这个工具能帮您提升批判性思维 - 埃里克·威尔伯丁 (Erick Wilberding)：英语精读讲义

本句中的 founding fathers 是什么意思？

1. 帮助奠定某种传统的重要早期人物
2. 一位早期哲学家的亲生父亲
3. 裁决哲学争论的法官

哪句话中的 trial 表示法庭审判？

1. The cyclists began the time trial at noon.
2. The former official is on trial for corruption.
3. The software is available for a free trial.

一位同事不同意你的方案。在普通且按字面表达的场合，把这个人称为 an enemy of the state 合适吗？

1. 不合适，这个标签太严厉，而且带有强烈政治色彩。
2. 合适，它只表示与你意见不同的人。

完成目标结构：The reporter accused the official ____ hiding the documents.

在句子“The city refused to recognize the new government,”中，recognize 是什么意思？

1. 从照片中认出它
2. 记住它的名字
3. 正式承认它的地位

在“I don't have all the answers, but I can help”中，前半句最可能是什么意思？

1. 我无法解决这个问题的每一个部分。
2. 我拒绝回答任何问题。
3. 我丢失了一张写有答案的纸。

请用目标结构完成纠正：The coach praised Mia not for scoring the most points, ____ helping the whole team.

使用 engage + 人 + in + 活动结构完成句子：The museum guide engaged the children ____ a conversation about dinosaurs.

哪句话正确使用 nor 补充了第二个否定事实？

1. The route wasn't short, nor did it was easy to follow.
2. The route wasn't short, nor it was easy to follow.
3. The route wasn't short, nor was it easy to follow.

请用本课表示“绝对什么都没有”的强调短语补全句子：After opening the box, Lena found ____ inside.

哪句话正确使用了 respond to X with Y？

1. She responded to the complaint by a clear explanation.
2. She responded the complaint with a clear explanation.
3. She responded to the complaint with a clear explanation.

在这个语境中，through this process 表明了什么？

1. 它描述从某个地方的一侧移动到另一侧。
2. 它回指前面的方法，并引出由该方法产生的结果。
3. 它开启一个与前面方法无关的新话题。

哪句话中的 probe 是动词，表示“深入调查”？

1. The reporter asked what time the meeting began.
2. The engineer replaced a damaged probe in the machine.
3. The reporter probed the reasons behind the sudden change.

用表示“形成更扎实、更可靠的理解”的高亮短语完成句子：After comparing the results, the two teams were able to ____ of the problem.

哪一句正确使用 make + 宾语 + 形容词来表示造成的状态？

1. The kind message made everyone to be happy.
2. The kind message made everyone happily.
3. The kind message made everyone happy.

用 so ... that 结果结构完成句子：The instructions were ____ clear ____ everyone finished early.

用表示“后来获得名称”的目标结构完成句子：What began in 2012 as a small lunchtime contest ____ the One-Minute Challenge.

阅读这个句子：The seminar explores the nature of trust. 其中 the nature of trust 是什么意思？

1. 信任的本质特征和基本性质
2. 自然环境中存在的信任
3. 人们学习信任他人的户外场所

完成 label X as Y 结构：The filter labeled the message ____ spam.

哪一句表示“某个结果使一个新问题产生”？

1. The unexpected result prompted another question.
2. The unexpected result answered another question.
3. The unexpected result asked another question.

请用 Is it + 形容词 + for someone + to do...? 句型补全问句：____ fair ____ Maya ____ see the results before everyone else?

一名研究人员看过新证据后，保留主要主张，但修改了其中一部分。哪个句子最准确地描述了这种情况？

1. She repeated her assertion after seeing the new evidence.
2. She revised her assertion after seeing the new evidence.
3. She withdrew her assertion after seeing the new evidence.

请用 store 的正确形式完成缩略被动条件：The snack stays fresh when ____ in a sealed box.

在这个句子中，isn't finished 是什么意思？The interviewer isn't finished; she has one more question.

1. 她还会继续提问。
2. 她已经结束了采访。
3. 她有一份书面作业还没完成。

请用 boost morale 完成句子，并使用表示 students 的所有格形式：The principal shared the good news to ____ during exam week.

