你应该坚持一夫一妻制吗？：英语精读讲义

Monogamy or being in a relationship with one person 用詞

单偶制，也就是只和一个人建立伴侣关系，

is actually very uncommon among mammals

在哺乳动物中其实非常少见，

with only around 3% displaying monogamous bonding.

只有约3%的哺乳动物会形成单偶伴侣关系。

So, what's the deal with humans? 習語

那么，人类又是怎么回事呢？

Is it really better to be with one person

一辈子只和一个人在一起

for your entire life?

真的会更好吗？

Historically, humans did not practice monogamy.

从历史上看，人类并不实行单偶制。

The anthropological record indicates that

人类学记录显示，

tens of thousands of years ago,

数万年前，

approximately 85% of human societies

在约85%的人类社会中，

were composed of men with more than one partner. 短語搭配

男性拥有不止一位伴侣。

The reason why most of the world has shifted

世界大多数地区之所以转向

to socially imposed monogamy

由社会规范强制推行的单偶制，

is debated among scientists,

其原因在科学界仍有争议，

but a leading hypothesis is to minimize the risk 短語搭配

但一个主流假说认为，这是为了降低

of sexually transmitted infection. 用詞

性传播感染的风险。

As human societies transitioned 語法

随着人类社会

from small hunter-gatherer societies

从小型狩猎采集社会

to larger densely populated agricultural societies,

转变为人口稠密的大型农业社会，

models show the shift in lifestyle

模型显示，这种生活方式的转变

would allow STIs to proliferate, 語法

会让性传播感染大量蔓延，

causing death and infertility.

导致死亡和不孕不育。

But while monogamy may have evolved to prevent STIs, 語法

不过，即便单偶制可能是为预防性传播感染而演化出来的，

what about now?

如今的情况又如何呢？

Many maintain they are in a monogamous relationship, 用詞

许多人声称自己维持着单偶关系，

but are actually committing infidelity. 短語搭配

实际上却对伴侣不忠。

Estimates of cheating among married Americans

据估计，已婚美国人的出轨比例

range from 21% to 57% among men 語法

在男性中为21%至57%，

and 11% to 35% among women.

在女性中为11%至35%。

In fact, a study of college students

事实上，一项针对大学生的研究发现，

in exclusive relationships found that

在那些承诺彼此专一的恋爱关系中，

one in five admit to using Tinder on the side. 講解

五分之一的人承认自己背着伴侣使用 Tinder。

And those who identify as monogamous 短語搭配

而那些自认奉行单偶制的人

are less likely to practice safer sex, 講解

采取安全性行为措施的可能性更低，

including condom use and STI testing,

例如使用安全套和接受性传播感染检测，

as they fear introducing these practices 短語搭配

因为他们担心把这些做法

into a relationship

带进一段感情中

may create suspicion.

可能会引起猜疑。

However, those in consensual non-monogamous relationships 用詞

然而，处于各方同意的非单偶关系中的人

are more likely to use condoms

更有可能使用安全套，

for both vaginal and anal intercourse,

无论是阴道性交还是肛交；

be screened regularly for STIs, 短語搭配

他们也会定期接受性传播感染筛查，

and discuss external sexual encounters with their primary partner.

并与主要伴侣讨论自己在关系外的性接触。

So, now it seems 表達脈絡

所以，现在看来，

those in consensually non-monogamous relationships

处于各方同意的非单偶关系中的人

may be at a lower risk for STIs than monogamous. 短語搭配

面临性传播感染的风险可能比单偶关系中的人更低。

A study using 1,500 individuals

一项研究调查了1,500名

in monogamous partnerships

处于单偶伴侣关系中的参与者，

and 617 individuals

以及617名

in consensual non-monogamous relationships

处于各方同意的非单偶关系中的参与者，

found no significant differences 用詞

结果发现，两组之间并无显著差异，

on relationship function,

无论是在关系运作情况、

overall satisfaction, commitment,

总体满意度、承诺程度，

and passionate love.

