阿司匹林是如何被发现的？ - 克里希纳·苏迪尔：英语精读讲义

4,000 years ago 在这句话中起什么作用？

1. 它表示这项发现持续了四千年。
2. 它把这项发现放在历史时间线上。
3. 它把这项发现与后来的另一项发现作比较。

用 make a surprising discovery 的过去式完成句子：During the experiment, the team ____.

请使用 scrape 的过去式，并保持 scrape + the ice + off 的顺序完成句子：Before driving, Maya ____ the windshield.

哪个句子保留了同样的“过去条件→过去结果”结构？

1. If the campers hear the bell, they will return to the cabin.
2. If the campers heard the bell, they returned to the cabin.
3. If the campers had heard the bell, they would have returned to the cabin.

请用叙事倒装改写这一意思，使用 she had no idea 的倒装形式：____ that the forgotten sketch would later become the museum's logo.

一位传记作者想把这项发明后来的影响写得仿佛不可避免。哪句话最符合这种语气？

1. The invention transformed communication.
2. The invention was likely to transform communication.
3. The invention was destined to transform communication.

例句中的“the future course of medicine”是什么意思？

1. 计划好的一套医疗疗程
2. 未来开设的一门医学课程
3. 医学未来的发展方式和走向

将括号中的词按 What + 主语 + 动词 的结构排列，完成句子：(the hikers / find) ____ was an ancient map.

请用 a precursor to 完成句子：This mechanical calculator was ____ the modern computer.

请用 known today as 完成句子：The disease once called consumption is ____ tuberculosis.

药品标签上的 active ingredient 是什么意思？

1. 药品中含量最多的成分
2. 只用来给药品着色的成分
3. 产生预期药效的物质

哪句话使用 which is how，把一个事实与后续结果的形成机制连接起来？

1. The seeds need sunlight, which is why they grow slowly in the shade.
2. The seeds reached the island, although no one knows how.
3. The seeds float downriver, which is how they reach new habitats.

在例句中，came to infuse the medical traditions of ... 表示什么？

1. 它后来逐渐渗透并深深融入了那些医学传统。
2. 它被直接倒进了那些文化制作的每一种药物里。
3. 它突然取代了此前的所有医疗做法。

用三个英文单词补全句子，表达“被视为”的意思：The community garden is widely ____ a shared classroom.

哪一种解释符合这句话？

1. 希波克拉底被视为现代医学的一位重要奠基者。
2. 希波克拉底是现代医生们的生父。
3. 希波克拉底独自创造了所有现代医疗方法。

使用名词短语 pain relief 补全表示用途的结构：This gel is used ____.

用 carry water 和 wear a hat 的 -ing 形式完成句子：The guide recommended ____ and ____.

使用 ease 作动词，并用 of 引出疼痛的来源：A cold pack can ____ a minor ankle injury.

以下哪句话正确使用了“It took + 时间 + for someone + to do something”结构？

1. It took six months that the team repaired the bridge.
2. It took for the team six months repair the bridge.
3. It took six months for the team to repair the bridge.

一个研究团队正在认真考察一种新材料的所有可能用途。哪句话最准确地描述了这项工作？

1. The team says the material has potential.
2. The team is realizing the material's potential.
3. The team is comprehensively investigating the material's potential.

哪句话中的 run 与原句一样表示开展研究？

1. The colors ran when the shirt got wet.
2. Maya ran three miles before breakfast.
3. The team ran three experiments to test the new battery.

哪句话使用并列的过去分词短语，对名词作被动补充说明？

1. The scientist sealed the bags and stored them in a freezer.
2. The samples, sealing bags and storing a freezer, stayed fresh.
3. The samples, sealed in bags and stored in a freezer, stayed fresh.

哪句话自然地表示研究人员先确定一种化合物是什么，然后去除其中的杂质？

1. They identified the active compound and recorded its color.
2. They identified and purified the active compound.
3. They purified the active compound without determining what it was.

哪句话正确使用关系从句来说明是什么使一件事得以发生？

1. They found the key that made the rescue possible.
2. They found the key that the rescue team had lost.
3. They found the key, so the rescue began.

