日本如何拯救其最大城市免于崩溃 - 罗曼·克兹纳里奇：英语精读讲义

用 was known as 完成句子：Before 1950, the hotel ____ the Royal Inn.

哪句话最准确地表示气温正接近40摄氏度，但没有说已经达到或超过40度？

1. The temperature is approaching 40 degrees Celsius.
2. The temperature is about 40 degrees Celsius.
3. The temperature is over 40 degrees Celsius.

用目标短语完成句子：After losing its last major client, the company was ____ closing.

使用 lead to 的过去完成时形式：By the time inspectors arrived, years of leaks ____ serious damage.

哪句话自然地使用 face 表达“这家医院面临人员短缺”？

1. The hospital meets a shortage of nurses.
2. The hospital faces short of nurses.
3. The hospital faces a shortage of nurses.

在一次干旱中，水库有干涸的危险，但里面仍然有水。哪句话最能突出这种严重风险？

1. The drought threatened the town's water supply.
2. The drought affected the town's water supply.

哪项描述最准确地解释了 But over just a few decades 在句中的作用？

1. 它解释前一个问题的原因，并把几十年描述成一段非常漫长的时间。
2. 它扭转前文形成的预期，并把变化框定为发生在一段出乎意料的短时间内。
3. 它给出变化的确切日期，并表明这个结果符合预期。

一部纪录片已经把观众带入1850年。哪句话使用 will 从这个历史时间视角预告后来的发展？

1. From today's viewpoint, the town may become a major port next year.
2. By 1850, the town had already become a major port.
3. Now it is 1850. The town is still small, but it will become a major port.

用表示“发展或开始存在”的双词短语动词完成问题：How did this unusual custom ____?

哪句话正确使用 a series of，把多场相关的讲座组织成一个系列？

1. The museum planned series of linked talks.
2. The museum planned a series of linked talk.
3. The museum planned a series of linked talks.

哪一句中的 would last 表示从过去的时间点看后来会持续多久？

1. If the weather worsened, the expedition would last longer.
2. During his childhood, the summer visits would last a week.
3. The expedition began in 1920 and would last three years.

用 unify ... under 的过去式完成句子：After years of division, the queen ____ the provinces ____ one crown.

用 marked the beginning of 完成句子：The peace agreement ____ a new period of cooperation.

在这一历史语境中，Tokugawa shogunate 指什么？

1. 某一位幕府将军的头衔
2. 日本天皇的统治时期
3. 由德川幕府将军领导的军事政权

哪句话明确表示该通行证的有效期包括6月30日？

1. The pass expires before June 30.
2. The pass is valid from June 1 through June 30.
3. The pass becomes valid after June 30.

用 succeed 的过去式和一个宾格代词完成句子，使其表示“接替了李先生的职位”：After Mr. Lee retired, Ana ____ as principal.

请使用本课中表示“正式使多项广泛改革生效”的完整短语填空：The new government ____.

哪句话中的 reshaped 是比喻用法，表示一个系统的运作方式发生了广泛变化？

1. The update changed one icon from blue to green.
2. The designer reshaped the soft clay into a bowl.
3. Online banking reshaped the way customers manage their money.

哪一句正确使用 Concerned over ... 来说明主句主语采取行动的原因？

1. Concerned over rising costs, the manager delayed the project.
2. Concerned over rising costs, the project was delayed by the manager.
3. Concerning over rising costs, the manager delayed the project.

请用正式结构 impose severe limitations on 的过去式完成这句政策语境中的句子：The city ____ water use during the drought.

哪一个句子正确使用了 ban someone from doing something 和 restrict someone from doing something？

1. The rules ban visitors from entering the laboratory and restrict students from using it after school.
2. The rules ban visitors from enter the laboratory and restrict students from use it after school.
3. The rules ban visitors to enter the laboratory and restrict students to use it after school.

用本课中表示“弥补”的三个词短语完成句子：Extra practice can help ____ lost time.

用 invest heavily in 的过去式完成句子：To improve rural internet access, the government ____ expanding the fiber network.

哪句话在 while 两边使用平行的 -ing 形式，表达一项增加、另一项减少？

1. The managers are interested in increasing output while decreases energy use.
2. The managers are interested in increase output while decreasing energy use.
3. The managers are interested in increasing output while decreasing energy use.

哪句话能自然表达“这份报告把早期研究作为资料来源”？

1. This report drew upon earlier research.
2. This report drew at earlier research.
3. This report drew up earlier research.

根据原句的解释，哪项最符合 mottainai 的含义？

1. 它鼓励人们珍惜资源并避免不必要的浪费。
2. 它表示每件物品都必须永远保留。
3. 它要求人们停止制造所有新物品。

请用本课中表示“只满足于所需数量”的短语完成句子：Ava did not want extra supplies; she was ____ paper to finish the poster.

