如何在末日中生存——科学求生指南：英语精读讲义

Your car has stalled somewhere deserted, 用詞

你的车在某个荒无人烟的地方抛锚了，

your airplane makes a crash landing, 短語搭配

你乘坐的飞机发生迫降事故，

or you're trying to survive after our civilization has finally crumbled. 習語

或者在我们的文明终于崩塌后，你正设法活下去。

You may need the skills to continue life after your luxuries have been taken away. 語法

当舒适便利的生活不复存在，你可能需要掌握一些维持生存的技能。

But how?

但该怎么做呢？

The main necessities for survival are water,

生存所需的基本要素有水、

food,

食物、

shelter,

庇护所、

warmth, and clothing.

保暖条件和衣物。

So let's start with water. 表達脈絡

那我们就先从水说起。

It will be integral to search for a freshwater source,

寻找淡水水源至关重要，

but once found it won't be immune to disease.

但即使找到了，水里也可能带有病菌。

You'll need to boil the water for 5 minutes to kill potentially harmful bacteria.

你需要把水煮沸5分钟，以杀死可能有害的细菌。

And additional toxins are likely proteins

另外，一些毒素很可能属于蛋白质，

that will denature at high heat. 用詞

会在高温下变性。

You can consume water from cacti

你还可以从仙人掌中获取水分，

by cutting off sections of the cactus 語法

方法是切下几段仙人掌，

and mashing them into a container.

再放进容器里捣碎。

In colder climates,

在气候较冷的地方，

you can eat fresh snow with dense ice being the best source. 語法

你可以吃刚落下的雪，而密实的冰是最佳水源。

If you can't get to freshwater,

如果找不到淡水，

dew can be collected in limp fabric, 語法

可以用松软的布料收集露水，

and rainwater can be collected from leaves and divots in rocks.

还可以从树叶和岩石凹坑中收集雨水。

Don't waste water on quenching your lips.

不要浪费水，只为了润湿嘴唇。

You can suck on a button or pebble

你可以含住一颗纽扣或小石子，

to help with dry mouth and thirst temptation.

以缓解口干和想喝水的冲动。

Once water is found,

找到水之后，

drink it slowly over a long period of time.

要用较长时间慢慢喝下去。

This allows the body to utilize it efficiently and will inhibit nausea. 語法

这样身体就能更有效地利用这些水，也能减轻恶心感。

Now for food, 表達脈絡

接下来是食物，

you'll have to suck it up and eat insects. 習語

你得硬着头皮吃昆虫。

Crickets, mealworms, and other critters are high in protein, 講解

蟋蟀、面包虫和其他小虫都富含蛋白质、

vitamins, and minerals,

维生素和矿物质，

which are essential to survival. 短語搭配

而这些都是生存所必需的。

You're also an intimidating animal,

你也是一种令其他动物畏惧的动物，

and in most cases owls, wolves, and foxes

大多数时候，猫头鹰、狼和狐狸

will leave their caught prey if you appear,

一看到你，就会丢下捕获的猎物，

which you can then take.

这时你就可以把猎物拿走。

There will likely be lactic acid present in the meat 語法

猎物的肉中很可能会有乳酸，

if the prey had to run,

尤其是猎物曾经为了逃命而奔跑时，

so it will be tough and spoil faster than freshly caught,

因而肉质会很硬，也会比刚捕到的新鲜猎物更快变质，

but if cooked immediately it should be fine. 語法

但只要立刻煮熟，应该就没问题。

After a month without vitamin C,

连续一个月没有摄取维生素C后，

you can start to feel weak as your body struggles to heal itself. 短語搭配

你可能会开始感到虚弱，因为身体难以自我修复。

This is because vitamin C is integral to biological pathways 講解

这是因为维生素C对某些生物通路至关重要，

that build collagen,

这些通路负责生成胶原蛋白，

the structural protein that causes wound healing.

