宇宙中有哪些我们至今无法解释的神秘天体？：英语精读讲义

For as long as humans have been staring up into space, 語法

自从人类开始仰望太空以来，

we've been absolutely mesmerized by the stars. 短語搭配

我们就完全被星星迷住了。

Have you ever tried to count them? 語法

你有没有试着去数过它们？

It's thought at best in the ideal location, 講解

人们认为，充其量在最理想的位置，

the naked human eye will be able to see no more than 5,000 stars. 用詞

人类的肉眼最多只能看到5000颗星星。

That's hardly any considering there are 170 billion galaxies in the observable universe 表達脈絡

这根本算不上什么，考虑到可观测宇宙中有1700亿个星系，

and in each one of them there might be 1 to 100 trillion stars.

而且在每一个星系中，可能有1到100万亿颗恒星。

Observable stars number about a septillion,

可观测到的恒星数量大约是10的24次方，

but that's what we can observe using equipment.

但那只是我们使用设备能观测到的。

Even the Milky Way,

即使是银河系，

the galaxy that contains our solar system,

也就是包含我们太阳系的星系，

has about 400 billion stars.

也有大约4000亿颗恒星。

It's mind-boggling what could be out there. 習語

外面可能存在的东西简直令人难以置信。

Today we are going to look at some of the mysteries of space

今天我们将看看一些太空的奥秘，

in this episode of The Infographics Show,

在《The Infographics Show》的这一集中，

Mysterious Objects in Space We Can't Explain Yet.

探讨“我们至今无法解释的神秘太空天体”。

Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell button

不要忘记订阅并点击小铃铛按钮，

so that you can be part of our notification squad.

这样你就能成为我们通知小队的一员。

Going back to the time we really didn't know much about space, 表達脈絡

回到那个我们对太空还知之甚少的时代，

ancient people could of course see the stars

古人当然能看到星星，

and also the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

也能看到水星、金星、火星、木星和土星。

Then it all changed in 1608 when a Dutchman named Hans Lippershey 表達脈絡

后来这一切在1608年发生了改变，当时一位名叫汉斯·利珀希的荷兰人

patented the telescope,

为望远镜申请了专利，

our window to outer space. 習語

这是我们通往外太空的窗口。

Hot on his heels was Italian Galileo Galilei, 講解

紧随其后的是意大利人伽利略·伽利莱，

who made his own telescope.

他制作了自己的望远镜。

He spotted mountains on the moon,

他发现了月球上的山脉、

a stream of white lights now called the Milky Way,

一条现在被称为银河的白光带、

some of Jupiter's moons,

木星的一些卫星，

and those rocky rings that encircle the wonderful planet of Saturn.

以及环绕在美丽土星周围的岩石光环。

This was a high time for astronomy, 用詞

这是天文学的一个黄金时代，

and we have of course come much further.

当然，我们现在已经走得更远了。

But what have we found that we just can't fathom? 用詞

但我们发现了哪些根本无法理解的东西呢？

Perhaps the space mysteries that make us the most curious

也许让我们最好奇的太空未解之谜，

are the ones that compel us to think aliens did it. 短語搭配

是那些迫使我们认为是外星人干的好事。

One such mystery is what looks like a perfect hexagon 講解

其中一个谜团看起来像是一个完美的六边形，

embossed on the planet Saturn.

浮雕在土星上。

Found in 2006 by astronomers,

由天文学家在2006年发现，

this hexagon sitting right on Saturn's north pole

这个正好位于土星北极的六边形，

had people thinking it might have been left there by an intelligent alien species.

让人们觉得它可能是某个智慧外星物种留在那里的。

Sticking with Saturn, 表達脈絡

说到土星，

did you know that we still can't figure out how those rings formed

你知道我们至今也搞不懂这些星环是如何形成的吗？

or why they maintain that seemingly perfect shape?

或者它们为什么能保持那种看似完美的形状？

They are made of ice and also rocks,

它们是由冰和岩石组成的，

that we know,

这是我们所知道的，

and we think they formed right at the beginning of the solar system

而且我们认为它们是在太阳系刚诞生时形成的，

about 4.4 billion years ago.

大约在44亿年前。

Are they made of bits of destroyed moons? 短語搭配

它们是由被摧毁的卫星碎片组成的吗？

Are they much younger than that?

它们的真实年龄是否比那年轻得多？

We just don't rightly know. 用詞

我们确实不知道确切答案。

Shooting stars, as you know, 語法

如你所知，流星

are not actually shooting stars,

实际上并不是划过的星星，

but meteors that come into our atmosphere.

而是进入我们大气层时形成的流星。

But there is such a thing as a shooting star 語法

但确实存在真正的“飞奔的星星”，

and they are brilliant.

它们非常璀璨。

Known as hypervelocity stars,

被称为超高速星，

these things rocket through space 用詞

这些天体在太空中穿梭

at millions of miles per hour.

