人死后会发生什么？：英语精读讲义

What happens when you finally kick the bucket, so to speak? 講解

打个比方，当你最终“翘辫子”时会发生什么？

Despite our mostly science-grounded views on death these days, 語法

尽管如今我们对死亡的看法大多基于科学，

it seems many of us believe in life after it.

似乎我们中许多人仍然相信死后有来生。

In 2014, UK citizens were polled by The Telegraph

2014年，《每日电讯报》对英国公民进行了民意调查，

and just under 60% of respondents said they believed some part of us lives on. 講解

近60%的受访者表示，他们相信我们的某部分灵魂会继续存活。

In the US, still a very Christian nation,

在美国这个仍然极具基督教色彩的国家，

Pew Research in 2015 asked people what happened after you die.

皮尤研究中心在2015年询问人们死后会发生什么。

The survey found that 72% of Americans believed you go to heaven,

调查发现，72%的美国人相信你会上天堂，

which was described as a place where people who have led good lives are eternally rewarded. 短語搭配

那里被描述为让行善一生的人获得永恒奖赏的地方。

54% of US adults replied that they believed in hell,

54%的美国成年人回答他们相信地狱的存在，

which was described as a place where people who have led bad lives

那里被描述为作恶多端

and die without being sorry are eternally punished. 語法

且死不知悔改的人受到永恒惩罚的地方。

With that in mind, welcome to this episode of The Infographics Show, 表達脈絡

带着这些疑问，欢迎收看本期《信息图表秀》，

What Happens When You Die.

当你死后会发生什么。

Don't forget to subscribe and click the bell button so that you can be part of our notification squad.

别忘了订阅并点击小铃铛按钮，加入我们的通知小分队。

It seems a lot of people do believe that after death

似乎确实有很多人相信，死后

we might be ensconced in some cloud-strewn paradise or conversely, 講解

我们可能会置身于云雾缭绕的天堂中，或者相反，

if we haven't adhered to the ethics prescribed to us by our chosen religion 短語搭配

如果我们没有遵守我们所信仰的宗教

or denomination of that religion,

或该宗教的教派为我们规定的道德规范，

we might be faced with eternal hellfire 短語搭配

我们可能会面临永恒的地狱之火，

and the prospect of groveling to a bearded red man who hardly ever puts down his pitchfork.

以及对一个拿着干草叉不放的红脸大胡子男人摇尾乞怜的境地。

But let's start with some empirical realism 表達脈絡

但让我们从一些经验现实主义开始，

and what actually happens to the body when we die.

看看我们死后身体到底会发生什么。

Physicians know you're dead because the heart stops beating

医生判断你死了，是因为心脏停止了跳动，

and there is no longer any electrical activity in your brain.

并且你的大脑不再有任何电活动。

Brain death equals dead,

脑死亡就等于死亡，

although machines can keep you going a little bit longer. 短語搭配

尽管机器可以让你维持稍长一点的时间。

You can also have what's called a cardiac death, 短語搭配

你可能会经历所谓的“心脏性死亡”，

which means the heart stops beating

这意味着心脏停止跳动，

and blood no longer flows through your body.

血液不再流经你的身体。

The strange, even wonderful thing is

奇怪甚至奇妙的是，

people that have suffered cardiac death

有些经历了心脏性死亡

but have been brought back to life 短語搭配

但又被救活的人

have said they were aware of what was going on around them. 短語動詞

曾说他们知道周围发生的事情。

Others have talked about walking towards a light in such a near-death experience. 用詞

还有人谈到在这样的濒死体验中走向一道光。

You can be brought back from what we call clinical death, 用詞

你可以从我们所说的临床死亡中被救回，

but you only have a grace period of about 4 to 6 minutes. 用詞

但你只有大约4到6分钟的宽限期。

But let's say you get to the light and pass through. 語氣意圖

但假设你走向了那道光并穿过了它。

This is what we call biological death. 用詞

这就是我们所说的生物学死亡。

Game over, 習語

游戏结束，

the final whistle, dead as a dodo. 習語

终场哨响，死透了。

This is where it gets kind of undignified,

接下来就会变得有些不体面了，

but what do you care?

但你还在乎什么呢？

You're dead.

你已经死了。

Once you're definitely no longer with us, 習語

一旦你确定已经离开人世，

your muscles relax

你的肌肉会放松，

and this means your sphincter will too,

这意味着你的括约肌也会放松，

meaning that triple Whopper and large fries you had for lunch will spill out of you.

也就是说，你午餐吃的三层皇堡和大份薯条都会排泄出来。

The gas you have in you may also leak out and cause a stink.

你体内的气体也可能会泄漏出来，引起恶臭。

The same goes for the pee you've got in your bladder. 短語搭配

膀胱里的尿液也是如此。

So dying, not surprisingly, is a bit of a messy affair.

所以不出所料，死亡是一件有点脏乱的事情。

And men, you might even ejaculate.

至于男性，你甚至可能会射精。

As for women, 表達脈絡

至于女性，

you may give birth after you have died if you were pregnant,

如果你怀孕了，你可能会在死后分娩，

which is something called coffin birth. 用詞

这被称为“棺材产子”。

It doesn't happen often, though.