而胶原蛋白是一种促进伤口愈合的结构蛋白。

Boiling spruce needles in water to create a tea 語法

把云杉针叶放进水里煮成茶，

will provide you with the equivalent vitamin C level 短語搭配

其中的维生素C含量

as a fresh glass of orange juice.

相当于一杯新鲜橙汁。

One of the easiest animals to capture is rabbit, 語法

兔子是最容易捕捉的动物之一，

as they rely so heavily on camouflage 短語搭配

因为它们非常依赖保护色，

and are easy to get close to once spotted. 語法

一旦发现它们，就很容易靠近。

But you can't survive off rabbit alone as they are such a lean meat, 短語動詞

但兔肉太瘦，不能只靠吃兔子活下去，

so you'll need to find more fat.

所以你还得找到更多脂肪。

So much of our lipid intake comes from staples 用詞

我们摄入的脂类有很大一部分来自常见食品，

such as butter, milk, salad oil, or ice cream,

比如黄油、牛奶、色拉油或冰激凌，

things that are sort of hard to find in the wild. 語氣意圖

而这些东西在野外可不太好找。

So you'll need to actively seek out fat. 短語動詞

所以你需要主动寻找脂肪来源。

Eating some plants and berries can be deadly,

有些植物和浆果吃下去可能致命，

so think like a squirrel and eat acorns. 表達脈絡

所以学学松鼠，吃橡子吧。

They're high in fat and always safe.

橡子脂肪含量高，而且食用起来总是安全的。

The bitter taste comes from the organic substance tannin,

苦味来自一种叫单宁的有机物质，

which is found in tea and beer.

茶和啤酒中也含有它。

If you boil the acorns for 2 hours,

如果把橡子煮上2小时，

you'll decrease the bitter taste and then leave them to dry

就能减轻苦味，之后可以把它们晾干，

or grind them into a paste and make pancakes. 短語搭配

或者磨成糊，用来做煎饼。

All aspects of the dandelion are edible too.

蒲公英的所有部位也都可以食用。

You can also boil them to decrease bitterness as well.

也可以把它们煮一煮，减轻苦味。

Maple tree seeds are also a fun snack that is high in essential nutrients and fat.

枫树种子也是一种有趣的零食，富含必需营养素和脂肪。

It will be nutritionally valuable to catch fish,

捕到的鱼营养价值很高，

but there are alternatives that don't need to be caught.

但也有不需要捕捉的替代食物。

Seaweed is extremely nutritious and abundant.

海藻营养极其丰富，而且随处可见。

It can be boiled, 語法

可以把它煮熟、

steamed, fried, or eaten raw,

蒸熟、炸熟，也可以生吃；

and rock-clinging mollusks are also rampant along the Pacific coast of North America.

北美洲太平洋沿岸也到处都是附着在岩石上的软体动物。

An obvious way to cook meat is over a campfire with a stick, 語法

最直接的烤肉方法，就是用树枝串起来放在篝火上烤，

but you can steam food by digging a hole,

但你也可以挖一个坑来蒸食物，

adding hot rocks to it,

在坑里放入滚烫的石头，

and covering it with wet vegetation or seaweed.

再盖上湿润的植物或海藻。

Add the food on top,

把食物放在上面，

and slowly pour water,

然后慢慢倒水，

and the hot rocks will create steam.

炽热的石头就会产生蒸汽。

To create heat,

要产生热量，

you'll need fire,

你需要火，

so always have matches or a lighter handy, 短語搭配

所以手边一定要备好火柴或打火机，

but in desperate times you can hit two rocks together for sparks.

但走投无路时，也可以敲击两块石头来迸出火星。

Keep your eyes peeled for iron pyrite, 習語

要留心寻找黄铁矿，

a type of flammable mineral that is mined for its combustible properties.

这是一种因具有可燃性而被开采的矿物。

Another safe option is the classic magnifying glass binocular lenses

另一个安全的选择是经典的放大镜，双筒望远镜的镜片

which can work as well.