时速可达数百万英里。

They could have a mass similar to our sun

它们的质量可能与我们的太阳相似，

and are sent wandering around the cosmos

并在宇宙中被流放漫游，

at 2 million miles per hour

速度达到每小时200万英里，

after interacting with a supermassive black hole.

这发生在它们与一个超大质量黑洞相互作用之后。

According to NASA, 表達脈絡

根据NASA的说法，

this is what happens.

情况是这样的。

A galaxy devours one star in a binary system 習語

一个星系吞噬了双星系统中的一颗恒星，

and ejects its twin,

并将它的双胞胎兄弟弹射出去，

flinging it through space at super fast speeds. 用詞

使其以超快速度在太空中飞驰。

We know a fair bit about them, 短語搭配

我们对它们有一定了解，

but we are still speculating. 用詞

但我们仍在推测中。

We have stars that get kicked out 短語動詞

我们有被踢出局的恒星，

and we also have planets that get the boot. 習語

也有被扫地出门的行星。

These are known as rogue planets. 用詞

它们被称为流浪行星。

One such planet is CFBDSIR2149.

其中一颗这样的行星是CFBDSIR2149。

This planet didn't gel with its solar system 習語

这颗行星与它的太阳系格格不入，

and so was ejected into space

因此被弹射到了太空中，

where it wanders alone for,

在那里它孤独地游荡了，

well, 語氣意圖

嗯，

we don't know for how long.

我们不知道游荡了多久。

Astronomers tell us there are probably billions of these rogue planets

天文学家告诉我们，可能存在数十亿颗这样的流浪行星，

looking for a home in the universe. 習語

在宇宙中寻找一个家。

Being a lonely planet without a home

作为一个无家可归的孤独行星，

is probably better than being eaten alive.

也许总比被活生生吞噬要好。

There is a term for when galaxies eat each other 文化背景

有一个专门的术语用来描述星系互相吞噬的现象，

and this is not surprisingly called galactic cannibalism.

毫不意外，这被称为星系同类相食。

Two galaxies collide

两个星系相撞，

and one eats the other.

一个吞噬了另一个。

Does this mean our closest galaxy,

这是否意味着离我们最近的星系，

Andromeda,

仙女座星系，

could devour us?

会吞噬我们？

No,

不会，

because it's too far away

因为它太远了，

at 2.5 million light-years.

在250万光年之外。

That said, 表達脈絡

话虽如此，

some experts believe the Milky Way and Andromeda

一些专家认为银河系和仙女座星系

will collide in about 4 billion years.

将在大约40亿年后相撞。

We don't have to worry for now, 表達脈絡

目前我们还不必担心，

but that's not the case for other galaxies

但对于其他星系来说情况就不同了，

that encroach on each other's space, 習語

它们在互相蚕食彼此的空间，

literally.

字面上的意思。

The galaxy with the strongest gravitational pull

引力最强的星系

will always win the battle.

永远会赢得这场战斗。

Speaking of being devoured or in this case sucked away, 表達脈絡

说到被吞噬或者在这种情况下被吸走，

we have something scientists call dark flow, 文化背景

我们有一种科学家称之为“暗流”的东西，

which lies just outside the observable universe.

它就位于可观测宇宙的边界之外。

The observable universe is said to have a diameter 語法

据说可观测宇宙的直径

of 93 billion light-years

有930亿光年，

and beyond that lies the dark flow.

而在这之外就是暗流。

Scientists don't know exactly what it is,

科学家们不确切知道它是什么，

but it might have formed around the time of the Big Bang.

但它可能是在大爆炸前后形成的。

This flow is pulling things into it.

这种流动正在把物体拉向它。

It is quite complicated,

这相当复杂，

but one astronomer simply said,

但一位天文学家简单地说：

"There is a structure beyond the horizon of our universe

"在我们的宇宙地平线之外有一种结构，

and that structure is exerting a force on our universe." 短語搭配

而那种结构正在对我们的宇宙施加一种力。"

Enough of all this eating and beating. 語氣意圖

关于吞噬和撞击的话题就说到这里。

What about all the pretty things in space?

那么太空中那些美丽的事物呢？

Well,

嗯，

how does giant diamond star sound? 語氣意圖

巨型钻石星听起来怎么样？

According to Space.com,

根据Space.com的说法，

that is exactly what it is,

它确确实实就是这个样子，

a diamond the size of planet Earth.

一颗和地球一样大的钻石。

It's the coldest white dwarf ever found

这是迄今发现的最冷的白矮星，

and so cold,

而且它是如此寒冷，

for a star that is,

对于一颗恒星来说，

that all the carbon crystallized

以至于所有的碳都结晶了，

and formed what for all intents and purposes 習語

并且形成了实际上完全是

is a diamond,

一颗钻石的东西，

a very expensive one.

一颗非常昂贵的钻石。

If a diamond star isn't a wonderful thing to behold, 用詞

如果钻石星还不算令人惊叹的话，

what about a planet that is made of extremely hot ice? 表達脈絡

那么由极热的冰组成的行星呢？

You might ask,

你可能会问，

how can you have hot ice? 語氣意圖

怎么可能有热冰？

Ice is cold,

冰是冷的，

right?