请用目标时间短语完成叙述：Mia was nervous on her first day. ____, she was laughing with her new classmates.

哪一句使用 despondent 最自然？

1. Sam was despondent to hear that the picnic would start five minutes late, although he did not mind.
2. After months of failed experiments, the scientist felt despondent and thought about abandoning the project.
3. Nina was despondent when the store ran out of her favorite gum, but she forgot about it a minute later.

用本课表示委婉不确定的三个英文单词补全句子：I'm ____ whether this key opens the back door, so let's test it.

哪一句正确使用 constitute 表达“构成、算作”？

1. Sharing someone else's password constitutes as a violation of the rules.
2. Sharing someone else's password constitutes a violation of the rules.
3. Sharing someone else's password is constitute a violation of the rules.

哪一句最恰当地表示，研究人员是在使用该方法的过程中注意到这种模式，而不是强调该模式是这一方法带来的结果？

1. By employing the new method, researchers noticed a pattern they had missed before.
2. In employing the new method, researchers noticed a pattern they had missed before.
3. After employing the new method, researchers noticed a pattern they had missed before.

苏格拉底把自己形容为 midwife，是什么意思？

1. 他说接生才是自己的主要工作。
2. 他在人们思考前就给出全部答案。
3. 他通过提问帮助人们形成自己的思想。

在这句话中，giving birth to their ideas 是什么意思？

1. 他们重复苏格拉底已经想好的思想。
2. 他们逐渐形成并表达自己的思想。
3. 他们学习关于真实分娩的知识。

记者耐心地追问，让目击者逐渐说出细节。哪个短语最适合补全句子？The questions help ____.

1. draw up a list of details for the witness
2. point out details the witness already knows
3. draw out details the witness did not mention at first

用 challenge 的正确形式补全句子：The article ____ the belief that only adults can lead a community project.

哪句话表示研究得出了有用的证据，却没有解决主要问题？

1. The study produced useful evidence and a detailed summary.
2. The study produced useful evidence and a definite date for the next test.
3. The study produced useful evidence but no definitive answer.

哪句话正确地用 helps 连接了两个并列动作？

1. The checklist helps clarify the instructions and eliminating common mistakes.
2. The checklist helps clarifying the instructions and eliminate common mistakes.
3. The checklist helps clarify the instructions and eliminate common mistakes.

一个研究团队希望由证据而不是预设结论来引导接下来的问题。哪个句子最准确地描述了这种做法？

1. They choose a conclusion before examining the evidence.
2. They follow a line of inquiry where it logically leads.
3. They change topics whenever a question becomes difficult.

用 end up 完成句子：We started with one small question and may ____ discussing a completely different idea.

哪句话正确使用了现在分词短语来说明主句所带来的结果？

1. The app works offline, made it useful in remote areas.
2. The app works offline, makes it useful in remote areas.
3. The app works offline, making it useful in remote areas.

请填写这个历史时期的名称：During the ____, European scholars renewed their interest in classical Greek and Roman texts.

在这句话中，teach clinical medicine 是什么意思？

1. 教授所有医学分支的历史
2. 教授与患者诊断和治疗相关的医学
3. 教授如何把诊所作为企业来经营

当学生 proposed their rationale for different diagnoses 时，他们做了什么？

1. 他们只根据个人喜好选择诊断。
2. 他们给出了支持可能诊断的有条理推理。
3. 他们列出了诊断，却没有解释任何一个。

哪句话自然地表示主持人检查了未经证实的想法，并引导了谈话？

1. The facilitator asked our assumptions and moderated the people.
2. The facilitator questioned our assumptions and moderated the discussion.
3. The facilitator questioned the discussion and made our assumptions moderate.

一项研究的证据足以解决核心问题。哪句话最准确？

1. The study produced conclusive results.
2. The study produced final results.
3. The study produced routine results.

Following the Protestant Reformation 在这个句子中是什么意思？

1. 在遵循任何宗教改革计划的时候
2. 在被称为新教改革的特定历史运动之后
3. 在新教教会发展起来之前

请使用本讲解中的原结构完成句子：The lesson ____ difficult questions about online safety.

用目标短语的过去式完成句子：In the 1990s, email ____ office communication.

