纯素食者 vs 食肉者 - 谁能活得更长？食物 / 饮食大比拼：英语精读讲义

We've all experienced it.

我们都曾经历过这样的情况。

We invite a friend to dinner,

我们邀请一位朋友共进晚餐，

only to learn that she is the dreaded V-word. 講解

却得知她是个让人敬畏的“V”字头（Vegan）。

We have a vague sense of what it means, 短語搭配

我们对这个词的意思只有个模糊的概念，

but we're left with so many questions.

脑海里却冒出了一堆问题。

Is it healthier?

它更健康吗？

Will you sit on my leather couch?

你会坐在我的真皮沙发上吗？

Can we still go to Taco Bell?

我们还能去吃Taco Bell吗？

In a world of health magazines and PETA commercials, 表達脈絡

在一个充斥着健康杂志和PETA广告的世界里，

many people want to learn more about nutrition and which diets are the healthiest.

许多人想了解更多关于营养以及哪种饮食最健康的知识。

Wherever you go, 語法

无论你走到哪里，

no one can escape the growing vegan phenomenon.

没人能避开这股日益兴起的纯素食风潮。

So we thought it would be fun to explore it further in this episode of The Infographics Show,

所以我们觉得，在本期的The Infographics Show中进一步探讨这个问题会很有趣：

Vegans vs. Meat Eaters.

纯素食者 VS 肉食者。

A vegan is someone who follows a diet that contains no animal meat,

纯素食者（Vegan）是指饮食中不包含任何动物肉类、

fish, eggs, dairy products,

鱼类、蛋类、乳制品，

or any other food that comes from animals.

或任何其他来自动物的食物的人。

They differ from vegetarians who generally still eat dairy and eggs as part of their diets.

他们不同于素食者（Vegetarians），后者通常仍在饮食中摄入乳制品和蛋类。

Vegans also typically abstain from using any other products that come from animals, 用詞

纯素食者通常也会避免使用任何其他来自动物的产品，

such as honey and leather jackets.

比如蜂蜜和皮夹克。

Back in 2008,

回顾2008年，

vegans only accounted for around 0.5% of the US population or about 1 million people. 短語動詞

纯素食者仅占美国人口的约0.5%，即约100万人。

As of polls taken in 2014, 短語搭配

根据2014年的民意调查，

vegans now make up roughly 2.5% of the population, 短語動詞

纯素食者目前约占总人口的2.5%，

at least in the United States.

至少在美国是这样。

Women seem to be far bigger fans of veganism,

女性似乎是纯素食主义的更狂热粉丝，

making up around 79% of vegans.

占纯素食者的79%左右。

The number of meat eaters obviously far outweighs the number of vegans throughout the world, 用詞

显然，在世界范围内，肉食者的数量远超纯素食者，

with the highest concentration of vegans being in Israel at only around 5% of their population. 語法

纯素食者比例最高的国家是以色列，但也仅占其人口的5%左右。

By not consuming any animal products, 語法

由于不食用任何动物产品，

vegans follow a dietary path similar to an herbivore.

纯素食者的饮食路径类似于食草动物。

Herbivores are animals that feed exclusively on plants, 短語搭配

食草动物是专门以植物为食的动物，

such as cows, giraffes, and adorable deer.

比如牛、长颈鹿和可爱的鹿。

Meat eaters are typically omnivores,

肉食者通常是杂食动物，

which means that they eat both plants and animals.

这意味着他们既吃植物也吃动物。

The term comes from the Latin words omni meaning all or everything

这个词源于拉丁语“omni”，意思是全部或一切，

and the word vorare which means to devour.

以及“vorare”一词，意思是吞食。

So basically,

所以基本上，

omnivores are down to eat whatever. 用詞

杂食动物什么都吃。

Most meat eaters don't solely eat just meat like a carnivore would do,

大多数肉食者并不像食肉动物那样只吃肉，

that is unless you're Ron Swanson from Parks and Recreation. 講解

除非你是《公园与游憩》里的Ron Swanson。

Then it's beautiful bacon and sizzling steaks all day.