还是热烈的爱情方面。

In fact, jealousy was lower and trust was higher

事实上，嫉妒感更低、信任感更高的

in individuals who were not monogamous.

反而是那些不奉行单偶制的人。

Skeptical of these results? 短語搭配

对这些结果有所怀疑吗？

You're not alone. 語氣意圖

不只你一个人这么想。

A study had participants read a brief description 語法

一项研究让参与者阅读一段

of hypothetical research results, which read,

对假想研究结果的简短描述，内容是：

"In general, polyamorous couples

“总体而言，多元之爱关系中的伴侣

had more positive outcomes

获得的正面结果

than monogamous couples."

比单偶伴侣更多。”

Participants would rate this statement 短語搭配

参与者会认为这句话

as unfairly biased,

有失公允、带有偏见；

whereas if the exact same statement was switched 表達脈絡

但如果把完全相同的说法改成

to favor monogamous relationships, 用詞

偏向单偶关系，

it would be rated as less biased.

他们就会认为它没那么偏颇。

These results help show how we're primed to think 短語搭配

这些结果说明，我们早已受到影响，倾向于认为

that monogamous relationships are more loving,

单偶关系更有爱，

committed, and satisfying,

更投入，也更令人满足；

while consensual non-monogamous relationships

而各方同意的非单偶关系，

like swinging, polyamory, 文化背景

比如换偶、多元之爱

and open relationships are often viewed negatively.

和开放式关系，则往往受到负面评价。

This doesn't mean that you and your boo 講解

但这并不意味着你和另一半

should just open things up, though. 短語動詞

就应该直接开放你们的关系。

Monogamy may work great for some,

单偶制可能非常适合一些人，

but not others.

却不适合另一些人。

One study found that men and women

一项研究发现，在男性和女性中，

who wanted to engage in casual sex 短語搭配

想进行随意性行为的人

were more likely to have

更有可能

higher levels of testosterone.

拥有较高的睾酮水平。

But this group may still be in the minority. 短語搭配

不过，这群人可能仍是少数。

In a self-reported study of ideal mating arrangements, 用詞

在一项让参与者自述理想伴侣关系模式的研究中，

it was found that both men and women 語法

研究发现，无论男性还是女性，

overwhelmingly prefer strictly monogamous

绝大多数都偏爱严格单偶的

mating arrangements

伴侣关系模式——

when asked to choose. 語法

这是他们在被要求做出选择时的答案。

So, whether you prefer to keep your relationship 語法

所以，无论你希望自己的关系中

to one person or to multiple,

只有一位伴侣，还是有多位伴侣，

research is finding there are many ways 語法

研究都发现，要建立一段

to have a committed, satisfying, 短語搭配

彼此投入、令人满足

and loving relationship,

且充满爱的关系，有许多种方式；

and monogamy is not the sole gold standard. 習語

单偶制并不是唯一的黄金标准。

Thank you so much for watching.

非常感谢大家观看。

If you haven't seen it yet,

如果你还没看过，

we just released another brand new video

我们刚刚发布了另一支全新视频，

about what happens when millennials

讲的是，当千禧一代

try to be environmentalists.

尝试成为环保主义者时，会发生什么。

It's a new style of video.

这是一种全新风格的视频。

We were trying to make science fun and cool,

我们想让科学变得有趣又酷，

so make sure you watch it and share it.

所以一定要去看看，也别忘了分享。

We would really appreciate it.

我们会非常感激。

So, you can click the fancy link over there,

你可以点击那边那个炫酷的链接，

or we'll put a link in the description.

或者我们会在视频简介里放上链接。

So, make sure you subscribe.

所以，别忘了订阅。

There'll be a new animated video next Thursday.

下周四会推出一支全新的动画视频。

And, yeah.

嗯，就这样。

Peace out. 用詞

拜拜。

See you.

回头见。