对吧？

Astronomers call this Neptune-sized world

天文学家将这颗海王星大小的世界

the hot ice planet.

称为热冰行星。

It hangs out about 30 light-years from our planet 短語動詞

它位于距离我们星球约30光年外的地方，

and is also less poetically called GJ436b. 表達脈絡

它还有一个不那么诗意的名字叫GJ436b。

It orbits a sun that is much less bright

它绕着一颗比我们的太阳暗得多、

and much smaller than ours

也小得多的恒星运行，

and is also very close to that sun.

而且离那颗恒星非常近。

That's called Gliese 436.

那颗恒星被称为Gliese 436。

Because it's so close, 語法

因为它离得太近了，

it is obviously really hot on that planet,

那颗行星上显然非常热，

about 980 degrees Fahrenheit.

大约华氏980度。

But because of its strange gas makeup,

但由于其奇怪的气体组成，

it has a really bizarre form of what is called water ice

它拥有一种非常怪异的所谓“水冰”形态，

or ice X,

或者叫“冰X”，

as astronomers call it. 語法

天文学家是这么称呼它的。

No one is sure what this gas makeup is,

没有人确定这种气体组成到底是什么，

but it's weird,

但它很诡异，

say scientists.

科学家这样说道。

This hot ice covers the planet

这种热冰覆盖着这颗行星，

and it is so hot it would melt right through you. 語法

而且它是如此之热，足以直接将你融化。

Now let's come closer to home. 表達脈絡

现在让我们回到离家近一点的地方。

What are the strangest things that have ever gotten close to Earth?

曾经靠近过地球的最奇怪的东西是什么？

Well,

嗯，

someone once said there were blueberries on Mars,

有人曾说火星上有蓝莓，

but they turned out to be rocks. 短語動詞

但结果发现它们只是岩石。

They just looked really cool.

它们只是看起来真的很酷。

And if we are going to be cute, 語氣意圖

如果我们想卖个萌的话，

what about the Mickey Mouse impression on Mercury?

水星上的米老鼠图案怎么样？

Are aliens making fun of us?

外星人是在取笑我们吗？

No,

不，

the shape is merely a coincidence,

这个形状仅仅是个巧合，

just as when Jesus Christ turns up on American toast. 短語動詞

就像耶稣基督出现在美国人的吐司上一样。

Possibly the strangest recorded object ever to get near Earth 語法

可能是有记录以来最奇怪的接近地球的物体，

is the one all the news media is talking about now.

正是现在所有新闻媒体都在谈论的那个。

This is an interstellar asteroid that has sailed into our solar system 習語

这是一颗驶入我们太阳系的星际小行星，

and it looks like an alien spaceship.

而且它看起来像一艘外星飞船。

The strange object has been wandering around space

这个奇怪的物体已经在太空中漫游了

for hundreds of millions of years

数亿年，

and now it's waving at us. 習語

现在它正在向我们招手。

NASA was over the moon about this, 習語

NASA对此欣喜若狂，

stating,

并声明：

"For decades we've theorized that such interstellar objects are out there 表達脈絡

"几十年来，我们一直在理论上推测存在这种星际物体，

and now,

而现在，

for the first time,

这是第一次，

we have direct evidence they exist."

我们有了它们存在的直接证据。"

It's called Oumuamua 文化背景

它被称为奥陌陌(Oumuamua)，

and it travels at about 59,030 miles per hour.

它以大约每小时59030英里的速度飞行。

It's thought that it came from the star Vega, 語法

人们认为它来自织女星，

which is about 25 light-years away.

距离我们约25光年。

The 400-m diameter object is dark and red and smooth,

这个直径400米的物体又暗又红，表面光滑，

consisting of metals, 短語搭配

由金属、

water,

水，

and ice.

和冰组成。

It's so special because this is the first 語法

它如此特别，是因为这是第一次

time we've ever had a visitor from another part of the galaxy,

我们迎来了来自星系另一部分的访客，

on record anyway. 表達脈絡

至少在有记录以来是这样的。

It's still a mystery

它仍然是一个谜，

as we don't really know where it's been 語法

因为我们真的不知道它去过哪里，

and how it got to us.

以及它是如何来到我们这里的。

So,

那么，

can you add to this list of mysterious objects in space

你能为这个神秘太空天体的列表再添加一些对象吗？

we can't explain yet?

就是那些我们至今无法解释的天体。

If so,

如果你能，

let us know in the comments.

请在评论区告诉我们。

Also,

另外，

be sure to check out our other video called NASA versus SpaceX.

一定要去看看我们另一部叫做《NASA对战SpaceX》的视频。

Thanks for watching

感谢观看，

and as always,

并且一如既往，

don't forget to like,

别忘了点赞、

share,

分享，

and subscribe.

并订阅。

See you next time.

下次见。