不过，这种情况并不常发生。

Instead of pushing, 語法

这不是靠肌肉推挤，

it's the gases in the abdomen that squeeze the newborn into the world.

而是腹部产生的气体将新生儿挤出体外。

As the body gets rid of what is trapped inside, 短語動詞

当尸体排出被困在里面的东西时，

noises may be emitted from your mouth as air escapes.

随着空气的逸出，你的嘴里可能会发出声音。

Nurses and people working close to dead bodies

护士和靠近尸体工作的人员

have regularly reported hearing very alive-sounding moans and groans coming from dead bodies.

经常报告听到尸体发出非常像活人的呻吟声。

You may twitch,

你可能会抽搐，

but this doesn't mean there is life in you.

但这并不意味着你还活着。

These are just muscle contractions.

这些只是肌肉收缩。

You could also soon get an erection if you died lying on your stomach and the blood flowed down there.

如果你是趴着死的并且血液流向了下半身，你也可能很快会勃起。

All your blood will pool to a certain area of your body.

你全身的血液都会汇聚到身体的某个区域。

This is called livor mortis 用詞

这叫尸斑，

and it's the reason parts of you will have that dark purple color you have seen on TV.

这就是为什么你身体的某些部位会呈现出你在电视上看到的那种深紫色。

These are the lovely things that can happen quite shortly after you go.

这些都是你死后不久可能发生的“美好”事情。

With no blood flowing through your body,

因为没有血液流经你的身体，

it will begin to cool down, known as algor mortis or simply death chill. 用詞

它会开始降温，这被称为尸冷或死亡寒冷。

It will keep cooling until it is the same temperature as your surroundings.

它会不断冷却，直到与周围环境的温度相同。

You will become stiff within about 2 to 6 hours

大约2到6小时内你会变得僵硬，

and this we call rigor mortis. 用詞

我们称之为尸僵。

This is because calcium is getting into your muscle cells.

这是因为钙正在进入你的肌肉细胞。

Cells break down without blood flow

没有血流，细胞就会分解，

and this leads to bacteria growth and that's why you start to decompose. 短語搭配

这会导致细菌滋生，这就是你开始腐烂的原因。

You may look like your hair or your nails have grown,

你看起来可能像是头发或指甲长长了，

but that isn't the case. 短語搭配

但实际情况并非如此。

What is happening is that your skin is receding,

发生的是你的皮肤正在萎缩退化，

giving the impression of growth. 短語搭配

给人一种生长的错觉。

The skin will loosen too

皮肤也会变得松弛，

and blisters will appear on the body.

身体上会出现水泡。

The next stage is putrefaction, 用詞

下一个阶段是腐败，

when bacteria and microorganisms start feasting on you.

此时细菌和微生物开始享用你。

You'll soon start to stink as bad as anything you could have imagined while you were alive. 語法

你很快就会发出恶臭，臭味绝对超出你活着时能想象的任何味道。

One person described the smell as rotten eggs, feces,

有人形容那种气味就像臭鸡蛋、粪便

and a used toilet left out for a month times 1,000.

和一个放了一个月的用过的马桶混合起来再放大1000倍。

It is unholy.

简直是邪门了。

Soon everything that is soft becomes liquefied

很快所有柔软的东西都会变成液体，

with things like bones, cartilage, and hair remaining strong.

像骨头、软骨和头发等东西依然保留着。

You're already well on your way to decomposing by the time you are being put in the ground, 講解

当你被埋进土里时，你已经处于深度腐烂的状态，

but if embalmed and buried, decomposition could be a slow process. 語法

但如果进行了防腐处理并埋葬，腐烂可能是一个缓慢的过程。

Left above ground,

如果留在地面上，

you'll be a liquefied mess within about a month,

大约一个月内你就会变成一滩液体，

feasted on by insects, maggots, plants, and animals.

成为昆虫、蛆虫、植物和动物的美餐。

Underground,

如果在地下，

some experts say it might take 8 to 12 years

一些专家说可能需要8到12年

before you are reduced to nothing but a skeleton. 短語搭配

你才会变成一具白骨。

After around 50 years,

大约50年后，

even your bones will become part of the Earth.

甚至你的骨头也会化为尘土。

We should add the rate of decomposition depends on all manner of factors, 短語搭配

我们应该补充一点，腐烂的速度取决于各种因素，

too many to list here,

多到在这里无法一一列举，

but we think you get the picture. 習語

但我们想你已经明白是怎么回事了。

While some people report that their near-death experience was a scene to behold, 習語

虽然有些人报告说他们的濒死体验是一场令人惊叹的景象，

that's not always the case.

但情况并非总是如此。

One person writing on Reddit said his experience was as follows: 短語搭配

一个人在Reddit上写道他的经历是这样的：

"It was just black emptiness,

“那只是一片黑色的空虚，

no thoughts,

没有思想，

no consciousness, nothing."

没有意识，什么都没有。”

Is there really something else?