哪句话的句首 Realizing ... 短语具有正确的隐含主语？

1. Realizing the road was icy, Maya drove more slowly.
2. Realizing the road was icy, the speed limit was lowered.
3. Realizing the road was icy, there was a sudden change in Maya's plan.

哪句话表示该市正式出台了针对夜间施工的新限制？

1. The city described nighttime construction.
2. The city introduced limitations on nighttime construction.
3. The city removed limitations on nighttime construction.

哪句话表示某个组织正式启动了一项覆盖范围广泛的森林恢复行动？

1. The foundation launched a sprawling reforestation program across the region.
2. The foundation canceled a sprawling reforestation program across the region.
3. The foundation studied one forest without starting a program.

这句话描述了怎样的先后顺序？The workers were required and later paid to repair the trail.

1. 工人一直可以自由选择是否做这项工作，而且从未获得报酬。
2. 起初，修整小路是必须完成的任务；后来，工人因这项工作获得了报酬。
3. 工人起初获得了报酬；后来，他们被命令停止修整小路。

哪句话自然地使用 curb demand for 来说明一项政策的目的？

1. To curb demand for disposable cups, the café began charging for them.
2. To demand a curb for disposable cups, the café began charging for them.
3. To curb disposable cups for demand, the café began charging for them.

哪种情况最适合用 strict rationing rules 来描述？

1. 人们被建议在购买燃料前比较价格。
2. 各个家庭想拿多少燃料都可以。
3. 在燃料短缺期间，每户每周只能获得固定数量的燃料。

用 be built with 的正确被动形式完成句子：The temporary classrooms ____ standardized metal panels.

一个模块化舞台可以在演出后拆开并再次使用。请用 can be 和两个目标过去分词完成句子：After the show, the modular stage ____.

使用表示“围绕一项核心活动发展起来”的目标表达完成句子：As electric bicycles became popular, new businesses ____ maintaining and repairing them.

哪项描述最符合 agricultural byproduct？

1. 农场打算生产的主要作物。
2. 任何完全没有用途、必须扔掉的材料。
3. 在农业生产或加工过程中产生、而且仍可能有用的次要材料。

请使用表示“因长期使用而损坏”的复合形容词完成句子：After ten years of daily use, these are ____ work boots.

请用 rather than 和 replace 的 -ing 形式完成句子：Maya fixed her backpack ____ it.

请用 turn into 的被动形式完成句子：At the recycling center, old bottles are ____ new glass.

哪句话明确表示物品被改作了新用途，而不只是再次使用？

1. She discarded the old ladder after it broke.
2. She repurposed an old ladder as a bookshelf.
3. She reused the old ladder to reach a high shelf.

补全句子，使其表示绳子的磨损程度导致它无法安全使用：The rope was ____ worn ____ safe use.

哪一句最清楚地按“检查、贴标签、寄送”的顺序呈现三个阶段，并把寄送作为最后一步？

1. The package was shipped, then inspected before finally being labeled.
2. The package was inspected, then labeled before finally being shipped to the customer.
3. The package was inspected and shipped while the label was blue.

哪项说法最准确地解释了本句中的 kintsugi？

1. Kintsugi 是一种日本陶瓷修复技法，会让修复后的裂痕保持可见并成为设计的一部分。
2. Kintsugi 是一种可用于任何物品的金色绘画风格。
3. Kintsugi 是一种制作全新陶瓷的方法，可以让成品没有任何接缝或裂痕。

在这段修复说明中，the fracture lines brushed with gold lacquer 是什么意思？

1. 把金色漆料涂到可见的裂纹上。
2. 在一层金漆中刻出可见的裂纹。
3. 先把裂纹藏起来，再接合破碎的部分。

请用目标动作链完成句子，表示这些布片被缝合起来以制成被子：The fabric squares were ____ a quilt.

哪项描述最符合本句中的 boro？

1. 一种完全不使用旧布来织造新面料的技术。
2. 一种通过反复缝补和拼接来修复并重新利用旧布的日本传统。
3. 所有装饰性拼布的统称。

请用表示“从上一代传给下一代”的目标短语动词完成句子：This recipe has been ____ for generations.

哪句话表示一种文化活动变得活跃并取得了成功？

1. Local theater was canceled throughout the decade.
2. Local theater flourished during the decade.
3. Local theater stayed limited to one small annual show.

用正式的倒装结构完成句子，表示辩论队也成长了：The science club grew, ____ the debate team.

这里的 even as 表达什么关系？ The restaurant stayed busy even as the storm grew worse.

1. 两种情况同时发生，并形成了出人意料的反差。
2. 餐厅只在暴风雨结束后才开始忙碌。
3. 暴风雨越来越严重，导致餐厅一直很忙。

哪句话先承认优点，再补充限制，构成了平衡式评价？

1. The course offered clear explanations, so it had no confusing sections.
2. While the course offered clear explanations, it wasn't without a few confusing sections.
3. Because the course had confusing sections, its clear explanations did not matter.