那样的话，他整天都在吃美味的培根和滋滋作响的牛排。

So humans are widely thought of as natural omnivores, 短語搭配

因此，人类被广泛认为是天生的杂食动物，

but some believe that humans are at their optimal health when following the dietary habits of an herbivore.

但有些人认为，遵循食草动物的饮食习惯，人类才能达到最佳健康状态。

People often cite potential health benefits and ethical dilemmas as the main reasons to go on a vegan diet. 短語搭配

人们经常将潜在的健康益处和伦理困境作为采取纯素饮食的主要原因。

We won't get into the ethics today, 短語動詞

今天我们暂不探讨伦理问题，

but we are curious about the health differences between vegans and their meat-eating friends.

但我们很好奇纯素食者和他们吃肉的朋友在健康方面有何差异。

People on a vegan diet tend to be leaner. 語法

采用纯素饮食的人往往更苗条。

In a cross-sectional study of nearly 40,000 adults, 用詞

在一项针对近40,000名成年人的横断面研究中，

meat eaters had the highest mean body mass index or BMI. 用詞

肉食者的平均体重指数（BMI）最高。

Vegetarians were in the middle and vegans had the lowest.

素食者居中，而纯素食者最低。

Based on several studies from Finland, 表達脈絡

根据芬兰的几项研究，

some scientists have suggested that vegan diets may be helpful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

一些科学家指出，纯素饮食可能有助于治疗类风湿性关节炎。

Vegans also appear to have lower rates of hypertension than both meat eaters and vegetarians. 語法

纯素食者患高血压的比例似乎也低于肉食者和素食者。

Vegans also typically have lower cardio metabolic risks for conditions like heart disease or strokes.

纯素食者在心脏病或中风等疾病的心血管代谢风险方面通常也较低。

The problem, however,

然而问题，

doesn't seem to be with meat itself, 語法

似乎不在于肉类本身，

but rather with the quality of meat.

而在于肉的质量。

Recent findings have found that coronary heart disease problems

最近的发现表明，冠心病问题

do not seem to be linked with red meat and saturated fats like previously thought, 短語搭配

似乎并不像以前认为的那样与红肉和饱和脂肪有关，

but rather with processed meats.

而是与加工肉类有关。

Based on a study of nearly 1.25 million people,

根据一项对近125万人进行的研究，

consumption of processed meats,

食用加工肉类，

not simply red meat,

而不仅仅是红肉，

was associated with higher rates of coronary heart disease. 短語搭配

与更高的冠心病发病率相关。

From an evolutionary standpoint, 短語搭配

从进化的角度来看，

meat-eating omnivores also seem to be the reason behind the growth of our larger more intelligent brains.

食肉的杂食动物似乎也是我们拥有更大、更聪明的大脑的原因。

This is the result of the higher protein content associated with meat consumption.

这是吃肉带来更高蛋白质含量的结果。

The American Dietetic Association or ADA states that the protein from plants can easily meet and exceed protein requirements 短語搭配

美国饮食协会（ADA）表示，来自植物的蛋白质可以轻松达到甚至超过蛋白质的需求，

and that being an omnivore merely increases the amount of protein sources a person can have by including animal meat.

而作为杂食动物，只是通过加入动物肉类增加了人们摄取蛋白质来源的数量。

Obviously,

显然，

protein is important to both bone health and muscle mass.

蛋白质对骨骼健康和肌肉量都很重要。

One study even found that women who ate meat had higher amounts of muscle mass than their vegetarian counterparts,

一项研究甚至发现，吃肉的女性比吃素的女性拥有更多的肌肉量，

even if their protein intake was the same. 語法

即使她们的蛋白质摄入量相同。

While there certainly may be some health advantages in going vegan,

虽然成为纯素食者肯定有一些健康优势，

there seems to be some common deficiencies in the diet.

但这种饮食似乎也存在一些普遍的营养缺乏问题。

One of these deficiencies is with the vitamin B12.

