阿波罗11号登月遗址现在的模样：英语精读讲义

Eagle Houston you're, looking good.

鹰号，这里是休斯顿，你们状况良好。

After 21 hours and 36 minutes on the surface of the moon,

在月表度过了21小时36分钟后，

it was time for the first people to walk here,

是时候让最先踏足这里的两个人，

Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin,

尼尔·阿姆斯特朗和巴兹·奥尔德林，

to start heading home.

准备踏上归途了。

All right.

好的。

nine eight 7 6 5 abort stage engine arm ascent proceed.

九、八、七、六、五，中止级发动机启动，上升程序继续。

In this video,

在本视频中，

we will look at what the astronauts left behind 短語動詞

我们将看看宇航员们留下了什么，

on what is one of the most significant historical sites 語法

在这处具有最重大历史意义的遗址上，

that no one has visited since.

自那以后再无人造访过这里。

During the astronauts' takeoff,

在宇航员起飞时，

Buzz Aldrin observed the site from a window,

巴兹·奥尔德林透过舷窗观察了这片场地，

noticing that the engine's spearing exhaust

注意到发动机喷出的尾气

was whirling up moon dust

卷起了月球尘土，

and caused the American flag to tip over, 短語動詞

导致美国国旗倒下，

falling to the ground.

掉落到地面。

A special mounting mechanism had been designed for the flag, 語法

这面国旗曾设计了特殊的安装装置，

as with no wind on the moon,

因为月球上没有风，

it had to be held upright by a horizontal crossbar. 語法

它必须由水平横杆支撑才能保持直立。

The flag itself,

然而，国旗本身

however, made of nylon,

由尼龙制成，

is not a custom-made product, 表達脈絡

并非定制产品，

but was ordered through the standard government supply catalog.

而是通过标准的政府供应目录订购的。

In addition to the flag,

除了国旗，

other commemorative items that serve no scientific purpose

其他没有任何科学用途的纪念品

were left on the moon.

也被留在了月球上。

Attached on the ladder of the descent stage,

在下降级的梯子上，

there is a metal plaque featuring the signatures

固定着一块金属牌，上面刻有

of the Apollo 11 crew

阿波罗11号全体乘组

and then US president Richard Nixon.

和时任美国总统理查德·尼克松的签名。

The astronauts also placed a number of small objects

宇航员们还在月表放置了一些

with symbolic meaning on the surface.

具有象征意义的小物件。

These items were stored in a shoulder pocket

这些物品最初装在

on Buzz Aldrin's space suit.

巴兹·奥尔德林宇航服的一个肩袋里。

He almost forgot to leave them on the moon

他差点忘了把它们留在月球上，

and was reminded to do so by Armstrong 語法

幸好阿姆斯特朗提醒了他，

while he was already on the ladder

当时他已经爬上梯子

to re-enter the lunar module.

准备重新进入登月舱。

From there,

从那里，

Aldrin dropped the objects onto the lunar surface.

奥尔德林将这些物品扔到了月球表面。

Part of it was an Apollo 1 mission patch

其中一部分是阿波罗1号的任务徽章，

to honor the astronauts that had died

以此纪念在两年半前的一场悲惨事故中

in a tragic accident 2 and 1/2 years prior.

丧生的宇航员们。

Their cabin had caught fire during a launch rehearsal, 短語搭配

当时他们的舱室在发射演练中起火，

killing all three crew members. 語法

导致所有三名乘组成员遇难。

The astronauts also left two commemorative medals

宇航员们还留下了两枚纪念奖章，

to honor the Soviet cosmonauts Yuri Gagarin

以向苏联宇航员尤里·加加林

and Vladimir Komarov,

和弗拉基米尔·科马罗夫致敬，

two space pioneers that died

这两位太空先驱

in different tragic accidents.

死于另外两起悲惨事故。

Even amidst the Cold War, 文化背景

即使在冷战时期，

the aim was to express mutual respect

此举也旨在表达对那些冒着生命危险

for those who risked their lives 短語搭配

探索太空的人们的

for the exploration of space.

相互尊重。

Another object that was placed to express the spirit

另一件用来表达国际合作精神

of international cooperation is a small silicon disc.

的物品是一块小巧的硅盘。

It contains goodwill messages from the leaders

它包含了来自全球73个国家领导人的

of 73 countries around the world.

善意留言。

In addition,

此外，

it features the names of congress members

它还刻有负责NASA立法的

responsible for NASA legislation,

国会议员的名字，

as well as names of NASA senior staff. 短語搭配

以及NASA高级官员的名字。

The astronauts also left a gold olive branch 文化背景

宇航员们还留下了一根金色的橄榄枝，

as a symbol of global peace.

作为全球和平的象征。

Besides these purely symbolic objects, 表達脈絡

除了这些纯粹的象征性物品，

we can find instruments that were used

我们还能找到曾用于

for experiments such as this seismometer

实验的仪器，比如这台

that can measure ground vibrations.

能够测量地面震动的地震仪。

The device,

该设备

powered by solar panels, 語法

由太阳能电池板供电，

records data on the strength,

记录关于地震事件的强度、

duration, and approximate direction

持续时间及大致方向的数据，

of seismic events and transmits

并将

this data to Earth.

这些数据传回地球。

Unfortunately, just three weeks after the moon landing,

不幸的是，登月仅仅三周后，

the device stopped sending data back,

该设备便停止了回传数据，

presumably because it overheated in the midday sun. 表達脈絡

据推测是因为它在正午的阳光下过热。

The temperature fluctuations between day and

日夜之间的温度波动

night are much more extreme 語法

要比地球上

than on Earth.

极端得多。

This is because the sun's heat is 表達脈絡

这是因为太阳的热量

not absorbed by an atmosphere,

没有被大气层吸收，

which could distribute it and retain

大气层本可以分散热量并在

it during the night.