哪句话自然地把 keratin 作为一种蛋白质的名称引入？

1. The team studied a protein and called the laboratory.
2. The team studied a protein called keratin.
3. The team called the protein unusual.

用一个由两个词组成、表示“到前面提到的那个时间点”的表达完成第二句：The bus arrived at noon. ____, everyone was ready to leave.

请用表示“富含蛋白质”的 X-rich 复合形容词完成句子：The hikers packed ____ snacks.

哪句话描述了过去一段时间内经常进行的活动？

1. During the winter outbreak, nurses were routinely recording each patient's temperature.
2. Next winter, nurses will start recording patients' temperatures.
3. On Tuesday, one nurse recorded a patient's temperature once.

哪句话表示一种药能减轻多种症状，但没有宣称能治愈疾病？

1. This medicine can cure the disease by easing its symptoms.
2. This medicine can ease pain, fever, and inflammation.
3. This medicine can ease from pain, fever, and inflammation.

用完整结构 open up the possibility of 填空：Better batteries could ____ storing solar energy overnight.

判断下列说法是否正确：在 “The software lets researchers manipulate the image data,” 中，manipulate 是中性的技术用语。

1. 正确
2. 错误

在几次实验失败后，哪句话明确表示团队最终成功了？

1. The team could synthesize the compound.
2. The team managed to synthesize the compound.
3. The team tried to synthesize the compound.

哪个句子使用“逗号 + -ing 从句”来表示前一个事件的直接结果？

1. Working carefully, the scientist mixed the two solutions.
2. The two solutions reacted, producing a blue gas.
3. The scientist mixed the two solutions to test the reaction.

在“The medicine contains acetylsalicylic acid.”中，acetylsalicylic acid 指的是什么？

1. 最早制备阿司匹林的科学家
2. 检测酸的实验室方法
3. 通常称为阿司匹林的化合物

阅读这个句子：The software company Adobe released an update. 开头的名词短语说明了什么？

1. Adobe 是一个购买了软件的人。
2. Adobe 是这次更新的名称。
3. Adobe 是一家软件公司。

用一个词完成 market X as Y 结构：The company marketed the device ____ a low-cost tool for schools.

哪个句子使用 pain reliever 来指能够减轻疼痛的产品？

1. This medicine relieves pain quickly.
2. This pain reliever can help with a mild headache.
3. This medicine can provide pain relief.

用 be widely recognized as 的目标形式完成句子：The museum ____ one of the city's most important cultural sites.

在例句中，synthetic pharmaceutical drugs 是什么意思？

1. 一定不安全且无效的药物
2. 最早的一批通过化学合成制成的药物
3. 早期一些为冒充真药而被虚假标示的药物

一家公司以 ClearRelief 这个名称销售一种药物，而其有效成分有另一个科学名称。ClearRelief 是什么？

1. 告诉患者服用剂量的说明
2. 有效成分的科学名称
3. 用于识别产品的商业名称

在这段对 aspirin 名称的解释中，for 表示什么？

1. 它说明 meadowsweet 的用途。
2. 它说明 aspirin 是给谁使用的。
3. 它说明名称的每个部分来自哪里。

用所有格关系词完成句子：The scientist studied a tree ____ leaves turn red in winter.

请用本课的目标表达完成句子：Over time, the brand ____ dependable service.

在“As ticket sales grew, the theater added more shows”中，句首从句起什么作用？

1. 它把票房与剧院进行比较。
2. 它表示剧院在开始售票之前就增加了演出场次。
3. 它把不断增长的票房作为变化中的背景，同时剧院增加了演出场次。

用 not just ..., but also ... 完成句子：The museum displays ____ paintings, ____ historical letters.

用 stress + related 构成复合形容词：The clinic treats many ____ sleep problems.

哪一句准确使用了 rheumatoid arthritis？

1. Rheumatoid arthritis is a specific disease that can cause inflamed joints.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis is another name for every kind of joint pain.
3. I had rheumatoid arthritis for ten minutes after running.