真的还有其他东西吗？

French philosopher René Descartes believed the soul was separate from the body,

法国哲学家勒内·笛卡尔认为灵魂与身体是分离的，

as many religions will tell you,

正如许多宗教会告诉你的那样，

and perhaps when we die,

也许我们死后，

something lingers on. 短語動詞

还有什么东西存留。

Friedrich Nietzsche talked about the concept of eternal recurrence or eternal return, 文化背景

弗里德里希·尼采谈到了永恒轮回或永恒回归的概念，

meaning all existence or energy in the universe has forever

意思是在宇宙中所有的存在或能量已经永远存在，

and will forever keep repeating itself ad infinitum. 用詞

并且将无限期地永远重复自身。

You live the same life again and again forever.

你一遍又一遍地过着同样的生活，永远如此。

Now, doesn't that make you want to live well? 語氣意圖

现在，这难道不让你想好好生活吗？

Here we can make similarities to the Buddhist belief of the wheel of samsara, 講解

在这里我们可以将其与佛教中关于轮回的信仰进行类比，

where in all souls or lives will begin a cycle again after death,

在佛教中，所有的灵魂或生命在死后都会重新开始循环，

except not the same exact life,

只不过不是完全相同的生活，

something we call reincarnation,

这就是我们所说的转世，

which some people say is connected to what we sometimes call déjà vu.

有人说这与我们有时所说的“既视感”有关。

Buddhists believe we can end this vicious cycle 習語

佛教徒相信我们可以结束这种恶性循环，

if we can become truly enlightened,

如果我们能够真正开悟，

therefore achieving nirvana.

从而达到涅槃。

Or do we make our way to heaven after our body stop working, 短語搭配

又或者在我们的身体停止运作后，我们会前往天堂，

tipping our cap to Saint Peter at the pearly gates, 講解

在珍珠门向圣彼得脱帽致敬，

hoping he won't deny us entrance for stealing that candy bar when we went on a school trip to Niagara Falls?

希望他不会因为我们在去尼亚加拉大瀑布的学校旅行时偷了一块糖果而拒绝我们入内？

Will we be taken into paradise,

我们会被带入天堂吗，

a place replete with excellent foods 用詞

一个充满了绝顶美食

and gorgeous maidens that make your dead knees go weak? 習語

和美貌少女让你死去的膝盖发软的地方？

Or will we simply seed the Earth?

还是我们只是化为泥土播种地球？

Are souls nothing more than a worldly fancy that took our minds off our cosmic insignificance 講解

灵魂难道只是一种世俗的幻想，好让我们的心思从自身在宇宙的微不足道中抽离，

and the feeling of futility that we sometimes experience here on terra firma? 用詞

并借此摆脱我们在这片坚实大地上偶尔会感受到的无意义感吗？

Well, this video was pretty grim. 用詞

好吧，这个视频内容相当沉重。

Let's for a second step away and think about your life now 短語動詞

让我们暂时抽离一下，想想你现在的生活，

and how you can make it better.

以及你怎样才能让它变得更好。

If you are one of the many living people who are running a business or thinking of starting one, 短語搭配

如果你是众多正在经营企业或打算创业的人之一，

you probably need a website.

你可能需要一个网站。

But since we all have limited time on Earth,

但既然我们在地球上的时间都有限，

you don't want to spend too much time figuring out 短語動詞

你肯定不想花太多时间去琢磨

how to set everything up 短語動詞

如何把一切设置好，

and then keep on worrying about maintenance. 語法

然后还要不断担心维护的问题。

We share that mentality and that's why we love using Squarespace.

我们有同样的感受，这就是为什么我们喜欢使用Squarespace。

Squarespace has a huge library of beautiful designer templates

Squarespace拥有一个巨大的美丽设计师模板库，

so that you can be up and running within minutes. 習語

让你可以在几分钟内建立并运行网站。

You will never again have to install, patch, or upgrade

你再也不需要在你的网站上

any components on your website ever again.

安装、修补或升级任何组件了。

If you already have your domain and are hesitating about switching to Squarespace because of that, 語法

如果你已经有了自己的域名，正因此犹豫是否要切换到Squarespace，

there's nothing to worry about. 短語搭配

那就完全不用担心。

You can now transfer your third-party domains to Squarespace.

你现在可以将第三方域名转移到Squarespace了。

Instead of working with multiple vendors to maintain your online presence,

你无需与多家供应商打交道来维持你的在线业务，

you are able to manage all of your domain

你可以在Squarespace上管理所有的域名

and billing settings with Squarespace

和计费设置，

and take advantage of their easy-to-use DNS interface. 短語搭配

并利用他们易于使用的DNS界面。

Do you hear that?

听到了吗？

That's destiny calling 習語

那是命运的召唤，

and it says you need a new website.

它说你需要一个新网站。

So make it with Squarespace.

所以用Squarespace来做吧。

Check out squarespace.com for a free trial 短語動詞

访问squarespace.com免费试用，

and when you're ready to launch,

当你准备好发布时，

go to squarespace.com/infographics

前往squarespace.com/infographics，

to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain.

首次购买网站或域名即可享受九折优惠。