书呆子 vs 受欢迎的孩子：成年后谁是赢家？：英语精读讲义

Like it or hate it, 表達脈絡

不管你喜不喜欢，

school has a social pecking order for most people. 習語

对大多数人来说，学校里存在着社交阶层。

From grade school to high school,

从小学到高中，

students form social groups or cliques,

学生们会形成社交圈或小团体，

and some are more popular than others.

有些人就是比其他人更受欢迎。

While many students are lost somewhere in the middle in terms of popularity, 短語搭配

虽然许多学生在受欢迎程度上处于中间位置，

the students at the top and at the bottom stand out the most. 短語動詞

但处在顶层和底层的学生往往最显眼。

There are the high status popular kids

那些地位高、受欢迎的孩子

who are often seen as the ideal everyone else strives for. 短語搭配

经常被视为其他人努力效仿的理想榜样。

And then,

然后，

there are the social misfits at the bottom who are often shunned

处于底层的是社交上不合群的人，他们常常被排挤，

lest their undesirable attributes rub off on anyone else above them. 講解

以免他们身上不讨喜的特质传染给上面的人。

Nerds are usually lumped together with the others in this bottom group. 短語動詞

书呆子通常和底层群体里的其他人混为一谈。

Outside of school,

在学校之外，

popular kids and nerds have caught the attention of Hollywood, 短語搭配

受欢迎的孩子和书呆子也引起了好莱坞的注意，

resulting in a steady stream of movies and TV shows about these opposing social groups. 語法

催生了一系列关于这两个对立社交群体的电影和电视节目。

While these depictions of popular kids and nerds have entertained us over the years,

虽然多年来这些关于受欢迎的孩子和书呆子的描绘娱乐了我们，

how accurate are they? 表達脈絡

但它们有多准确呢？

And what happens to popular kids and nerds after they get out of school?

那些受欢迎的孩子和书呆子离开学校后会怎样呢？

We'll try to answer these questions in this episode of The Infographics Show,

我们将在这期The Infographics Show中尝试回答这些问题，

Popular Kids versus Nerds.

《受欢迎的孩子与书呆子大比拼》。

Nerds are on the giving and receiving end of bullying. 習語

书呆子既是欺凌的施加者，也是受害者。

In teenage movies such as Pretty in Pink,

在《红粉佳人》、

Clueless, and Mean Girls,

《独领风骚》和《贱女孩》等青春电影中，

popular kids are often portrayed as bullies. 短語搭配

受欢迎的孩子经常被描绘成恶霸。

Research indicates that this movie image is fairly accurate. 表達脈絡

研究表明，这种电影形象是相当准确的。

A study conducted by sociologist Bob Faris and his co-author Diane Felmlee reveals that popular kids, 語法

社会学家Bob Faris和他的合著者Diane Felmlee进行的一项研究表明，受欢迎的孩子，

except those at the absolute top of the social ladder, 習語

除了那些处于社交阶梯绝对顶端的人，

are most likely to act aggressively towards other kids. 語法

最有可能对其他孩子做出攻击性行为。

This aggression comes out in the form of normative targeting, 短語搭配

这种攻击性表现为规范性针对，

or bullying kids who break social norms, 短語搭配

也就是欺负打破社交规范的孩子，

such as nerds.

比如书呆子。

But it also emerges in another surprising form.

但它也以另一种令人惊讶的形式出现。

Contrary to popular belief, 表達脈絡

与普遍的看法相反，

not all popular kids are safe from bullying.

并非所有受欢迎的孩子都能免受欺凌。

Some popular kids will pick on other popular kids whose popularity is growing. 短語動詞

一些受欢迎的孩子会欺负其他越来越受欢迎的孩子。

These aggressive kids engage in what Faris and his colleagues call instrumental targeting, 短語搭配

这些具有攻击性的孩子参与了Faris和他的同事所说的工具性针对，

or the use of bullying as an instrument or tool to gain social status.

即利用欺凌作为获得社会地位的工具或手段。

In other words, 表達脈絡

换句话说，

they're acting out the age-old story of building themselves up by tearing others down. 習語

他们正在上演通过贬低他人来抬高自己的老套戏码。

Another surprising finding is the study of the reaction of popular kids

另一个令人惊讶的发现是，对受欢迎的孩子

who were bullied by one of their peers.

被同龄人欺负后的反应研究。

According to Faris and Felmlee's study,

根据Faris和Felmlee的研究，

any given bullying incident hurts more emotionally for a popular kid than an unpopular one.

任何一起欺凌事件对受欢迎的孩子的心理伤害都比不受欢迎的孩子要大。

These popular kids feel more anxiety than unpopular kids

这些受欢迎的孩子比不受欢迎的孩子感到更焦虑，

because they think that they have more to lose. 習語

因为他们觉得自己有更多可失去的东西。

It unnerves them that a social competitor

让他们感到不安的是，社交竞争对手

could undo all of the hard work

可能会毁掉他们为

they put in to increase their social status. 短語動詞

提高社会地位所付出的所有努力。

The only kids who seem to be safe from bullying

唯一似乎能免受欺凌的孩子

are those at the absolute top of the social hierarchy

是那些处于社会等级绝对顶端的人，

because Faris states,

因为Faris指出，

"No one is trying to topple them from their perch." 習語

“没人试图把他们从高处拉下来。”

The popular mass media image of nerds as victims of bullying

大众媒体将书呆子塑造成欺凌受害者的形象

is also fairly realistic.