同样也能派上用场。

Once you get sparks,

一旦弄出火星，

you'll need a tinder, 用詞

你就需要引火物，

the name for materials that can ignite easily.

也就是容易被点燃的材料。

Examples are shredded birch bark,

比如撕碎的桦树皮、

dry moss, lichen, grass,

干苔藓、地衣、草、

evergreen needles, and the bark of all cedar trees.

常绿树的针叶，以及所有雪松树的树皮。

Once lit, 語法

引火物点着后，

you'll want to lay the ends of sticks in the fire

把木棍的一端放进火里，

and then push them into the flame slowly as they're consumed. 用詞

木棍燃烧时，再慢慢把它往火焰里推。

This is an efficient way to keep your fire going for longer. 短語搭配

这样能高效地让火烧得更久。

You don't want to light a fire within your shelter for obvious reasons, 語氣意圖

显然，千万不要在庇护所内生火，

and proper ventilation is needed to stop any chance of carbon monoxide poisoning. 用詞

而且必须保持适当通风，避免一氧化碳中毒。

A shallow cave is an ideal shelter,

浅洞穴是理想的庇护所，

putting your fire a safe distance in front for warmth.

可以在洞口前方保持安全距离生火取暖。

In the woods,

在树林里，

breaking off branches and making a leaning structure is simple and effective too. 短語動詞

折些树枝搭成斜棚，同样简单又实用。

Angle the gradual incline towards the wind

让平缓的斜面朝向来风方向，

and start building the walls from the bottom up. 短語搭配

并从下往上搭建墙面。

Use a stick to make a drain around the structure for rainwater to drain.

用木棍在棚子周围挖一圈排水沟，让雨水流走。

As for a comfy bed, 表達脈絡

至于舒适的床，

pine needles, dry moss, leaves, and ferns are the Casper mattress of your post-apocalyptic life. 文化背景

松针、干苔藓、树叶和蕨类，就是你末日后生活里的 Casper 床垫。

In the winter,

冬天时，

don't dress too warmly as your body is capable of regulating temperature, 語法

不要穿得太暖，因为身体本身能够调节体温，

and perspiring can lead to dehydration. 用詞

而出汗可能导致脱水。

On the way out,

动身时，

you'll want to grab boots and thick wool socks.

记得带上靴子和厚羊毛袜。

Leave your skinny jeans at home as you'll need extra room around the knees for dexterity.

紧身牛仔裤就留在家里吧，因为膝盖周围需要留出更多空间，才能活动自如。

Look for clothes with as many pockets as possible, 語法

尽量找口袋多的衣服，

preferably ones that can close,

口袋最好能够封闭，

and loose cotton shirts will provide better protection from insects.

宽松的棉质衬衫还能更有效地防虫。

Oil driven from animal fats can be used to grease footwear and help keep them resistant to water, 講解

从动物脂肪中炼出的油可以涂在鞋子上，帮助提升防水性，

and the down feathers caught from any birds can be shoved beneath your clothes for warmth when needed. 用詞

从抓到的鸟身上取得的绒羽，也可以在需要时塞进衣服里保暖。

Now,

现在，

rewatch this video and take notes

再看一遍这段视频并做好笔记，

as when it comes time to fend for yourself, 講解

因为等到你必须独自求生时，

access to information on the internet will likely not be an option. 短語搭配

很可能已经无法通过互联网获取信息了。

Good luck.

祝你好运。

And if you want to see how some of the richest people in the world are already prepping for the apocalypse,

如果你想看看世界上一些最富有的人已经如何为末日做准备，

watch our second video here by clicking on the screen

就点击屏幕，观看我们的第二段视频，

or using the link in the description.

或使用视频简介中的链接。

Seriously,

说真的，

they're called preppers, 文化背景

他们被称为“末日准备族”（preppers），

and they're already getting ready.

而且早已开始行动了。

And subscribe for more weekly science videos every Thursday.

别忘了订阅；每周四都有更多科学视频。