哪个句子以克制、正式的方式表示“一个计划存在一些问题”？

1. The plan was completely unusable.
2. The plan had no flaws at all.
3. The plan wasn't without its flaws.

选择能表示“权力机构确保人们遵守新的安全规定”的自然句子。

1. The new safety regulations are strictly enforced.
2. The new safety regulations are strictly created.
3. The new safety regulations are strictly announced.

harsh authoritarian rule 在这句话中描述什么？

1. 教材里的一条难懂规则
2. 一项严格但经过自由选举产生的地方政策
3. 一种严厉的、权力集中的政治控制制度

哪句话最自然地使用了 rife with，并强调问题普遍存在？

1. The report was rife with helpful tips.
2. The report was rife errors.
3. The report was rife with errors.

在 a crippling tax 中，crippling 是什么意思？

1. 这种税只由身体残障人士缴纳。
2. 这种税数额很小，很容易负担。
3. 这种税负担极重，可能严重损害人们的生计。

哪项陈述正确说明了句中 nengu 和 daimyo 的关系？

1. daimyo 把 nengu 作为工资付给农民。
2. nengu 和 daimyo 是同一群领主的两个名称。
3. 农民向称为 daimyo 的地方领主缴纳 nengu。

哪句话最准确地表示：到了某个世纪的后半叶时，一项变化已经发生？

1. In the second half of the 20th century, the museum opened for one day.
2. By the second half of the 20th century, computers had become widely used.
3. During the second half of the 20th century, the festival lasted three weeks.

哪句话正确使用了“逗号 + -ing 从句”来说明结果？

1. Food prices rose sharply, putting pressure on household budgets.
2. Food prices rising sharply, household budgets were under pressure.
3. Food prices rose sharply, put pressure on household budgets.

在这句话中，external pressure 是什么意思？

1. 来自日本以外势力的政治或军事压力
2. 建筑物外部的物理气压
3. 日本劳动者感受到的个人压力

请用 reopen its doors to 完成句子：After a five-year ban, the country decided to ____ international researchers.

阅读句子：Several reforms ultimately led to the end of the old system. 其中 ultimately led to the end of 起什么作用？

1. 它表示结果发生在这些改革之前。
2. 它指出一连串原因造成的最终结果。
3. 它引入一个无关的例子。

选择能正确完成句子的词：____ these difficulties, the team finished on time.

1. Although
2. Because
3. Despite

使用 serve as a powerful lesson 补全句子：The failed experiment can ____ for the research team.

选择最自然地描述一家处境不稳定、濒临停业的医院的句子。

1. The hospital was safely resting on the brink of closure.
2. The hospital was teetering closure into recovery.
3. The hospital was teetering on the brink of closure.

选择 epicenter 能自然表示某种文化活动最重要、最活跃中心的句子。

1. The waterfront became a quiet place with no cultural activity.
2. The waterfront became a thriving cultural epicenter for street artists.
3. The waterfront became a thriving earthquake for street artists.

用 from ... to ... 补全表示变化的结构：The neighborhood's transformation ____ an industrial area ____ a green community took ten years.

阅读这个句子：The teacher showed us that what's unclear can be explained. what's unclear 在句中起什么作用？

1. 它直接询问哪一件事不清楚。
2. 它说明老师用什么方式进行解释。
3. 它表示“不清楚的事物”，并作 can be explained 的主语。

把 by 和 doing so 组合成目标短语，完成句子：Save a copy before editing the file. ____, you can restore the original later.

用本课的背景框架补全句子：The new shelter opened ____ many families needed help.

在环境经济学中，a circular economy 的目标是什么？

1. 让经济增长按照固定周期上升和下降
2. 把工厂和商店排列成圆形
3. 通过维修、再使用和回收，让产品与材料继续被使用

用 not by ... but rather by ... 完成句子：The team's success is driven ____ luck, ____ careful preparation.

哪句话最恰当地使用 make the most of 来描述一个好机会？

1. This internship is a great opportunity, so I want to make the most of it.
2. This internship is a great opportunity, so I want to make up for it.
3. This internship is a great opportunity, so I want to make the best of it.

哪句话自然地使用 harness 来表示“引导并利用资源的力量以实现目标”？

1. We can harness the door at eight.
2. We can harness a sandwich for lunch.
3. We can harness solar energy to power the school.

用 could 和 if 完成这个开放式假设问题：What ____ our town look like ____ every street had more trees?

用 pushing for 完成句子：Local parents are ____ safer crossings near the school.

哪项说法最准确地概括了 the right to repair 的核心主张？

1. 每件损坏的产品都应当自动更换为新品。
2. 只有制造商才应当有权决定产品是否可以维修。
3. 产品所有者应当能够获得维修产品所需的零件、工具和信息，或选择独立维修服务。