哪个表达最准确地指法院或法官解释法律并说明裁判理由的方式？

1. judicial reasoning
2. legal reasoning
3. personal judgment

请用 challenge someone with 的正确形式补全句子：In the interview, the manager ____ Maya ____ a hypothetical power outage.

在这段美国法律语境中，the Supreme Court 指什么？

1. 美国联邦司法体系中的最高法院
2. 通过所有联邦法律的立法机关
3. 教授联邦法律的大学

哪句话表示立法者在批准一项新法律之前，应考虑他们没有计划到的影响？

1. Lawmakers should consider the unintended impacts of passing the new law.
2. Lawmakers should consider the intended benefits of passing the new law.
3. Lawmakers should consider the unintended impacts of enforcing the existing law.

用本课目标中由五个英文单词组成的关系从句完成句子：Solving a complex puzzle is an activity ____.

请把 depend on 和 complete 变成正确形式，完成句子：The project's progress ____ each team member ____ their task on time.

请用目标短语完成句子：A museum guide should be ____ local history.

哪句话正确使用了句首的 Rather than 结构，既保持两个备选行为的形式平行，又包含完整主句？

1. Rather than the manager blamed the intern or hiding the mistake, asked the team to solve the problem.
2. Rather than blaming the intern or hid the mistake, the manager asked the team to solve the problem.
3. Rather than blaming the intern or hiding the mistake, the manager asked the team to solve the problem.

哪句话明确表示 Leo 展示某物是为了获得别人的赞赏？

1. Leo showed me where the car was parked.
2. Leo showed off his new sports car at the party.
3. Leo showed the mechanic the damaged tire.

哪项描述最符合 modest, genuinely curious, and affirming of every contribution？

1. 她真诚倾听，不炫耀自己，并认可每个人的意见，即使其中有内容需要纠正。
2. 她同意每一种说法，以免任何人感到自己受到了质疑。
3. 她控制整个讨论，并忽视其他人的问题。

哪个句子正确使用 In this regard，把评价限定在前文提到的一个方面？

1. In this regard, the weather changed suddenly, although no earlier aspect was mentioned.
2. The older system has lower maintenance costs. In this regard, I will introduce a completely unrelated topic.
3. The older system has lower maintenance costs. In this regard, it is more practical than the new one.

请使用 may、not、have 和 be 的过去分词完成句子：Looking back, the first draft ____ the most practical solution.

在这个句子中，particular brand of leadership 是什么意思：The coach was critical of the club's particular brand of leadership.

1. 一种鲜明、独特的领导方式或风格
2. 俱乐部出售的一种商品
3. 教练依法注册的名称

使用 pass ... on to ... 结构完成句子：Please ____ the warning ____ to the night team.

在政治历史文本中，subversive beliefs 最强烈地暗示什么？

1. 会引发分歧，但不暗示对制度构成威胁的思想。
2. 被视为会威胁或破坏现有政治秩序的思想。
3. 持有者人数少于多数派观点的思想。

使用 thought 和 caused，转述现在对较早原因的看法：The wiring fault ____ the fire.

用 bring to trial 的被动形式完成句子：After a two-year investigation, the official was ____ on corruption charges.

一篇报道写道：“The prisoner was sentenced to death.” 根据这句话，可以得出哪个结论？

1. 法院判处这名囚犯死刑。
2. 这名囚犯在法院作出任何判决前就去世了。
3. 这名囚犯肯定立即被处决了。

Maya 已接近生命终点，但仍在安慰家人。请使用 even on one's deathbed，并选择正确的所有格来完成句子：____, she kept comforting her family.

哪句话用 ever 描写一种持久的品质？

1. Maya was once eager to learn, but she is not now.
2. Ever eager to learn, Maya asks thoughtful questions.
3. Did Maya ever ask a thoughtful question?

用 What was X like? 句型完成问题：What ____ life at summer camp ____?

用本课所学的准确表达完成博物馆导览的邀请句：Let's ____ ancient Egypt.

在这个句子中，how an ancient democracy made its decisions 是什么意思？

1. 它问的是所有居民如何通过现代民选代表进行投票。
2. 它问的是一名统治者私下选择做什么。
3. 它问的是一个政治制度如何形成集体公共决定。