其中一种缺乏的是维生素B12。

The ADA states that there are no natural plant foods that contain any significant amount of the vitamin.

ADA指出，没有天然的植物性食物含有大量这种维生素。

Vegans can still get it,

纯素食者仍然可以获取它，

but they need to take a vitamin or consume fortified foods like soy milk and certain breakfast cereals. 用詞

但他们需要服用维生素或食用豆奶及某些早餐谷物等强化食品。

Omega-3 fatty acids are also very difficult to come by in a vegan diet, 短語動詞

Omega-3脂肪酸在纯素饮食中也很难获得，

but this can be overcome through the consumption of algae supplements. 短語搭配

但这可以通过食用藻类补充剂来克服。

With vegans requiring supplementation to meet their nutritional

鉴于纯素食者需要补充剂来满足其营养需求，

it supports the claim that veganism is unnatural,

这支持了纯素主义是不自然的说法，

but that doesn't necessarily mean it's unhealthy. 語法

但这并不一定意味着它不健康。

At this point, 表達脈絡

此时，

some of you may be wondering which diet leads to longer lifespans.

你们中的一些人可能会想，哪种饮食能带来更长的寿命。

For that information, 表達脈絡

关于这个信息，

we turn to Okinawa.

我们来看看冲绳。

The traditional Okinawan diet is typically regarded as the best for health and longevity, 短語搭配

传统的冲绳饮食通常被认为对健康和长寿最好，

with the Okinawan islands having the greatest concentration of centenarians in the world. 語法

冲绳群岛是世界上百岁老人最集中的地方。

An archipelago hundreds of miles off the coast of Japan, 短語搭配

作为一个离日本海岸数百英里的群岛，

Okinawa has about 740 centenarians out of its population of 1.3 million people. 短語搭配

冲绳在130万人口中约有740位百岁老人。

While their diets have been changing recently due to globalization and factors like fast food chains,

虽然由于全球化和快餐连锁店等因素，他们的饮食习惯最近有所改变，

the traditional Okinawan diet is made up of large amounts of plant-based carbohydrates. 短語動詞

但传统的冲绳饮食由大量基于植物的碳水化合物组成。

Although they are primarily vegans, 語法

尽管他们主要是纯素食者，

traditional Okinawans still eat meat on special occasions,

传统的冲绳人仍然在特殊场合吃肉，

usually pork,

通常是猪肉，

as well as small amounts of fish on a weekly basis.

以及每周少量吃些鱼。

This doesn't prove that small amounts of animal products are vital to good health, 表達脈絡

这并不能证明少量的动物产品对良好健康是必不可少的，

but it does hint that the optimal human diet can be achieved without going completely vegan.

但它确实暗示，人类的理想饮食可以在不完全成为纯素食者的情况下实现。

That said, 表達脈絡

尽管如此，

many health organizations,

许多健康组织，

including the ADA,

包括ADA，

state that all planned vegan diets are healthy and nutritionally adequate 用詞

都表示，所有精心规划的纯素饮食都是健康的且营养充足的，

and may provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. 短語搭配

并且在某些疾病的预防和治疗方面可能提供健康益处。

It seems like no matter what your dietary preferences are, 語法

似乎无论你的饮食偏好是什么，

a healthy lifestyle can be achieved on or off a vegan diet. 短語搭配

无论是纯素饮食还是非纯素饮食，都可以实现健康的生活方式。

Are you or would you ever consider becoming a vegan? 語法

你是，或者你会考虑成为一个纯素食者吗？

Why or why not?

为什么会，或者为什么不会？

Let us know down in the comments below.

请在下面的评论中告诉我们。

And if you like our videos and want to help us continue to make more of them,

如果你喜欢我们的视频，并想帮助我们继续制作更多视频，

please head on over to Patreon and show us some love. 習語

请前往Patreon支持我们。

Don't forget to give this video a like and make sure to subscribe so you can keep up with our show. 短語動詞

别忘了给这个视频点赞并确保订阅，这样你就能继续关注我们的节目。