最恐怖的寄生虫！：英语精读讲义

Parasites have a nasty reputation,

寄生虫的名声一向很糟，

but is it really fair to fear these little guys?

但害怕这些小家伙真的公平吗？

Well, yes.

嗯，是的。

And if you don't think so,

如果你不这么认为，

here's why these terrifying creatures are worth avoiding at all costs. 講解

下面就告诉你，为什么这些可怕的生物无论如何都得躲得远远的。

As if you need another reason to hate mosquitoes, 語氣意圖

要是你还缺一个讨厌蚊子的理由，

when they bite humans,

当它们叮咬人类时，

they can leave the larvae of the parasitic filarial worm.

可能会把寄生性丝虫的幼虫留在人体内。

These worms live and grow in our bodies,

这些虫会在我们的体内生活和生长，

sometimes taking years to mature into full adults, 語法

有时要历经数年才发育为成虫，

leaving only inconspicuous rashes and sores.

在此期间只会留下不起眼的皮疹和疮口。

Years later, they work together to block the vessels of your lymphatic system,

多年后，它们会合力堵塞淋巴系统中的管道，

creating a buildup of fluid and leading to diseases like elephantiasis. 講解

导致液体积聚，并引发象皮病等疾病。

This is one of the leading causes of disability in the world. 短語搭配

这也是全球导致残疾的主要原因之一。

Another worm worth hating is the pinworm.

另一种招人恨的虫子是蛲虫。

Pinworm eggs are often eaten because of contaminated or dirty hands.

人们常常因双手受到污染或没有洗净而误食蛲虫卵。

The eggs hatch and mature in your gut,

虫卵会在肠道中孵化并成熟，

at which point the adult female exits the anus 表達脈絡

这时，成年雌虫会爬出肛门，

to lay a new batch of eggs on the surrounding skin.

在周围的皮肤上产下新一批虫卵。

Your butthole becomes a nest.

你的屁眼就这样变成了虫巢。

This causes intense itching,

这会引起剧烈瘙痒，

often leading to recontaminated hands or fingernails,

常常会让双手或指甲再次受到污染，

which can end up in your mouth again, 短語動詞

然后，你又可能把手或指甲放进嘴里，

restarting the cycle.

让这个循环重新开始。

Feel like scratching your bum? 語法

想挠屁股了吗？

Do yourself a favor and wash those hands and fingernails. 語氣意圖

帮自己个忙，把手和指甲好好洗干净。

On the other side of the body live the lovely pubic lice, 語法

身体另一头则住着“可爱”的阴虱，

sometimes called crabs, 用詞

有时也叫“蟹虱”，

though it's not uncommon to find these buggers in your eyebrows, 講解

不过，在眉毛里发现这些讨厌鬼也并不少见，

beard, or even eyelashes.

在胡须里，甚至睫毛上也可能有。

The itching is from an allergic reaction to their saliva, 短語搭配

瘙痒是对它们唾液的过敏反应，

and it will take treatment with medication

要想摆脱它们，得用药治疗，

or shaving it all off to get rid of them. 短語動詞

或者把毛全部剃掉。

Of course,

当然，

abstinence or no sex works well as a preventative measure, 講解

禁欲或不发生性行为是很有效的预防措施，

along with not sharing your undies with other people. 用詞

不和别人共用内裤也一样。

Some parasites are meant for marine animals,

有些寄生虫本来以海洋动物为宿主，

but end up in humans out of the goodness of our gut. 習語

却因为我们的肠道“太好客”，最终误入人体。

The Anisakis nematode infects humans 文化背景

异尖线虫会感染人类，

after eating raw or undercooked fish,

通常是因为人们吃了生的或未煮熟的鱼，

like sushi,

比如寿司，

which contains the larvae.

其中含有这种幼虫。

The worms penetrate our gut wall and cause abdominal pain,

这些虫会钻入我们的肠壁，引起腹痛、

nausea, and even vomiting.

恶心，甚至呕吐。

But nobody really wins this one, 習語

不过这场遭遇其实没有赢家，

as the nematode can't mature in a human gut and eventually dies.

因为线虫无法在人体肠道内成熟，最终也会死去。

The tongue biter is another marine parasite.

食舌虱是另一种海洋寄生虫。

This tongue-eating louse finds a suitable fish and chews off its tongue,

这种食舌虱会找到合适的鱼，啃掉它的舌头，

only to cling on to the stub in its place. 講解

然后附着在残余的舌根上，取而代之。

Here they stay feeding on the fish's blood, 短語動詞

它们就待在那里吸食鱼血，

all the while mating and dispersing their progeny into the ocean. 講解

同时交配，并把后代散播到海洋中。

And finally, the wonderful cordyceps,

最后登场的是神奇的虫草菌，

which are fungi known for creating zombie ants. 短語搭配

这种真菌因能制造“僵尸蚂蚁”而闻名。

The fungus takes over the ant's body and mind, 短語動詞

真菌会控制蚂蚁的身体和意识，

making it leave the colony and begin climbing upwards 語法

迫使它离开蚁群，不断往高处爬，

to a more ideal temperature and humidity.

去寻找温度和湿度更理想的地方。

The ant then bites onto a stem or leaf

接着，蚂蚁会咬住一根茎或一片叶子，

and gets locked into position until it dies, 語法

身体就此固定，直到死亡，

at which point the fungus bursts through the ant's head

此时，真菌会破开蚂蚁的头部钻出来，

and spreads outward.

并向外扩散。

Could such a parasite ever affect humans?

这种寄生生物有朝一日会不会也影响人类？

For everyone's sake, 習語

为了所有人着想，

we hope not. 語法

我们希望不会。

Our friends at James Cook University

詹姆斯库克大学的朋友们

helped us put this horrifying list of parasites together 短語動詞

帮我们整理出了这份令人毛骨悚然的寄生虫清单，

with special help from parasitologist Dr. Kate Hutson.

寄生虫学家 Kate Hutson 博士还提供了特别协助。

JCU is one of the world's leading institutions focusing on the tropics 文化背景

JCU 是全球专注于热带地区的顶尖学府之一，

with an opportunity to study in a diverse physical environment

学生有机会在多元的自然环境中学习，

unparalleled by any university in the world.

这是世界上任何其他大学都无法比拟的。

I actually studied there for a semester abroad. 文化背景

我其实也曾在那里留学过一个学期。

If you want to learn more, be sure to head over to their website,

如果想了解更多，一定要访问他们的网站：

jcu.edu.au.

jcu.edu.au。

Link in the description.

链接在视频简介中。

You can check out the amazing Dr. Kate Hutson as well at marineparasites.com.

你也可以到 marineparasites.com，进一步了解出色的 Kate Hutson 博士。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos.

别忘了订阅，收看每周更新的科学视频。