夜间保留它。

If we look around further,

如果我们看向更远处，

we find another experiment,

会发现另一项实验设备，

the lunar laser retroreflector.

即月球激光后向反射器。

It acts as a special kind of mirror, 短語搭配

它就像一面特殊的镜子，

reflecting incoming light in exactly

能将射入的光线沿

the same direction from which 語法

光束射来的

the beam originates.

完全相同的方向反射回去。

This means scientists on Earth

这意味着地球上的科学家

can direct a laser beam

可以将激光束

towards this device,

瞄准这台设备，

which will reflect the light

它会将光

back to Earth.

反射回地球。

Since the speed of light is known,

由于光速是已知的，

this instrument can be used to 語法

这种仪器可以用来

measure the exact distance between

测量

the Earth and the Moon,

地球与月球之间的精确距离，

and it is the mission's

并且它是该任务中

only experiment that still works

唯一至今仍在运行的

to this day. 短語搭配

实验设备。

Other experiments that the astronauts

宇航员进行的

carried out can only be 短語動詞

其他实验只能通过

recognized by the traces they left behind.

他们留下的痕迹来辨认。

The astronauts took rock samples

宇航员采集了岩石样本

and drilled into the ground,

并在地面钻孔，

measuring the resistance.

测量了阻力。

They also hung up a special sheet

他们还挂起了一张特殊的薄膜，

for the duration of their stay

在他们停留期间，

in order to measure the 語法

为了测量

solar wind outside of Earth's magnetosphere.

地球磁层外的太阳风。

Because the astronauts had to bring

因为宇航员必须将

this sail back to Earth,

这张“帆”带回地球，

only the pole remains on the Moon.

所以只有杆子留在了月球上。

Close to the lander,

在着陆器附近，

we find an area that is

我们发现了一片

cluttered with objects. 短語搭配

散落着杂物的区域。

This is the trash we left behind.

这些是我们留下的垃圾。

A number of rock samples

大量岩石样本

were brought back to Earth,

被带回了地球，

and in order to be able

为了能够

to take as much as

尽可能多地带走

possible of those,

这些样本，

the astronauts tossed away equipment 短語動詞

宇航员扔掉了那些

that had already served its purpose. 短語搭配

已经完成使命的设备。

Also, the black and white camera,

此外，那台黑白摄像机

which had transmitted both the first 語法

曾向全球观众转播过

steps on the Moon

人类在月球的第一步

and the raising of the

以及插起

flag to a worldwide audience,

国旗的画面，

stayed behind on the Moon.

它也留在了月球上。

In addition to commemorative items,

除了纪念品、

scientific experiments,

科学实验设备

and tossed-away equipment,

和被丢弃的装备外，

the astronauts left one other thing

宇航员还留下了另一件东西，

behind, their footprints,

那就是他们的脚印，

which are often used as 習語

这通常被用来比喻

a metaphor for the achievement

这次旅程所代表的

that this journey represents.

伟大成就。

The paths that the astronauts

宇航员走过的

took are clearly visible in

路径在月尘中

the moon dust,

清晰可见，

and they reveal one path

它们揭示出有一条路径

that was taken far away

通往远离

from the landing site.

着陆点的地方。

Towards the end of the extravehicular activity, 文化背景

在舱外活动接近尾声时，

Neil Armstrong took the chance

尼尔·阿姆斯特朗抓住机会，

and went on an unplanned

进行了一次计划外的

trip to the Little West Crater.

小西部陨石坑之旅。

After the astronauts left,

宇航员离开后，

the site's condition is expected 語法

遗址的状况预计

to only change slowly.

只会缓慢发生变化。

Not so much in periods of 表達脈絡

不是在几周或几个月的

weeks or months,

时间跨度内，

but decades, centuries,

而是几十年、几个世纪，

and even greater intervals.

甚至是更长的时间间隔。

And so today,

因此在今天，

more than 53 years after

在阿波罗11号离开

Apollo 11 left,

超过53年之后，

it can be assumed that 表達脈絡

可以推测

solar radiation has visually

太阳辐射在视觉上

changed the site.

已经改变了这处遗址。

Without a significant atmosphere

由于没有足够的大气层

to protect the Moon,

来保护月球，

the intense ultraviolet radiation

阳光中强烈的紫外线辐射

of sunlight will have 短語搭配

会对

an impact on the materials

任务中所用的材料

used in the mission.

产生影响。

It is widely assumed that

人们普遍认为，

the colors of the US

美国国旗的颜色

flag have faded over the years.

随着时间的推移已经褪去。

In addition,

此外，

the materials were exposed to 短語搭配

这些材料暴露在

the extreme temperature fluctuations,

极端的温度波动中，

alternating between 14 days 語法

交替经历14天

of 100°C heat and then

100°C的高温，接着是

14 days in the dark

14天的黑暗，

at -150°C.

温度低至-150°C。

And so,

因此，

it's likely that the nylon

这面尼龙

flag is also tattered

国旗极有可能也已破烂

and disintegrated,

并瓦解，

as other materials will 語法

因为其他材料也必将

have suffered and will

遭受同样的损坏，并会

be covered in dust.

被尘土覆盖。

Ultimately, however, 表達脈絡

然而最终，

these are assumptions to 短語搭配

据我们所知，这些都只是

the best of our knowledge.

一些推测。

What's left is a truly

留下的是一处真正

fascinating historical site that,

引人入胜的历史遗址，

unlike archaeological sites on Earth, 語法

它不同于地球上的考古遗址，

is superbly preserved,

保存得极为完好，

but yet hardly studyable.

却又难以被研究。

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That is because they are region-locked. 用詞

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