也相当现实。

We could not find studies that focus specifically on nerd-only bullying,

我们找不到专门针对欺负书呆子的研究，

but we did notice that some characteristics of nerds

但我们确实注意到书呆子的一些特征

put them at greater risk for being bullied. 短語搭配

使他们被欺负的风险更大。

According to StopBullying.gov,

根据StopBullying.gov的说法，

the Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a nerd 用詞

《韦氏词典》将书呆子定义为

as an unstylish, unattractive, or socially inept person,

一个不时髦、没有吸引力或不善交际的人，

especially one slavishly devoted to intellectual or academic pursuits. 用詞

尤其是一个盲目致力于智力或学术追求的人。

These characteristics could easily lead to a nerd 語法

这些特征很容易让书呆子

being perceived as different from their peers

被认为与同龄人不同，

and being less popular than others,

并且不如其他人受欢迎，

which are two of the risk factors for bullying listed on StopBullying.gov.

这是StopBullying.gov上列出的两个欺凌风险因素。

However, some nerds may also meet a third risk factor

然而，有些书呆子可能还符合第三个风险因素，

on StopBullying.gov's list:

在StopBullying.gov的名单上：

"Do not get along well with others, 短語動詞

“与他人相处不融洽，

seen as annoying or provoking,

被认为惹人烦或爱挑衅，

or antagonize others for attention."

或者为了引起注意而与他人作对。”

There are anecdotal reports of encounters with angry nerds and jerk nerds,

有轶事报道称，有人遇到过愤怒的书呆子和混蛋书呆子，

as a few Reddit users call them.

正如一些Reddit用户对他们的称呼。

Unlike the likable but helpless nerds frequently seen on television and in the movies,

与电视和电影中常见的讨人喜欢但无助的书呆子不同，

these nerds annoy people with their condescending behavior 用詞

这些书呆子带着居高临下的态度

and intellectual superiority.

和智力上的优越感来惹人烦。

And then there are nerds who reverse roles

还有一些书呆子会角色反转，

and become bullies themselves.

自己变成了恶霸。

A computer expert named Rob Collie wrote a blog post criticizing nerd bullies.

一位名叫Rob Collie的计算机专家写了一篇博客文章，批评书呆子恶霸。

He calls them traitors

他称他们为叛徒，

because they try to compensate 短語搭配

因为他们试图弥补

for their historically instilled feelings of inferiority

历史灌输给他们的自卑感，

by passing the pain and abuse they suffered onto other nerds. 短語動詞

将他们遭受的痛苦和虐待转嫁给其他书呆子。

Nerd bullies suffered at the hands of the mob, 習語

书呆子恶霸曾是暴民手下的受害者，

and now they lead mobs of other former sufferers

而现在他们带领着其他曾经的受害者

against victims of their own communities.

去对付他们自己社区中的受害者。

However, he describes seeing nerd bullies at work

不过，他描述了在网络游戏和科技社区中

in the online gaming and tech communities.

看到的书呆子恶霸的行径。

We could not find any studies

我们找不到任何研究

showing that nerd bullies are a problem within schools as well.

证明书呆子恶霸在学校里也是个问题。

Moving past the bullying 表達脈絡

抛开欺凌不谈，

and the somewhat accurate but incomplete view of popular kids and nerds

再抛开对受欢迎孩子和书呆子有些准确却不完整的看法，

in movies and on television,

也就是电影和电视里呈现的那些看法，

we find that their lives after high school are markedly different.

我们发现他们高中毕业后的生活截然不同。

Studies following popular kids into adulthood revealed mixed outcomes for them.

追踪受欢迎孩子到成年的研究揭示了他们好坏参半的结局。

A 2013 Leadernomics.com article cites the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study,

2013年Leadernomics.com的一篇文章引用了威斯康星州纵向研究，

which tracked the social characteristics and career achievements of students

该研究追踪了1957年

who graduated from a Wisconsin high school in 1957.

从威斯康星州一所高中毕业的学生的社会特征和职业成就。

This study showed that popular students earned a higher income in the long run 短語搭配

这项研究表明，从长远来看，受欢迎的学生

compared to those who were less popular.

比那些不太受欢迎的学生收入更高。

However, a follow-up study by Yale Professor Jason Fletcher

然而，耶鲁大学教授Jason Fletcher的一项后续研究

called into question the findings of the original Wisconsin study. 短語搭配

对最初的威斯康星州研究的发现提出了质疑。

It included additional data from siblings attending the same school

它包含了在同一所学校就读的兄弟姐妹的额外数据，

that showed the impact of popularity on future pay simply vanished.

