文化如何影响悲伤情绪 ⏲️ 6分钟英语：英语精读讲义

6 Minute English from BBCLearningEnglish.com.

来自 BBCLearningEnglish.com 的 6 Minute English。

Hello, this is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

大家好，这里是 BBC 英语教学的 6 Minute English。

I'm Sam.

我是 Sam。

And I'm Neil.

我是 Neil。

When Helen Russell was three years old, 語法

当 Helen Russell 三岁时，

her newborn baby sister died suddenly.

她刚出生的妹妹突然去世了。

Looking back at that sad time, 短語動詞

回首那段悲伤的时光，

Helen remembers making a big decision. 短語搭配

Helen 记得她做了一个重大决定。

She wanted to be happy.

她想变得快乐。

She became a best-selling author 短語搭配

她成为了一名畅销书作家，

and wrote a book called The Atlas of Happiness.

写了一本名叫《The Atlas of Happiness》的书。

She got married

她结婚了，

and even moved to the famously happy city of Copenhagen in Denmark. 文化背景

甚至搬到了以幸福著称的丹麦城市哥本哈根。

But the sadness Helen felt didn't disappear

但 Helen 感到的悲伤并没有消失，

and the longer she lived abroad, 語法

在国外生活的时间越长，

the more she wondered whether her feelings were somehow connected to being born in England 短語搭配

她就越想知道她的感受是否与出生在英格兰有关，

into a culture where traditionally expressing your emotions was discouraged. 語法

在一个传统上不鼓励表达情感的文化里。

In this program,

在本期节目中，

we'll be investigating how the way people express sadness is influenced by their culture 語法

我们将调查人们表达悲伤的方式是如何受文化影响的，

and as usual,

像往常一样，

we'll be learning some new useful vocabulary as well.

我们也会学习一些有用的新词汇。

But first, I have a question for you, Neil. 表達脈絡

但首先，Neil，我有一个问题要问你。

In English,

在英语中，

there are many idioms which describe being sad,

有很多形容悲伤的习语，

including down in the dumps, 習語

包括 down in the dumps，

meaning that you feel miserable and depressed.

意思是感到悲惨和沮丧。

Also, emotions are often associated with colors. 短語搭配

此外，情感常常与颜色联系在一起。

For example, you might go red with anger 短語搭配

比如，你可能会气得脸发红（go red with anger）

or turn green with envy. 習語

或是嫉妒得脸发绿（turn green with envy）。

But which color is associated with sadness?

但是，哪种颜色与悲伤有关呢？

Is it A, yellow?

是 A，黄色？

B, blue?

B，蓝色？

Or C, brown?

还是 C，棕色？

I think the answer is blue.

我认为答案是蓝色。

Okay, Neil.

好的，Neil。

We'll find out later in the program. 短語搭配

我们稍后在节目中见分晓。

Around the world,

在世界各地，

cultures express emotions very differently. 表達脈絡

不同文化表达情感的方式非常不同。

In Spain,

在西班牙，

flamenco performers express their emotions with colorful displays of song and dance. 文化背景

弗拉门戈表演者用色彩缤纷的歌舞来表达情感。

Whereas in Japan, 表達脈絡

然而在日本，

crying is considered weak and shameful.

哭泣被认为是软弱和可耻的。

To discover more about how British people express their feelings, 語法

为了更多地了解英国人如何表达感受，

Helen Russell interviewed Thomas Dixon,

Helen Russell 采访了 Thomas Dixon，

a professor at the Centre for the History of Emotion

情感历史中心的教授，

for BBC World Service program,

为 BBC 国际频道的节目

The Documentary.

The Documentary。

The word sad,

sad 这个词，

as you will know, Helen, 語氣意圖

如你所知，Helen，

um literally means sated or full. 用詞

嗯，字面意思是餍足的或满的。

So its earliest uses in English,

所以它在英语中最早的用法，

it means being literally fed up,

字面意思是吃得太饱（fed up），

being full of something.

充满了某物。

Sad or sated means heavy and full.

sad 或 sated 意味着沉重和饱足。

Then of course,

然后当然，

we have this huge vocabulary of melancholy, 用詞

我们有大量关于 melancholy（忧郁）、

sorrow, grief, depression,

sorrow（悲伤）、grief（悲痛）、depression（抑郁）的词汇，

uh and many many other terms

呃，还有许多其他术语，

and they all mean slightly different things.

它们的意思都略有不同。

Professor Dixon explains that the original meaning of the word sad was full or fed up,

Dixon 教授解释说 sad 这个词的本意是满的或 fed up，

a phrase which today means being unhappy,

这个短语现在意味着不高兴的，

bored, or tired of something

烦闷的，或对某事感到厌倦的，

which has been going on for a long time. 短語動詞

尤其是这种状态持续了很长时间。

For example,

例如，

everyone is fed up of COVID. 習語

大家都对新冠疫情感到厌倦（fed up）。

But fed up is just one of many words to describe feelings of sadness,

但 fed up 只是描述悲伤情绪的众多词汇之一，

each with a slightly different meaning.

每一个都有略微不同的含义。

One of them is melancholy, 用詞

其中一个是 melancholy，

a kind of intense and thoughtful sadness.

一种强烈而深沉的悲伤。

Another is grief, 用詞

另一个是 grief，

a strong sadness,

一种强烈的悲伤，

often caused by the death of someone you love.