在 pericarditis, which inflames the fluid-filled sac around the heart 中，which 从句起什么作用？

1. 它要求读者在两种疾病之间作出选择。
2. 它立即解释了这种疾病影响身体的哪个部位。
3. 它引出了另一种无关的疾病。

在短语 “an air-filled cave beneath the cliff” 中，哪一种分析正确？

1. 中心词是 air；filled cave 表示一个动作；beneath the cliff 描述的是空气。
2. 中心词是 cave；air-filled 说明里面有什么；beneath the cliff 说明它的位置。
3. 中心词是 cliff；air-filled cave 说明悬崖里装着什么。

在 “The doctor is checking the child for Kawasaki disease.” 中，哪一种理解正确？

1. 它是一根发炎血管的名称。
2. Kawasaki disease 是一个以医生姓氏命名的固定医学名称。
3. 它指任何起源于日本川崎市的疾病。

用 become 和形容词 inflamed 完成句子：After repeated irritation, the tissue may ____.

哪一句正确使用 despite 来建立让步关系？

1. Yet, despite the promising results, the team remained cautious.
2. Yet, although the promising results, the team remained cautious.
3. Yet, despite the results were promising, the team remained cautious.

把直接问句改写为嵌入式疑问从句：How did the machine work? The engineer explained ____.

阅读：The clinic had no weekend appointments. A new scheduling system changed that. 这里的 that 指什么？

1. 新的预约系统
2. 诊所没有周末预约时段这一状况
3. 仅指诊所本身

“The treatment interrupts the production of the hormone.” 这句话是什么意思？

1. 它在这种激素生成后运输它。
2. 它给这种激素换一个名称。
3. 它干扰生成这种激素的过程。

把 that are called 换成一个词的简化结构：The lab studies signaling molecules ____ cytokines.

哪句话正确地为已经明确的 proteins 添加了非限制性说明？

1. These proteins, which regulates body temperature, are essential to the body.
2. These proteins, which they regulate body temperature, are essential to the body.
3. These proteins, which regulate body temperature, are essential to the body.

请用 win + person + thing 的过去式结构补全句子：Her science project ____ a scholarship.

用本课中表示“随着时间推移”的短语完成句子：____, the neighborhood became quieter as more trees grew.

在关于新发现危险的学术报道中，哪一句最自然？

1. Research has covered the risks with a lid.
2. Research has uncovered previously unknown risks.
3. A research has uncovered risks that everyone already knew.

用表示“摄入过量”的正式名词完成这条健康警示：____ of sugary drinks can cause tooth decay.

哪个句子中的 trigger 表示“诱发生理或情绪反应”？

1. A loud noise can explain a fear response.
2. A loud noise can record a fear response.
3. A loud noise can trigger a fear response.

哪项陈述最准确地解释了 a rare but often fatal illness？

1. 这种疾病并不常见，但经常会导致死亡。
2. 这种疾病很常见，但绝不可能导致死亡。
3. 这种疾病并不常见，而且每个病例都必然导致死亡。

哪句话表示一项成就受到的关注变少了，但没有说它消失了或被移除？

1. Her achievement received more attention after the later controversy.
2. Her achievement was removed from the official record.
3. Her achievement was overshadowed by the later controversy.

请用正确的比较词完成句子：The new medicine caused ____ side effects than the old one。

哪个句子使用 revived interest in 表示关注在减弱后重新回升？

1. The new exhibition revived interest in the overlooked painter.
2. The new exhibition sparked interest in the overlooked painter.
3. The new exhibition increased interest in the overlooked painter.

哪句话表示生成过程仍在继续，但速度降低了？

1. The treatment stops the production of the hormone.
2. The treatment interrupts the production of the hormone.
3. The treatment slows the production of the hormone.

用 clumping 的动词形式完成改写：The chemical causes platelets to ____.

请填入表示因果链下一步结果的目标两词短语：Heavy rain flooded the main road, which ____ delayed the school bus.

