当他们革命的主人，

and in the construction of their own socialist state.

并在建设自己的社会主义国家中发挥主人翁作用。

The Juche ideology preaches strong nationalism and self-reliance,

主体思想宣扬强烈的民族主义和自力更生，

but makes no mention of any divine creator or other spiritual entities.

但没有提及任何神圣造物主或其他精神实体。

Wary of what the Kim family believes to be corrupting Western influences, 用詞

由于对金氏家族所认为的腐化西方影响保持警惕，

all other religions are banned in North Korea,

在朝鲜，所有其他宗教都被禁止，

and anyone caught practicing any other religion faces immediate imprisonment, 語法

任何被发现进行其他宗教活动的人都面临立即入狱，

often with the dreaded three generations rule in effect.

通常还会实施可怕的“三代株连”制度。

Kim Jong-un has also continued his father and grandfather's practice

金正恩也延续了他父亲和祖父的做法，

of tightly controlling the movement of its own citizens.

严格控制其本国公民的流动。

It is illegal in North Korea to leave the country without official permission,

在朝鲜，未经官方许可离开国家是非法的，

which is almost never granted.

而这种许可几乎从未被批准过。

While thousands of defectors and refugees still attempt to flee across the border into China

尽管成千上万的脱北者和难民仍试图逃越边境进入中国，

or through the heavily mined DMZ into South Korea,

或穿过布满地雷的非军事区进入韩国，

they do so knowing that their families they leave behind 短語動詞

但他们在这样做时都知道，他们留下的家人

will likely be punished in their absence.

很可能会在他们不在场的情况下受到惩罚。

Even those that manage to successfully escape, though,

然而，即使是那些成功逃脱的人，

are still not safe,

也仍然不安全，

as North Korea has for a long time conducted international abductions

因为长期以来朝鲜一直在进行国际绑架，

and forced repatriations of escaped citizens. 文化背景

并强制遣返逃亡公民。

North Koreans in Japan, South Korea, China, and even as far as Europe

在日本、韩国、中国甚至远至欧洲的朝鲜人，

have all been the target of North Korean abduction squads

都曾成为朝鲜绑架小队的目标，

who force the individual back home under threat of violence. 短語搭配

他们在暴力威胁下强迫这些人返回国内。

Sometimes, they even drug them and smuggle them back home.

有时，他们甚至给目标下药并将其走私回国。

Once returned, you guessed it, 語氣意圖

一旦被带回，你猜对了，

they face execution or forced imprisonment,

他们面临着处决或强制监禁，

where they will likely join whatever family they left behind

在那里，他们很可能与他们留下的任何家人团聚，

in a forced labor camp.

在一个强制劳改营里。

But pregnant women who are captured and repatriated face yet another of Kim's horrors,

但是被捕并被遣返的孕妇面临着金正恩的另一种恐怖政策，

his belief in complete racial purity and Korean superiority.

那就是他对绝对种族纯洁性和朝鲜人优越性的信仰。

If a woman becomes pregnant while abroad,

如果一名妇女在国外怀孕，

the child is killed,

孩子就会被杀死，

and if she is returned home pregnant,

如果她怀孕回国，

she's forced to have an abortion.

她将被迫堕胎。

One report from an escaped North Korean

一份来自逃亡朝鲜人的报告

told of a woman in a hospital who gave birth,

讲述了一名在医院生下孩子的妇女，

only to have the baby immediately smothered to death. 語法

结果婴儿立即被捂死。

Kim Jong-un's government preaches self-reliance,

金正恩政府宣扬自力更生，

yet it is completely unable to meet the needs of its own people.

但它完全无法满足自己人民的需求。

In its place, a black market has sprung up, 講解

取而代之的是，黑市如雨后春笋般涌现，

and often it is the only place that food and medicine can be found.

且往往是唯一能找到食物和药物的地方。

Yet Kim has continued his father and grandfather's abolishment

然而，金正恩延续了他父亲和祖父的废除政策，

of a free market system,

也就是废除自由市场体系，

so any private enterprise is completely banned in the nation.

因此任何私有企业在这个国家都被完全禁止。

Those caught dealing smuggled goods

那些被抓到交易走私物品

or trying to start up their own business are imprisoned,

或试图创业的人都会被监禁，

though it is a well-known fact that corruption

尽管众所周知腐败现象

is so rampant among North Korea's police and military 語法

在朝鲜警察和军队中如此猖獗，

that most officials will look the other way 習語

以至于大多数官员都会睁一只眼闭一只眼，

in exchange for a hefty bribe. 短語搭配

以换取高额贿赂。

Theft, however, is still harshly dealt with, 短語動詞

然而，盗窃行为仍然受到严厉处理，

even things that would seem petty to you and I.

甚至是那些对你我来说微不足道的事情。

In 2016,

在2016年，

21-year-old American college student Otto Warmbier,

21岁的美国大学生奥托·瓦姆比尔，

on a sponsored tour of the nation,

在一次受到赞助的朝鲜之行中，

stole a propaganda poster off his hotel's wall and was caught.

从他酒店的墙上偷走了一张宣传海报并被抓住。

His sentence was 15 years of hard labor 用詞

他被判处15年苦役，

for trying to harm the motivation and work ethic

因为他被指控试图损害动机和职业道德——

of the Korean people.

属于朝鲜人民的。

Though he was released to the US 17 months later,

虽然他在17个月后获释返回美国，

Warmbier suffered severe brain trauma by then,

但那时瓦姆比尔已经遭受了严重的脑创伤，

likely due to severe torture and starvation,

很可能是由于严重的酷刑和饥饿造成的，

and died days later.

并在几天后去世。

In North Korea, your freedom,

在朝鲜，你的自由，

everything from what you watch, read, or even where you can work, is severely restricted,

从你看的、读的甚至工作的地方等一切，都受到严格限制，

and there exists no due process. 文化背景

并且不存在任何正当程序。

The country is ruled completely and absolutely

这个国家被完全而绝对地统治着，

through the brutality of Kim Jong-un alone,

仅凭金正恩一人的残暴，

who fears dissent so much 語法

他如此害怕异议，

that he is willing to go to extreme lengths to prevent it. 短語搭配

以至于他愿意采取极端的手段来防止它的发生。

While you may occasionally get annoyed

虽然你有时可能会感到烦恼，

by the rules and laws in your own country,

因为你自己国家的法规和法律，

at least give thanks that, safe at home,

但至少应该庆幸，在安全的家中，

you don't face the possibility of getting sent,

你不会面临被送去的可能性，

along with your entire family,

连同你的整个家庭一起，

to prison for failing to dust the portrait

去监狱，仅仅因为未能掸去灰尘

of your country's ruler.

从你国家统治者的画像上。

So, what do you think about Kim Jong-un's brutality?

那么，你如何看待金正恩的残暴？

Are there any unfair or unjust laws in your country?

你的国家有任何不公平或不公正的法律吗？

Let us know in the comments.

请在评论区告诉我们。

Also, be sure to check out our other video called

另外，一定要去看看我们另一部视频，名为

What If Hitler Had Won.

《如果希特勒赢了会怎样》。

Thanks for watching,

感谢观看，

and as always,

和往常一样，

don't forget to like,

不要忘记点赞、

share,

分享

and subscribe.

和订阅。

See you next time.

下次见。