表明受欢迎程度对未来薪酬的影响根本不存在。

A University of Virginia study tracking young people from age 13 to 23

弗吉尼亚大学的一项追踪13到23岁年轻人的研究

also painted a less rosy picture for popular kids. 習語

也为受欢迎的孩子描绘了一幅不那么乐观的画面。

According to this study,

根据这项研究，

cool kids were more likely to have bigger troubles later in life.

酷小孩在以后的生活中更有可能遇到大麻烦。

These problems included drug and alcohol use, as well as criminal activity.

这些问题包括吸毒和酗酒，以及犯罪活动。

The study found that as young adults,

研究发现，当他们步入成年期时，

they were using 40% more drugs and alcohol than the not-so-cool kids

他们吸毒和酗酒的比例比不那么酷的孩子高出40%，

and were 22% more likely to be running into trouble with the law. 短語動詞

触犯法律的可能性高出22%。

These things done to impress others hurt the popular kids in the long run.

从长远来看，为了给别人留下深刻印象而做的这些事，伤害了受欢迎的孩子。

One of the researchers of the study, Joseph Allen,

该研究的研究员之一Joseph Allen

says that teens trying so hard to be cool in the early adolescence

表示，在青春期早期拼命耍酷的青少年

find the rewards of popularity in the short term,

在短期内会体验到受欢迎的回报，

but their approach ultimately leads to a dead end. 習語

但他们的方式最终会走进死胡同。

The end result is what Allen calls the high school reunion effect.

最终的结果就是Allen所说的“高中同学聚会效应”。

You see the person who was cool,

你看到那个曾经很酷、

did exciting things that were intimidating and seemed glamorous at the time,

做过当时令人望而生畏且看似光鲜亮丽的刺激事情的人，

and then 5 or 10 years later,

然后过了5年或10年，

they're working in a menial job and have poor relationships and such.

他们做着卑微的工作，人际关系也很差等等。

In contrast,

相比之下，

nerds often fare better than popular kids after they leave high school. 用詞

书呆子高中毕业后的表现往往比受欢迎的孩子好。

The Daily Mail cites the same University of Virginia study mentioned earlier.

《每日邮报》引用了前面提到的同一项弗吉尼亚大学的研究。

While the cool kids struggled as they grew older,

虽然酷小孩随着年龄的增长会遇到困难，

the study found that those who are less popular as teenagers

但研究发现，那些在青少年时期不太受欢迎的人

ended up doing better in life than their cooler peers. 短語動詞

最终在生活中的表现比他们酷酷的同龄人要好。

Allen and the other researchers of the study also discovered the ones who were considered geeks

Allen和该研究的其他研究人员还发现，那些被认为是极客的人

went on to outperform the others by the time they reached early adulthood. 短語動詞

在进入成年初期时表现优于其他人。

While the intellectual activities highly valued by nerds might have made them less popular at school,

虽然书呆子高度重视的智力活动可能使他们在学校里不太受欢迎，

they paid off for nerds in the long run. 短語動詞

但从长远来看，这些活动对书呆子是有回报的。

A Newsweek article reports that new research suggests

《新闻周刊》的一篇文章报道称，新的研究表明，

that four high school behaviors can predict financial and occupational success as adults.

四种高中行为可以预测成年后的财务和职业成功。

A long-term study conducted by the American Psychological Association

美国心理学会进行的一项长期研究

found that being interested in learning,

发现，对学习感兴趣、

acting responsibly, and possessing good reading and writing skills

负责任的行事方式以及良好的读写能力，

were linked to having a higher income 50 years after high school. 短語搭配

与高中毕业50年后获得更高收入有关。

In addition,

此外，

Alexandra Robbins, the author of The Geeks Shall Inherit the Earth, 文化背景

《极客将继承地球》一书的作者Alexandra Robbins

attributes some of the nerd success to what she calls the quirk theory. 短語搭配

将书呆子的一些成功归结为她所说的“怪癖理论”。

The traits which made the nerd alienated in school,

那些让书呆子在学校里被孤立的特质，

unique personalities, passions, and ideas,

即独特的个性、激情和想法，

can end up being admired or valued traits in adulthood.

最终可能成为成年后令人钦佩或被重视的特质。

She argues that being exceptional,

她认为，与众不同、

developing coping strategies and independence,

培养应对策略和独立性，

and being able to deal positively with stressful social situations

以及能够积极应对充满压力的社交场合，

are some of the useful and valuable skills nerds learn while in school

是书呆子在学校里学到的有用且宝贵的技能，

and later carry over into the workplace and beyond. 短語動詞

这些技能后来会被带入职场及其他领域。

What are your experiences with popular kids and nerds?

你在面对受欢迎的孩子和书呆子时有什么经历？

Let us know in the comments.

请在评论中告诉我们。

Also, be sure to check out our other video called

另外，一定要去看看我们的另一部视频，叫做

What Makes Popular Kids Popular?

《是什么让受欢迎的孩子受欢迎？》

Thanks for watching.

感谢观看。

And as always, don't forget to like, share, and subscribe.

和往常一样，别忘了点赞、分享和订阅。

See you next time.

下次见。