判断：任何参与者人数很多的临床试验都可以自动称为 a landmark clinical trial。

1. 错误
2. 正确

哪句话正确表示错误数量下降了15%，而不是错误率最后降到15%？

1. The update reduced errors by 15%.
2. The update reduced errors to 15%.
3. The update reduced errors at 15%.

哪句话正确使用了 prescribe something to someone 和 at risk of 加可能发生的疾病这一结构？

1. The specialist prescribed the inhaler to children at risk of severe asthma attacks.
2. The specialist recommended the inhaler to children at risk of severe asthma attacks.
3. The specialist prescribed the inhaler to children at risk severe asthma attacks.

哪个句子清楚说明了医生推荐某项治疗的原因？

1. Doctors recommend the treatment because it lowers the risk of infection.
2. Doctors recommend the treatment although it lowers the risk of infection.
3. Doctors recommend the treatment before it lowers the risk of infection.

这句话是什么意思？Regular backups cut the likelihood of permanently losing important files.

1. 它们让文件永久丢失变得完全不可能。
2. 它们让文件永久丢失的可能性降低。
3. 它们把重要文件分割成更小的部分。

在 the arteries that supply the heart and brain 中，supply 是什么意思？

1. 它们阻止血液到达心脏和大脑。
2. 它们把血液输送到心脏和大脑。
3. 它们把医疗用品卖给心脏和大脑。

前一个结果已经令人意外。哪个句子最适合引出第二个更耐人寻味的结果？

1. For example, the birds changed their route before the storm arrived.
2. More importantly, the birds changed their route before the storm arrived.
3. Even more intriguingly, the birds changed their route before the storm arrived.

哪句话最准确地解释了 there's a growing body of research that suggests... 的语气？

1. 研究人员已经停止调查这一结论。
2. 一项研究已经毫无疑问地证明了这一结论。
3. 越来越多的研究指向这一结论，但该结论并未被表述为确定事实。

用 fall 和 get injured 的 -ing 形式完成句子：Better lighting reduces the risk of ____ and ____ on the stairs.

请用表示“可能但尚未确认的原因”的目标短语完成句子：The sudden delay ____ a network problem.

在这个医学语境中，antiplatelet effects 最准确的含义是什么？

1. 与血小板无关的不良作用
2. 增加血小板生成的作用
3. 降低血小板聚集的作用

使用动词 check 和 by + -ing 完成句子：The lab reduced errors ____ every sample twice.

一项研究目前只有初步证据。哪个句子以适当谨慎的语气报告了研究结果？

1. Early results suggest the treatment may decrease the levels of the chemical in the blood.
2. The chemical level cannot change after treatment.
3. The treatment definitely eliminates the chemical from the blood.

哪句话正确使用关系从句说明分子的功能，并采用“help + 宾语 + 动词原形”结构？

1. A molecule helps that the body fight infection was discovered.
2. A molecule that help the body fights infection was discovered.
3. A molecule that helps the body fight infection was discovered.

用“transform X from A to B”中的两个介词完成句子：The program transformed the park ____ an unsafe space ____ a welcoming playground.

用 mere 补全句子，表达“不过是”，使后来的成功显得出人意料：The idea began as ____ sketch, but it became a bestselling game.

用 potentially 和 life-saving 补全句子，表达“可能挽救生命”但不作保证：The team is testing a ____ treatment, but the results are not yet certain.

请使用 consume、about 和 each year 完成这句统计表达：The town ____ 30 million liters of water ____.

在句子 Researchers continue searching for new applications for the material 中，applications 最可能表示什么？

1. 为职位或项目提交的新申请表
2. 新的软件应用程序
3. 新的实际用途

哪句话自然地用一种抽象特性作主语，并把它表示为改变的原因？

1. The camera versatile has changed how the crew works.
2. The camera's versatility has changed how the crew works.
3. The camera's versatility has been changed how the crew works.

用高亮结构中表示“把这一背景考虑在内”的单词完成句子：Lina reached the final, which is impressive ____ how little time she had to prepare.

用本课学到的两个单词组成的表达补全句子：Although it now serves thousands of readers, the library grew from ____ in a single rented room.