通常由所爱之人的死亡引起。

In Irish culture,

在爱尔兰文化中，

melancholy is expressed artistically in poems or songs 文化背景

melancholy（忧郁）通过诗歌或歌曲被艺术化地表达出来，

and in other cultures,

而在其他文化中，

India for example,

比如印度，

grief can be expressed by professional mourners 文化背景

grief（悲痛）可以由职业的哀悼者来表达，

who are paid to cry by the family of the person who has died.

他们被死者家属雇佣来哭泣。

In England, however,

然而，在英格兰，

big public displays of emotion are uncommon. 短語搭配

大规模公开表达情感是不常见的。

But according to Professor Dixon,

但根据 Dixon 教授的说法，

that wasn't always the case. 短語搭配

情况并非总是如此。

Here he explains to BBC World Service program,

在这里，他向 BBC 国际频道的节目

The Documentary,

The Documentary 解释，

how it was only quite recently, 語法

直到最近，

during the time of Queen Victoria and the British Empire,

在维多利亚女王和日不落帝国时期，

that the English got a reputation for being repressed, 短語搭配

英国人才有了受压抑（repressed）的名声，

unable to show their true feelings and emotions.

无法展示他们真实的感受和情感。

By and large, 短語搭配

总的来说，

it's a Victorian and then Edwardian and 20th century characterization.

这是维多利亚时代，接着是爱德华时代和 20 世纪的特征。

As you can imagine, 語氣意圖

就像你可以想象的那样，

you know, it fits with the era of empire, 短語搭配

你知道，这与帝国时代相符，

of white British men going around the world and conquering it

白人英国男性走遍世界并征服它，

and having a stiff upper lip

保持着咬紧牙关（stiff upper lip）的坚忍，

and ruling over the people 短語動詞

并统治着

um in other parts of the world

嗯，世界其他地方的人民，

and believing themselves, 語法

相信他们自己，

the white Europeans, to be superior.

欧洲白人，是优越的。

And one sign of that superiority, 表達脈絡

这种优越感的一个标志，

and Darwin writes,

正如达尔文所写，

"Englishmen rarely cry

‘英国男人极少哭泣，

except under the pressure of the acutest grief." 短語搭配

除非承受着最剧烈的悲痛。’

Professor Dixon says that the Victorians who ran the British Empire

Dixon 教授说，管理大英帝国的维多利亚时代的人

had a stiff upper lip.

保持着僵硬的上唇（stiff upper lip）。

These men believed they were better than everyone else

这些男人认为他们比其他任何人都好，

and that to cry was a sign of weakness.

认为哭泣是软弱的标志。

When we cry,

当我们哭泣时，

our top lip starts to wobble

我们的上唇开始颤抖，

and so this gave rise to the idiom a stiff upper lip, 講解

所以这产生了习语 a stiff upper lip，

meaning to not show your feelings when you're upset,

意思是在难过时不表露感情，

even though it's difficult not to. 語法

即使这很难做到。

Fortunately,

幸运的是，

most Brits are less repressed nowadays, 用詞

如今大多数英国人不再那么压抑了，

but it's still hard for some people, 語法

但对一些人来说仍然很困难，

especially men,

尤其是男人，

to express their feelings.

去表达他们的感受。

Sometimes drinking alcohol gives people the courage to say what they're feeling, 短語搭配

有时候喝酒会给人勇气说出他们的感受，

but this is not so healthy and can even increase feelings of depression.

但这不太健康，甚至会增加抑郁的感觉。

It's talking to someone about your feelings that can really help 語法

找人倾诉你的感受能带来真正的帮助，

and keep away the blues. 習語

并远离忧郁（keep away the blues）。

And in saying that, 表達脈絡

既然这么说，

I think I've answered your question, Sam.

我想我已经回答了你的问题，Sam。

I asked Neil which color is often associated with feeling sad.

我问 Neil 哪种颜色通常与感到悲伤有关。

And I said it was blue.

我说是蓝色。

Which was, of course,

这当然，

the correct answer.

是正确答案。

And it gives us another idiom about sadness,

这给了我们另一个关于悲伤的习语，

feeling blue. 習語

feeling blue（感到忧郁）。

Okay, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this program 表達脈絡

好了，让我们回顾一下从本期节目中学到的词汇，

about the emotion of sadness

关于悲伤的情感，

or, in other words, 表達脈絡

或者换句话说，

feeling down in the dumps.

感到 down in the dumps。

If you are fed up of something,

如果你对某事感到 fed up，

you're unhappy, bored, or tired of it,

说明你对它感到不悦、厌烦或疲倦，

especially if it's been happening a long time.

尤其是当它已经发生了很长时间。

Melancholy is a type of intense and thoughtful sadness,

Melancholy 是一种强烈且引人深思的悲伤，

while grief is a strong sadness,

而 grief 则是一种强烈的悲痛，

usually caused by someone's death.

通常由某人的死亡引起。

The adjective repressed means unable to show your true feelings and emotions.

形容词 repressed 的意思是无法表现出你真实的感受和情绪。

And finally,

最后，

the uniquely British idiom

这个独特的英国习语

to keep a stiff upper lip

to keep a stiff upper lip

means not to show your feelings when you're upset,

意思是在你心烦意乱时不表现出你的感受，

even though it is difficult not to.

即使忍住很难。

Hiding your feelings definitely won't make you happy, 語法

隐藏你的感受绝对不会让你快乐，

but making friends and learning something new might.

但交朋友和学习新事物可能会。

So remember to join us again soon

所以记得很快再次加入我们，

here at 6 Minute English.

在这里的 6 Minute English。

Bye for now.

暂时再见。

Goodbye.

再见。

6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com.

来自 bbclearningenglish.com 的 6 Minute English。